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History 201 Exam 1
First Exam
91
History
Undergraduate 1
02/07/2013

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Prince Henry the Navigator

Definition

Search for a passage to India. “Sea route”. Starts ernessed. From Portugal. Wears a shirt made out of horse hair to remind himself of the pain and suffering Jesus did.

Term

“God and Gold”

Definition

convert people to Christians. If they’re not Christians, they’re   heathens. Gold becomes more important than god. 

Term

Christopher Columbus

Definition

Italian working for Spain. He’s very religious. All about   “God and Gold”. He wants as much gold as possible, but also as much glory as             possible. Believes he’s in India, but he’s really in the Bahamas (West Indies).             Spain becomes wealthiest place on earth because he found gold in the new          world. 

Term

Queen Elizabeth I

Definition

rules until 1603. Won’t back down from Spain. She confronts   them and takes them on. Encourages people to go on the high seas. 

Term

John and Sebastian Cabot

Definition

England send two brothers to the coast of North America. Founded Newfoundland.

Term

Newfoundland

Definition

work way down eastern Canada and America claiming land for       England, to North Carolina. 

Term

Francis Drake

Definition

Privateer (pirate). Attempt to create a new colony is the new world.    First attempt was in Newfoundland. 

Term

Walter Raleigh

Definition

new colony called Virginia, calls it after his wife. 

Term

Virginia

Definition

Roanoke “lost colony”

Term

Jamestown

Definition

names after King James. Found in 1607. Problems: money – never      enough money to create a colony and you need to make money. Distance – supplies take a long time to get there and ships many not make it. Settlers – people are looking for money. People work for only themselves. Profit, criminals, and adventure – worst types of people you could get together. After first winter, half of the people die. 

Term

John Smith

Definition

living in England, wants to experience war, goes to the Netherlands.    Goes and fights in Turkey, is now a prisoner and is a slave. Falls in love with    the daughter of the house and she helps his escape. Goes to Russia. Pirate for French ship. Goes to Jamestown and whips the town into shape in 1606.

Term

Tobacco

Definition

cash crop. Virginia colony finds tobacco in 1612. London Company brings back 2,000 pounds of tobacco in 1615 and 40,000 pounds in 1620. 

Term

Head right Grant

 

 

 

 

 

Definition

if you go to the new world, we will pay and we will give you 50            acres of river front property and you have to grow tobacco. They get most of the profit, but they will have enough to get wealthy. 

Term

Puritans

Definition

people who wanted Christianity to be pure. Criticisms: ceremony, church hierarchy (bishops: spurn of hell, anti Christ), theology (John Calvin: Calvinists, predestination: god already knows if you’re going to heaven when            you’re born). 

Term

Church of England

Definition

free will. Puritans leave because of this. 

Term

Predestination

Definition

god already knows if you’re going to heaven when you’re born

Term

Separatists – Pilgrims

Definition

separate themselves completely from the Church of England. Board the Mayflower and come to the new world. 

Term

Non-separatist

Definition

they leave England, but they keep contact with England

Term

Great Migration 

Definition

1630-1640. Puritan migration to Massachusetts.

 

            Massachusetts Bay Company: religious based colony. “Colony of Saints”. Democratic government (closed). Small communities that are farming          communities (attempt to expand). 

Term

Harvard College

Definition
1636. A school to teach preachers and teachers
Term

Dutch West India Company

Definition

1621. Takes investment and sells stocks. Attempting      to set up a trading post. 

Term

Fort Orange

Definition

(modern day Albany) New Netherlands. 

Term

New Amsterdam

Definition

bought by Peter Minuit for 26 dollars from the Native Americans.        (Modern day Manhattan)

Term

Peter Minuit

Definition

bought New Amsterdam for 26 dollars from the Native Americans

Term

Peter Stuyvesant

Definition

1650. Intelligent bully. Had one leg. Was consistent. Wasn’t       corrupt. 

Term

Cornelius van Tienhoven

Definition

assistant. Womanizer (would bring back prostitutes to   work for him). One of the best leaders in the New Netherlands

Term

New York

Definition

New Netherlands.

Term

Negative image of Indians

Definition

John Smith describes them as savages and that they are            vicious and are ready to kill the English at any time. He says they’re heathens             because they engage in human sacrifice. They engage in polygamy and have a          lot of sex. They should be feared, but also admired. 

Term

“God’s divine disease”

Definition

English are bringing over small pox that Native Americans        have never seen before or experienced. Europeans have grown a resistance             to them. Two families are affected and no one dies, but the disease kills          thousands of Native Americans. 

Term

Pequot War

Definition

1637. Puritans united with Narragansett and Mohegan against the     Pequot tribe. 

Term

Battle of Fort Mystic

Definition

(massacre) puritans go to the Pequot villages and they kill        everyone including women and children. They eliminated everyone in the             village. The tribes they were united didn’t know whether to stay with the      tribe and get killed, stay and die from disease, or just leave. 

Term

John Eliot

Definition

tries to convert Native Americans to Christians. He translates the bible to       Native American language, which is hard because they never write anything         down. Creates praying towns.

Term

“Praying towns”

Definition

John Eliot creates these for converted Native Americans to live.            There are 14 of them that coexist with puritan speaking English and they go        to church.

Term

King Philip’s War

Definition

Native American leader. Unites Native Americans in New           England. He loses. Puritans eliminate remaining Native Americans and             praying towns. 

Term

Ham, son of Noah

Definition

he is cursed because he looked at his father’s naked body. Called        the curse of Ham-servant. He got his skin turned black.

Term

King of Cayor

Definition

actively seeks out servants. Turns criminals into servants. 

Term

Middle passage

Definition

crossing the Atlantic bringing slaves to America. You need to keep       the “cargo” healthy and you need to stay alive. The slaves are chained             together. Slaves must be kept alive and exercised on deck. Many will try to    commit suicide. 

Term

Anthony Johnson

Definition

African who owns another African. 

Term

House of lords

Definition

upper legislature.

Term

House of Commons

Definition

lower legislature

Term

Colonial governor

Definition

house of kings. 

Term

Bellmen and night watch

Definition
“police”. 
Term

Footpads

Definition

gangs

Term

Rat-baiting

Definition

catch live rats. There is a dog in a pit and the dog would kill the rats.   Becomes a form of gambling (how long it takes or which rat would last the longest or the shortest). Was considered a blood sport.     

Term

Increase Mather

Definition

2nd most important pastor in Boston after John Winthrop.          Greatest religious minds. 

Term

Cotton Mather

Definition

sickly child – weak and stuck in the house. Very intelligent – reads       all the time. Goes to Harvard at the age of 12 (normal age is 15 or 16).             Becomes most important pastor of his time. 500 publications.  Father is          Increase Mather. 

Term

Mount Whoredom

Definition

there is a lot of prostitution here. 

Term

Cressy Mather

Definition

prostitute says that he is the father of her child. Son of Cotton Mather.     

Term

Brattle Street Church

Definition

Solomon Stoddard. Says that anyone and everyone could be     apart of this church. 

Term

Yale College

Definition

the Mather family leaves Harvard to start their own school and they   call it Yale. Yale is only used for teaching religion. 

Term

Deism

Definition

believe in god, the universe is a clock and god runs the clock. This is the         heart of enlightenment. 

Term
Great Awakening
Definition
movement to remember that god is in our day-to-day things.    “Take god from Newton and give him back to Calvin”. 
Term

George Whitefield

Definition

6 crusades

Term

Jonathan Edwards

Definition

“sinners in the hands of an angry god”

Term

Phoebe Bartlett

Definition

4 year old girl. Goes into closet to pray to god and comes out and         says that god came to her. Becomes proof that god is involves in day-to-day             lives.

Term

Charles Chauncy

Definition

old lights. Traditional Christian values. 

Term

New lights

Definition

following the great awakening. Led by Jonathon Edwards

Term

Congregationalist Church

Definition

created by the new lights

Term

Old lights

Definition

old puritans (older ideas). Traditional Christian views. Led by Charles            Chauncy. 

Term

Unitarian Church

Definition

created by the old lights. 

Term

New France

Definition

modern Canada. 12,000 people living there. Very dispersed. Forts in   the west. Wilderness. 

Term

King William’s War

Definition

1st war in America. 

Term

Queen Anne’s War

Definition

French have allied with the Native Americans. 

Term

Deerfield raid

Definition

February: march from Montreal to Massachusetts. 50 killed, 111         POWS. Reverend John Williams.  

Term

John Williams

Definition

lost some family initially. Wife and baby POW then killed

Term

Eunice Williams

 

 

 

 

 

Definition

John Williams’s daughter. Converts to Catholic. Married Native American. 

Term

War of Jenkins’s Ear

Definition

Captain in navy Robert Jenkins (British). Sailed to Spanish FL   and smuggle in and out. Cuts off ear and gives it to him. Britain declares war on Spain. France jumps in. 

Term

Captain Robert Jenkins

Definition

captain in the navy. Sails to Spanish FL. Smuggles in and            out. Cuts off ear and gives it to him. 

Term

French and Indian War

Definition

referred to in colonies. 1754: Ft. Duquesne (modern day           Pittsburg). 1,650 British soldiers led by Washington. 1,000 wounded or             killed. Only 60 French casualties. 

Term

Seven Year’s War

Definition

1754 – 1760. 1st world war, not like WWI where every country is        included, but war fought everywhere that there are British and French

Term

General James Wolfe

Definition

"red headed mole”. Incredibly intelligent, strategic and   brave. Always sick. Momma’s boy. “Cut off the head, and the body will die”. 

Term

Plains of Abraham

Definition

control of New France from Quebec. Defeat France everywhere. 

Term
Peace Treaty of 1763
Definition

British control east of Mississippi River and north of the Gulf    of Mexico (all of the continent except Florida).

Term

What ship allowed modern sailors to experience what it was like to sail on the Mayflower? In 1605, what Frenchman began to explore Cape Cod?

Definition

Mayflower II; John Smith

Term

What heavily wooded island provided shelter from India attack for the Mayflower settlers?

Definition

Clarks Island

Term

What was the Indian Samoset carrying when he met the settlers on March 16?

Definition

A bow and 2 arrows

Term

What did the Indians use the dead herring for?

Definition

Fertilizer for corn

Term

What ship arrived and nearly doubled Plymouth’s population at the end of November? 

Definition

The fortune

Term

The new settlement to the north, Wessagussett, resembled what other colony? 

Definition

The pilgrims

Term

Who was the Wessagussett settlement leader? 

Definition

Standish came down with a fever so Bradford took his place

Term

In 1635, who founded Rhode Island? 

Definition

Roger Williams

Term

Who fled Rhode Island?

Definition

Roger Williams

Term
What famous woman was also thrown out of Massachusetts Bay like Roger Williams? 
Definition
Anne Hutchinson
Term

What eased the requirements for membership in Massachusetts Bay church? 

Definition

By 1660, a group of ministers instituted the halfway covenant. It boosted the number of communicants. Be the Plymouth church didn’t adopt this halfway covenant.

Term

The Indian Tobias was found guilty of what in 1675?

Definition

The murder John Sassaman

Term

Phillip was sachem of?

Definition

Mounte Hope

Term

The war with Phillip started with an attack on what town?

Definition

Northampton

Term

Who wrote The Sovereignty and Goodness of God

Definition

Mary White Rowlandson

Term

Who killed Phillip? 

Definition

The English people and Indians

Term

In 2002, how many estimated descendants of the Mayflower were there? 

Definition

35 million

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