Term
| More advanced than previously expected |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| can exist/be found in nature |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Criteria for civilization: (he wrote 3 things only) |
|
Definition
1. Spoken/written language,
2. Customs/religion afterlife,
3. Agriculture/farming |
|
|
Term
| Civilization is founded on a ______ |
|
Definition
| crop (agriculture farming) |
|
|
Term
| Civilization created __________ society |
|
Definition
| sedentary (sedentary: tending to stay in the same place for much of the time) |
|
|
Term
| The science emphasized in the ancient times was _________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Civilization formed around, not rivers, but _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mesopotamian society existed in modern-day _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| First civilization started |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many people today still live a nomadic lifestyle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sumer was a desert or wetland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Primary grain Sumerians harvested |
|
Definition
| Barley. Barley used for bread, alcohol, cereal, etc. (Those are the 3 he said) |
|
|
Term
| Other grains Sumerians used besides barley |
|
Definition
| wheat, then rice and oats |
|
|
Term
| The first animals domesticated |
|
Definition
| canines (The dogs were great hunters. They were also used to pack things around and haul things.) |
|
|
Term
| The 2nd beast domesticated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Camels can persist about 60 days without water but they are mostly known for their capacity to carry up to 500 pounds |
|
|
Term
| What is the "Land Between the Rivers?" |
|
Definition
| Mesopotamia (meso means middle) |
|
|
Term
| Who were the first to divide time? |
|
Definition
| Sumerians (divided it into units of 60) |
|
|
Term
| T or F: Mesopotamia had many natural advantages like mountains. |
|
Definition
| False - Venerable to attack and continuous invasion. Rapid warfare; it would end quickly because of the flat desert. Chariots. |
|
|
Term
| T or F: Sumerians had very little building stone? |
|
Definition
| True - They used mostly sun-dried mud bricks for building. It didn’t last to our time because they were all blown to dust. |
|
|
Term
| Mesopotamian's greatest buildings were called ___________ |
|
Definition
| ziggurats - Idols were placed on top of the ziggurats. Used as watch towers and astronomical observatories. Used to store grains and used as refuge from flooding. |
|
|
Term
| T or F: To control the water has always been super important for society. |
|
Definition
| True - Aside from animals and crops, in terms of agriculture, Sumerians came up with irrigation. |
|
|
Term
| Mesopotamians were monotheist or polytheist? |
|
Definition
| polytheist - their gods were anthropomorphic (man-like) |
|
|
Term
| T or F: Mesopotamian gods are not kind and loving mothers and fathers. |
|
Definition
| True - They were harsh and irrational. They demanded human sacrifice to them (the gods). They would sacrifice their children to the gods. No belief in life after death. |
|
|
Term
| What was the first epic poem? |
|
Definition
| Gilgamish - It was a quest for the after-life. Finds that it's not a happy place and so live up your life while you can. |
|
|
Term
| Who was the world's first emperor? Hint: They put his face on Iraqi currency after the fall of Saddam Hussein. |
|
Definition
| Hammurabi - He is known for his code of law. Very harsh like the law of Moses. |
|
|
Term
| The memorials of ancient Egypt was remarkably well-preserved because they were made out of _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T or F: Egypt had many natural advantages for protection like the Red Sea. |
|
Definition
| True - Red Sea, Sinai peninsula, mountains, Mediterranean Sea, greatest dessert in the world: the Sahara desert. Invaders could not float down the Nile because of a series of waterfalls. |
|
|
Term
| Where is the Ethiopian plateau? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Egyptians believed that Egypt consisted of two parts: the black land and the red land. What's the percentage ratio between the two? |
|
Definition
| Black land = flood plane (5%). Red land = desert (95%). The 5% (black land) was everything to them because it is what they lived off of. |
|
|
Term
| How many wheat crops did Egypt have per year? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the most important stone to the Egyptians? |
|
Definition
| Limestone - It is easy to cut but it is quite hard. They also had SAND STONE. The hardest building stone of all, which they had, was GRANITE. |
|
|
Term
| What other minerals did Egypt have besides limestone, sandstone and granite? |
|
Definition
| Copper (if you mix copper and tin you get bronze), gold and other precious stones. |
|
|
Term
| How did they choose Pharaohs? |
|
Definition
| Came from the priests/religious leaders |
|
|
Term
| Most important Egyptian diety was _____ and ______ |
|
Definition
| Isis & Osiris: judge of the Dead, ruler of underworld |
|
|
Term
| What are some basic religious beliefs of Egypt? |
|
Definition
| belief in judgment, eternal life, resurrection, mummification |
|
|
Term
| To mummify the Pharaoh, it took how many days? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The only ones besides the chief embalmer that were allowed to enter the burial place in the pyramids were ______ or ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the King of upper Egypt in 3000 BCE who united upper and lower Egypt following battle where he defeated King in lower Egypt |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the first smooth-sided pyramid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Giza Plateau was on solid ground. Was it easy or hard to defend? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T or F: Pharaoh had religious AND secular role |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was known as the Imperial Pharaoh? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who conquered Nubia because he wanted to expand? |
|
Definition
| Thutmose - Empire from Nubia to Euphrates (in Mesopotamia) |
|
|
Term
| Who succeeded at age 6 as PHARAOH? |
|
Definition
| Pepi II - No heritage. He was the son of a Heram girl. He liked to dance. |
|
|
Term
| Who built the "Great Pyramid at Giza?" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who built the second great pyramid at Giza? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who built the third largest pyramid at Giza? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who opened the temples back up after the gods closed them? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who reasoned with the Gods to rule by candle light (at night) and also got a 27 year reign? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Summary of contributions of Egyptians: |
|
Definition
-Perfected writing on papyrus as well as the art of irrigation
-Architecture
-Orchestra, music scales
-Surgery and medicine |
|
|
Term
| What was probably the third place civilazation appeared? (1st was Mesopotamia, 2nd was Egypt) |
|
Definition
| The society of the Indus River (People of the Indus River Valley) - Harappa, Mohenjo-daro |
|
|
Term
| In what settlement was the wheel invented? |
|
Definition
| Indus River Valley or Harappa, Mohenjo-daro |
|
|
Term
| What was the first civilization established in a cold place? |
|
Definition
| Chinese or Yellow River Valley |
|
|
Term
| What was the civilization called that was established in Meso(Central)America? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For this class, how does Hebertson describe the word "antiquity?" |
|
Definition
| Period before writing (other definition is the distant past, especially before the middle ages) |
|
|
Term
| In this time of antiquity, how would technology be described? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was flint stone used for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some good geopolitical factors that weighed on Greece? |
|
Definition
-Proximity to the sea
-Bridge between Europe and Asia
-Islands like Straits
-Mtns, a defining feature
-Hard to conquer |
|
|
Term
| Did Minoans have any natural advantages? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who invented the potters wheel (pottery)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was good with silver and gold smithing? (They were not a poor people) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vast irregular place made out of native limestone |
|
|
Term
| What wiped out the Minoans? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What tribes invaded the Minoans in 2000 BCE? |
|
Definition
| Aecheans (Greeks), Ionians, Aeolins - Tribes invaded from Steppes of Euraisa |
|
|
Term
| What is the Home of the Gods called for the Greeks? (Greeks believed it was the highest mountain in the world) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T or F: In Greece, sports and religion were not separate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Ancient vs. modern Olympics:
Torch Run |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Ancient vs. modern Olympics:
Wars were paused for the games |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Ancient vs. modern Olympics:
Four-year interval between games. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The name of the greatest athelete in Greek myth was ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| King Onemea issued a challenge that anyone who wanted to marry his daughter had to beat him in a chariot race, and you get the Kingdom as well. Who challenged him? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After King Onemea was defeated, who started the Olympics? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T or F: Only men attended the Olympic games anciently |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The champions of the ancient Olympic games got to do what? |
|
Definition
| The only thing you were given was a wreath around your head and a lap around the oval. Another reward was a statue of yourself. |
|
|
Term
| Who was the head of the Greek faith? |
|
Definition
| The oracle of Delphi (female) |
|
|
Term
| T or F: All Greeks consult Oracle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the place called where people came to consult the Oracle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the sacred plant of Apollo? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the name of the place that was the center of the Greeks activities? |
|
Definition
| the Polis. A Polis is a city-state. One was Troy. Athens is another. There was no powerful central authority. |
|
|
Term
| T or F: Sparta did not have a king. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T or F: Sparta was a military monarch |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At what age did Sparta make children soldiers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T or F: Spartans were strong, silent type, not talkative |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T or F: Spartans had same religion as Athenians because both were Greek |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Athenian economy based on? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T or F: Athenians were merchants |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was a main contributor to Athenian philosophy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the magnificent architectural structure in Athens? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What military branch is Athens most known for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Rome vs. USA:
Began as small farmers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Rome vs. USA:
Slavery, but emphasized freedom |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Rome vs. USA:
Large Army - Larger Navy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Rome vs. USA:
Monied economy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Rome vs. USA:
Violent sports |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Romans believed that had what kind of origin? |
|
Definition
| Trojan, from the Iliad (the home of Helen of Troy - on TEST) |
|
|
Term
| _______ and his men came out of the Trojan horse. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All European countries claimed to come from what origin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who stole a Greek boat and escaped, carrying a torch bearing the flames from the burning city of Troy. |
|
Definition
| Aneus (Trojan) with his family (They sailed to a place called Carthage in North Africa. Realm of Queen Dido. He resisted temptation to marry Dido) |
|
|
Term
| A princes has an affair with the Roman god of War, Mars, and they have children named _______ and ______ |
|
Definition
| Romulus and Remius (Their uncle took them into the wilderness and abandaned them because he was afraid they would take over Rome someday.) |
|
|
Term
| T or F: Romulus and Remius form a gang and become criminals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who decided whether Romulus or Remius would be the leader? |
|
Definition
| the gods (a flock of birds landed on Romulus' hill. Romulus killed his brother after that to ensure power.) |
|
|
Term
Romulus and Remius:
When did the tant of violence and blood begin? |
|
Definition
| after Romulus killed Remius |
|
|
Term
| Etruscans lived in ______ Italy and Greeks lived in ______ Italy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was Zeus' Roman name? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was Hera's Roman name? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Romans adopted government from who? |
|
Definition
| Greeks (they also adopted Greek architecture) |
|
|
Term
| T or F: Etruscans were not very advanced or civilized |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Romans comletely take their life-style from the _________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T or F: Roman women and men both wore ordinary, plain clothes |
|
Definition
| False: Woman wore elaborate and colorful clothes and wore a lot of jewelry. Males wore togas. |
|
|
Term
| What did Romans males, age 14-16, wear as a sign that they were sons of a senator? |
|
Definition
| A narrow purple-striped Toga |
|
|
Term
| T or F: Both Romans and Etruscans showed public affection |
|
Definition
| False: Only Etruscans showed public affection |
|
|
Term
| T or F: Both Romans and Etruscans ate reclined on couches |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Roman had a nobility but no ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who dominated Rome as a foriegn monarch? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the relationship between the Romans and the Etruscans at the time of the Etruscan rule? |
|
Definition
| There was tension but they were civil and respectful |
|
|
Term
| What happened after the violation of a Roman woman by Etruscan princes? |
|
Definition
| The woman committed suicide (The criminal princes were hunted down and killed and now the Etruscans were expelled out of the land along with the rule of their king.) |
|
|
Term
| What kind of government did Rome become after no longer being ruled by the Etruscans. |
|
Definition
| No king. It became a Roman Republic around 500 BCE. They established a senate. |
|
|
Term
| Under Roman law, how were the people represented? |
|
Definition
| The senators are past on through the family as opposed to U.S. senators who are voted in. Occasionally generals could be appointed to be senators. |
|
|
Term
| Roman society hinged on something called _________ |
|
Definition
| patronage: the granting of money, jobs, or offices in returns for votes. |
|
|
Term
| In Romans society, what was the ratio between the Patricians (Equestrians) and the Plebeians? |
|
Definition
| Patricians (3%), Plebeians (97%) |
|
|
Term
| T or F: The Equestrians didn't have horses because they couldn't afford horses. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the Roman army had the horses and what part didn't? |
|
Definition
Calvary on horses (could afford horses)
Infantry on foot (couldn’t afford horses) |
|
|
Term
| T or F: The Roman army was always professional |
|
Definition
| False: Army started out as a citizen army but became more professional over time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Caesar conquered France (took 10 years) in Gallic wars. He incorporated modern France (Gall) into Empire. |
|
|
Term
| What was Gall’s greatest commodity? |
|
Definition
| wheat - “Gall was Rome’s bread basket.” |
|
|
Term
| Describe Caesar's views and class |
|
Definition
| Caesar was ambitious but progressive. He was also a Patrician (3% of Rome - upper class) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| He wanted to advance the common people (Plebeians) - Trouble for Caesar was stepping on the toes of and alienating the senators. |
|
|
Term
| T or F: Caesar wanted to be king |
|
Definition
| He didn't want to become king but to be “first among equals.” |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Conspiracy organized against Caesar. 50 senators surrounded him and they all stabbed and murdered him on the steps of the Curia. |
|
|
Term
| How did the people react to Caesar's death? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was Caesar's funeral put on by? |
|
Definition
| The conspirators who killed him |
|
|
Term
| Who gave an oration at Caesar's funeral that made the people turn on the conspirators? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happened between the surviving conspirators and the Mark Anthony? |
|
Definition
| Anthony and his illegitimate son, Octavian, started a war between them and the conspirators |
|
|
Term
| Where were the conspirators chased to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When Anthony and Octavian joined forces, what city did they govern? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Anthony took Rome ____
Octavian took Rome ____ |
|
Definition
Anothony: East (Egypt)
Octavian: West (Italy) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anthony had an affair with whom? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T or F: Cleopatra considered herself Egyptian even though she wasn't. She was Greek. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did senate do to Anthony because of his affair? |
|
Definition
| Senate strips Anthony of all his honors, offices, and is declared an enemy of state |
|
|
Term
| What happened at the Naval battle of Actium? |
|
Definition
| Anthony's naval power didn't do well. Cleopatra was there in a boat. She fled and Anthony followed, leaving his navy to fail. Octavian conquers and both Anthony and Cleopatra commit suicide. |
|
|
Term
| What name does Octavian Caesar change his to? |
|
Definition
| Augustus (the revered one) Caesar (Emperor) |
|
|
Term
| Who became the first emperor of Rome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name one of Augustus' beliefs |
|
Definition
| He believed that ordinary people prosper in time of peace, as opposed to times of war |
|
|
Term
| Who established the Pax Romano or Roman Peace? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name one of Augustus' major accomplishments |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did Augustus do since he had not legitimate male heir? |
|
Definition
| He arranged political marriages for his daughter Livia to bear a son |
|
|
Term
| What happened to Julia after she had affairs with some young me in Rome? |
|
Definition
| She was exiled to an island |
|
|
Term
| What kind of people did Tiberius (Augustus' son-in-law) revel in? |
|
Definition
| "freaks" (people with physiological anomalies) |
|
|
Term
| What was Tiberius' nephew's name? |
|
Definition
| Caligula (the son of a Roman General) |
|
|
Term
| After Caligula's conflict with the senators, what did he claim to have done? |
|
Definition
| He claimed to have conquered Britain after a 3-DAY CAMPAIGN. He even raised a triumphal arch for his “victory.” |
|
|
Term
| Who was Caligula overthrown by? |
|
Definition
| the Praetorian guard (was a force of bodyguards used by Roman Emperors) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stepson of Emperor Claudius and son of Agrippina |
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