Nye Report

(The Nye Commitee)

Investigated the financial and banking interests which underlay United States involvement in world war I, and was a significant factor in public and political support for American neutrality in the early stages of World War 2.

An act to provide for the general welfare by establishing a system of Federal old-age benefits, and by enabling the several States to make more adequate provision for aged persons, blind persons, dependent and crippled children, maternal and child welfare, public health, and the administration of their unemployment compensation laws; to establish a Social Security Board; to raise revenue; and for other purposes.

An act passed by Congress in 1933 that prohibited commercial banks from collaborating with full-service brokerage firms or participating in investment banking activities.

Sit-down strike in Michigan that involved workers to occupy the space without working. Women helped men by organizing soup kitchens. General Motors were going to use tear gas to force workers out but women broke windows. After 44 days, UAW (United Automobile workers) was established. 

Film that got Americans on board with war. Shaped opinions for WWII. 

President Roosevelt swung into action by freezing all Japanese assets in America. Britain and the Dutch East Indies followed suit. The result: Japan lost access to three-fourths of its overseas trade and 88 percent of its imported oil. Japan's oil reserves were only sufficient to last three years, and only half that time if it went to war and consumed fuel at a more frenzied pace.

• US enters the war
• December 7, 1941: Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor
• 2.5 hours later, Japanese officially declared war on the United States and Britain
• Dec. 8: Britain declared war
• Dec. 8: US Congress declared that a state of war had existed since December 7
• Dec. 9: China declared war on Japan, Germany, and Italy
• Dec. 11: Germany and Italy declared war on the United States, and the US Congress voted declarations in return

Truman used an executive order to end military segregation. Executive Order 9981, signed on July 26, 1948, forbade discriminating against military personnel because of race, color, religion, or national origin.

Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483, was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional.

Whistled at a white woman and was caught. Whites murdered him and were aquitted by an all-white jury in Mississippi. President Eisenhower did not get involved. 

Linda Browns laywer in Brown V. Board of Education

Cheif justice surving in supreme court for Brown V. Board. In favor of separation because race causes inferiority. 

All white school board agreed to intergrate schools. White segregationist in Little Rock led these schools back to segregation.

Whites seeking segregation in the south. Promoting segregation. 

The Little Rock Nine were a group of African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957. The ensuing Little Rock Crisis, in which the students were initially prevented from entering the racially segregated school by Arkansas Governer Orval Faubus, and then attended after the intervention of President Eisenhower.

The first colored person to play Major League Baseball. 1947-1956. Played for the Brooklyn Dodgers and endured many nasty comments. 

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Rosa parks sat in the first row of the colored section and refused to give up her seat for a white when the white section became full. The event started a boycott from 1955-1956 for 381 days. 90% of blacks gave up the bus and walked. 

Group formed by MLK that sponsored famous sit-ins. Group promoted southern leadership. 

Congress of Racial Equality-freedom rides. Groups traveld highways and made many stops to promote freedom for blacks. 

A U.S. civil-rights organization formed by students and active especially during the 1960s, whose aim was to achieve political and economic equality for blacks through local and regional action groups.

Banned discrimination in public places. Did not protect the right to vote. 

Prohibits the states and their political subdivisions from imposing voting qualifications or prerequisites to voting, or standards, practices, or procedures that deny or curtail the right of a U.S. citizen to vote because of race, color, or membership in a language minority group.

Protestors attempting to march from Slema to the state captial of Montgomery were met with violent resistance by state and local authorites. 

Richard and Mildred Loving were married in 1958 in Washington D.C. because their home state of Virginia still upheld the antimiscegenation law which stated that interracial marriages were illegal. In 1959 they were prosecuted and convicted of violating the states's antimiscegenation law. They were each sentenced one year in jail, but promised the sentence would be suspended if they agreed to leave the state and not return for 25 years.

An African-American author who has written about her experiences growing up poor and black in rural Mississippi, joining the Civil Rights Movement, and fighting racisim against blacks in the United States beginning in the 1960s

36th President of the United States; was elected vice president and succeeded Kennedy when Kennedy was assassinated (1908-1973)

 Aims to dispel the notion in many world cultures that black peoples natural features such as skin color, facial features and hair are inherently ugly.

The prolonged struggle between nationalist forces attempting to unify the country of Vietnam under a communist government and the United States (with the aid of the South Vietnamese) attempting to prevent the spread of communism. Engaged in a war that many viewed as having no way to win, U.S. leaders lost the American public's support for the war. Since the end of the war, the Vietnam War has become a benchmark for what not to do in all future U.S. foreign conflicts.

The Gulf of Tonkin incident is the name given to two separate confrontations involving North Vietnam and the United States in the waters of the Gulf of Tonkin

LBJ's Johns Hopkins Speech, 1965

On April 7, 1965, Lyndon Johnson delivered a televised address from Johns Hopkins University, reaching an estimated sixty million viewers across the United States and many tuning in from around the world. The speech responded to months of criticism regarding American military escalation in Vietnam.

U.S. military aircraft attacked targets throughout North Vietnam from March 1965 to October 1968. This massive bombardment was intended to put military pressure on North Vietnam's Communist leaders and reduce their capacity to wage war against the U.S.-supported government of South Vietnam. Operation Rolling Thunder marked the first sustained American assault on North Vietnamese territory and thus represented a major expansion of U.S.

A series of surprise attacks by the Vietcong (rebel forces sponsored by North Vietnam) and North Vietnamese forces, on scores of cities, towns, and hamlets throughout South Vietnam. It was considered to be a turning point in the Vietnam War.

A massacre in March 1968 and a mass murder of between 350-500 unarmed civilians in South Vietnam. This incident prompted global outrage and increased the domestic opposition to the U.S. involvement. 

A memorial located in Washington D.C. to commemorate those that fought in the Vietnam War. It features a large black reflective wall with the names of those who lost their lives. It is seen as much less impressive in comparison to WWII memorial

the history of United States involvement in Vietnam from 1945 to 1967. Brought to the public’s attention in 1971 by the NY Times. Showed that the U.S. government had mislead the American public and expanded the war by bombing Cambodia and Laos. Brought up issues of first amendment rights

Feminist policy movement that developed in the 1960’s and 1970’s and an important strand in second wave feminism. Had strong roots in civil rights issues and in other countries gay rights issues

American politician who became the first openly gay person to be elected to public office. This occurred in 1977 when Milk won a seat on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors. He is seen as a more famous representative of the gay rights movement 

Rights for farmers that were left out of the new deal that organized unions. 

Puerto Rican activists against war who want recognition. 

American Indian Movement- fight for recognition/rights. 

Coined the term postmodernism. 

Theory that economic crisis was on hand and the nation needed to save energy because of oil crisis in the 1970s. 

Goal was to overthrough Shah Reza Pahlavi. U.S. CIA made him leader in 1953 because he supported the U.S. interest in oil. Iranians voted someone else. Iranians wanted Shah to go on trial in Terahn but the U.S. wouldn't let him and lets him stay in the U.S. while he battles cancer. Iran fights back and starts the hostage crisis. Ruhollah Khomeni takes Shahs place. 

On November 4, 1979, a group of Iranian students stormed the U.S. Embassy in Tehran, taking more than 60 American hostages.

U.S. Boycotts olympics because Russia sent in troops to Afghanistan.

Race: whites majority of population-crime associated with blacks-incarceration rate was disproportionate in the 1980s. 

Class: Those that served in Vietnam were not treated as heros. -Working class fighting- protestors were middle class college students who resented the working clss. 

Patriotism: Love it or leave it. Vietnam-absense of patriotism. Republican leaders draw people away from democratic strong holds. 

Lost to LBJ- started the conservatism movement. Favored by democrats. 

Southern democrat in favor of segregation. Leaves democratic party becoming independent and eventually running against both Nixon and Humprhey in the election. 

Democratic candidate in 3 way election with Nixon and Wallace. 

Republican candidate in 3 way election. Re-elected in 1972 with Ford. Got votes fromt the working class. Voters resented black patriotism. 

Nixon and Ford got nothern democrats and southern democrats on board. Voters from working class. 

Practice of assigning and transporting students to schools in such a manner as to redress prior racial segregation of schools, or to overcome the effects of residential segregation on local school demographics.

Safe haven for Jews that suffered from the Halocaust. Truman siding with Jews empathetically and sending in fundings. #1 U.S. ally in Middle East. Causes unforeseen consequences with Muslim world. 

Protesting U.S. support of Isreal. Take U.S. hostages to make a statement. 

Secret sale of weapons to Iran to support Iran's fight with Iraq. Secretly transported through Nicaragua. Violated laws and was not approved by the pentagon. 

U.S. Killed 290 Iran civilians on plane by accident. Iran retaliated killing 200 on U.S. bombing a plane over Lockerbie, Scottland. 

Bombings onto Baghdad. Media did not show any dead bodies. 

A series of four coordinated terrorist attacks launched by the Islamic terrorist group Al-Qaeda upon the U.S. on September 11, 2001. Response to U.S. invading Iraq stopping Sadam Husain from attacking Croait. Seizing territory unlawfully.