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History-1700 Dr. Cruz
Test 3
29
History
Undergraduate 1
11/18/2008

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Cards

Term
Muhammad
Definition
-From Mecca
-Father died before born, lived with many family members.
-Learned to be a merchant from his uncle
-Married a rich widow
-Vision of the archangel Gabriel: He was told he was the prophet of Allah (kept this secret)
-2nd Vision; Said he should go public, calling his faith Islam, and his followers Muslims.
-Recieved devine revalation by having his prophecies during his trances written down
Term
Shi'ites
Definition
Ali's party (then passed to son Hussain after his murder) after the schism.
-At odds with the Sunni's
Term
Iconoclasts
Definition
-people who use pictures of dieties, statues, etc as a visual stimulus to help concentrate on prayer.
-Leo II ordered all them destroyed.
-843: Council restored Images
Term
Clovis
Definition
-Frankish
-Became a christian and died in 511
Term
Gregory I
Definition
-Pope; Rome in hard times
-Notable Preacher of hell and heaven
-Believed the end of the world was coming
-believed in angels and dark beings were around
-
Term
Pepin the Short
Definition
-defeated the Franks and gave the conqured lands to the church. (Papal States)
Term
Charlemagne
Definition
-Illiterate, but spoke Greek, Latin, and French
-Patron of Learning
     -had monks copy down manuscripts
-Frequent warrior of Italy, Spain, E. Europe
-18 Expeditions in Saxon Germany (he hated them) to convert them to Christianity from Paganism
-Had a feudal system
     -Rotated positions of lords
     -Very good at organization
     -had a strong hand and morals
Term
Vikings
Definition
  1. From Scandinavia
  2. Not a "race" but a way of life for them.
  3. Had the best ships, very well built.
  4. Attacked coast and used rivers to penetrate countries.
  5. Very fit, feirce at combat
  6. Bezerkers-a large man with a short fuse, fearless in battle; usually were from the same family
  7. Invaded: Spain, The Land of the Norman (Normandy, and some stayed), England (some settled) and Ireland (established Dublin)
  8. Voyages: They went to Iceland, then ventured to Greenland, and some ventured further (Lief Erikson settled in Canada in 1000)
Term

William

The

Conqueror

Definition
  1. AKA Duke William of Normandy
  2. Attacked and defeated the Saxons and was crowned King of England.
  3. He had Normans and Saxons pledge allegiance to England
  4. Developed taxes, started a census there
  5. England and France helped each other
Had Normans and Saxons Intermarry, their languages (French and Saxon) became primitive English;
Term
Magna Carta
Definition
When King Henry II strengthened the royal courts and developed common law this angered the nobles they developed the Magna Carta:
----------King could not raise large amounts of money without summoning Nobles and Bishops for council
----------Due Process of Law
--SIGNED in 1215 by the Barons
--1295, The king included in his council and 2 commoners
Term
First Crusade
Definition
AKA--The Peoples Crusade
  1. Pope gave a speech and challenged Christians to go to war with Muslims.(Upper Class)
  2. Told them it was the end of time and God would help
  3. Killed Jews to purify the Christian people (did things such as cannabalism, raping, and murdering)
  4. 1099 Made it to Jerualem, then killed 70,000 that were mostly early Christians!
  5. They occupied Jerusalem and were supplied by Venice and other Italian cities.
  6. This meant broken Christian Crusade States rather than Muslim along the coast.
  7. Once in the middle east they somewhat softened and took the the way of the natives.
Term
Fourth Crusade
Definition
--Led by King Richard the Lion of England in 1202
--Laid siege to Constantinople
---------looted
---------ruined churches
---------raped
 
--In 1261the Byzantines made a small comeback, but were ultimately crippled.
------consequences
------massacred Jews (this led to deep anti-semitism)
------Some Christians became Muslim
--------Learned distillation from Muslims.
 
Term
Mahmud
Definition
  1. Most important of all the Afghan Turks
  2. Forced conversion to Islam on the Hindus in India.
  3. Had many zealots
  4. Called himself "The Image Breaker" from destroying the decorated Hindu temples because they were iconoclastic.
Term
Delhi Sulanate
Definition
  1. The dominant power in N India for some time
  2. No forced conversion, just a tax for being non-muslim.
  3. Very Rich state
  4. Politically unstable because of sultans being murdered left and right (19 out of 25)
  5. Islam began to spread because of the poor caste of people converting to avert the extra tax.
Term
Song Dynasty
Definition
  1. Emporer did not want to be usurped; he had his generals retired and given pensions and were married to a relative of the king
  2. Never a war during this dynasty
  3. Let outermost territories go
  4. Feet Binding started here and was popular for 1000 years
  5. Depended on diplomacy; emporer paid nearby states to stave off war.  (seen as lesser evil)
  6. Invaded in 1127 and the emporer and court captured
  7. Remaining people ran south relocating; creating the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279)
  8. Very prosperous period for technology
  9. Built boats and Compasses and took them overseas.
  10. Invented water pumps
  11. The heart of the Song Dynasty was family (several generations, patriarchal; women subservient)
  12. Invented the printing press creating some of the best books and painters from Song Dynasty
Term
Chinggis Khan
Definition
Term
Golden Horde
Definition
Term
Khubilai Khan
Definition
Term
Why did Muhammad move to Yathrib (Medina)?
Definition
Because Muhammad and his religion was not taken very well in Mecca so they moved to Medina in 622 and became the first Islamic community.
Term
Who converted the Russians to Christianity?
Definition
The Byzantine Empire
Term

What was the purpose of the Treaty of Verdun (843)?

 

Definition
Term
What was the French region settled by the Vikings?
Definition
Normandy
Term
Why did Mahmud lead expeditions into India?
Definition
To conquer and convert the Hindu states and destroy the temples full of iconoclasim
Term
How did the Song rulers deal with hostile states along their borders?
Definition
They paid them off with money to keep from going to war because that was seen as a lesser evil.
Term
What was the greatest conquest of Khubilai Khan?
Definition
Term

Essay #1

What were the basic teachings of the Prophet Muhammad? Discuss the rapid expansion of Islam across the Middle East and North Africa.

Definition
Term

Essay # 2

 Discuss the rise and decline of the Carolingian dynasty. (You should focus on political and diplomatic affairs.)

Definition
Term

Essay # 3

Describe the Song Dynasty. (At the very least, you should discuss diplomatic polocies, governmental administration, technologicaland economic developments)

Definition
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