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| Naturalization Act of 1740 |
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Where: Britian
Who: British Parliament.
What: "anyone who lived in colonies for 7 years could become a citizen". Passed, making it possible for a Jew in any of Britain's American colonies to become naturalized.
Why: It is a unique colonial policy, makes the mainland colonies unique |
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Born in England. William Penn is known, of course, as the founder of Pennsylvania. He is also known as a famous Quaker and for his 'Great Treaty' with the Delaware. Penn's holy experiment was firstly his plan, and secondly idealistic to the point of utopianism. He wanted to establish a society that was godly, virtuous and exemplary for all of humanity. |
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| The headright system was used in Jamestown, Virginia, starting in 1618 as an attempt to solve labor shortages due to the advent of the tobacco economy, which required large plots of land with many workers. It was also a way to attract immigrants. Virginian colonists were each given two headrights of 50 acres (200,000 m²); immigrant colonists who paid for their passage were given one headright, and individuals would receive one headright each time they paid for the passage of another individual. This last mechanism increased the division between the wealthy land-owners and the working poor. Indentured servants were granted land inland, which was near the natives. This migration produced conflict between the natives and the indentured servants. Then Bacon's Rebellion would emerge. |
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| John Harrower was a Scottish merchant who, after failing to find profitable work in Scotland or England, set out in 1774 for the American colonies as an indentured servant. Upon his arrival in Virginia, Harrower’s four-year indenture contract was sold to Colonel William Daingerfield. Harrower went to live at Belvidera, Daingerfield’s plantation in Fredericksburg, where he served as tutor to the Colonel’s children and the children of other local planters. He kept a journal of his life at Belvidera, providing insight into the daily activities of an eighteenth-century plantation. Harrower sent letters to his wife in Scotland which he also copied into his journal. In the following excerpts from these letters, Harrower describes the meals he shared with the Daingerfield family and also alludes to some of the political events taking place in the colonies at the time. |
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| Olaudah Equaino (1745-1797)- |
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| Olaudah Equiano also known as Gustavus Vassa, was one of the most prominent Africans involved in the British movement for the abolition of the slave trade. His autobiography depicted the horrors of slavery and helped influence British lawmakers to abolish the slave trade through the Slave Trade Act of 1807. Despite his enslavement as a young man, he purchased his freedom and worked as a seaman, merchant and explorer in South America, the Caribbean, the Arctic, the American colonies and the United Kingdom. |
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Thomas Paine an author, pamphleteer, radical, inventor, intellectual, revolutionary, and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States Paine greatly influenced the French Revolution. He wrote the Rights of Man (1791), a guide to Enlightenment ideas. Despite not speaking French, he was elected to the French National Convention in 1792 He also wrote the pamphlet Agrarian Justice (1795), discussing the origins of property, and introduced the concept of a guaranteed minimum income. |
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| Thomas Jefferson 1743-1826 |
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| Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 – July 4, 1826)[2] was the third President of the United States (1801–1809), the principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776), and one of the most influential Founding Fathers for his promotion of the ideals of republicanism in the United States. Major events during his presidency include the Louisiana Purchase (1803) and the Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804–1806). |
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| The encomienda is a trusteeship labor system that was employed by the Spanish crown during the Spanish colonization of the Americas and the Philippines. In the encomienda, the crown granted a person a specified number of natives of whom they were to take responsibility |
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| Alexis de Tocqueville (1805-1859) |
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| Alexis-Charles-Henri Clérel de Tocqueville (July 29, 1805, Paris – April 16, 1859, Cannes) was a French political thinker and historian best known for his Democracy in America (appearing in two volumes: 1835 and 1840) and The Old Regime and the Revolution (1856). In both of these works, he explored the effects of the rising equality of social conditions on the individual and the state in western societies. |
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| A Pluralist, Kallen opposed any over-simplification of philosophical and vital problems. According to Kallen, denying complications and difficulties is to multiply them, as much as to deny reality to evil would aggravate evil. He and others argued that cultural diversity and national pride were compatible with each other, and that ethnic diversity and a respect for ethnic and racial differences strengthened America. Kallen is credited with coining the term cultural pluralism. |
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| July 9,1868.This clause has also been used to recognize: (1) substantive due process rights, such as parental and marriage rights; and (2) procedural due process rights requiring that certain steps, such as a hearing, be followed before a person's "life, liberty, or property" can be taken away. The amendment's Equal Protection Clause requires states to provide equal protection under the law to all people within their jurisdictions. The amendment also includes a number of clauses dealing with the Confederacy and its officials. |
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| Europe in 1877. The term draws upon the common use of the term Darwinism, which is a social adaptation of the theory of natural selection as first advanced by Charles Darwin. Natural selection explains speciation in populations as the outcome of competition between individual organisms for limited resources popularly known as "survival of the fittest", a term coined by anthropologist Herbert Spencer, or "The Gospel of Wealth" theory written by Andrew Carnegie. |
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| Ishi 1911-1916 & 1860-1916 |
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Prior to the California Gold Rush, the Yahi population numbered approximately 400.[1] In 1865, Ishi and his family were victims of the Three Knolls Massacre. After being noticed by townspeople, Ishi was taken into custody by a local sheriff for his own protection. The "wild man" caught the imagination and attention of thousands of onlookers and curiosity seekers. He was then moved to the University of California, Berkeley Museum of Anthropology which was housed then on the University of California, San Francisco campus in an old law school building. He lived there for most of the rest of his life, except for the summer of 1915, when he lived in Berkeley with Waterman and his family. |
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| The Quebec Act of 1774 was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain (citation 14 Geo. III c. 83) setting procedures of governance in the Province of Quebec. The principal components of the act were: The province's territory was expanded to take over part of the Indian Reserve, including much of what is now southern Ontario, plus Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin and parts of Minnesota. The oath of allegiance was replaced with one that no longer made reference to the Protestant faith. It guaranteed free practice of the Catholic faith. It restored the use of the French civil law for private matters while maintaining the use of the English common law for public administration, including criminal prosecution |
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| William Strong 1808-1895&1870-1880 |
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| Born in Connetcuit, In 1846, Strong was elected to the United States House of Representatives as an abolitionist Democrat. Strong served two terms in the House, and was the chairman of the U.S. House Committee on Elections during his second term. He did not seek reelection in 1850, but returned to private practice. |
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| Alexander Stephens 1812-1883 |
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| Stephens was an American politician from Georgia. He was Vice President of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War. He also served as a U.S. Representative from Georgia (both before the Civil War and after Reconstruction) and as Governor of Georgia from 1882 until his death in 1883. |
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| Alexander Hamilton 1755-1804 |
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| Stauder vs. West Virgina 1880 |
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| Alien and Sedition Acts 1798 |
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| Pluralistic vs. Particularistic Multiculturalism |
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| Benjamin Franklin 1706-1790 |
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| The Nguyen Family 1970's-1980's |
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Who: vietnamese refugees during 1975
Where: Siagon
What: Started their adventure in Guam, and ended up in Chicago and later owned a local restaurant. The author of Immigrant Voices is basing alot of his thoughts on south vietnamese immigration.
Why: The author brings up Nativism about the vietnamese that came to america and wonder why they arent at home. |
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| Brown vs. Board of Education 1954 |
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J.Hector St. John de Crevecoeur
1735-1813 |
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| Israel Zangwill 1864-1926 |
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Virgina Statue of Religious Freedom
1786 |
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Who: an american football player, gold medalist and all around athlete.
Where: Conneticut
What: Jim was a Native American Indian and European American all-star athlete. Raised in the Sac and Fox nation in Oklahoma, he was named Wa-Tho-Huk, roughly translated as "Bright Path".
Why: His professional sports career ended in the years of the Great Depression, and Thorpe struggled to earn a living. He worked several odd jobs, struggled with alcoholism, and lived out the last years of his life in failing health and poverty. |
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The Chinese Exclusion Act
1882 |
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Who: Signed by Pres. Author on May 8,1882
Where: California and Transcontinental Railroad
What: Revisions of the Burlingame Act. The Act excluded Chinese "skilled and unskilled laborers and Chinese employed in mining" from entering the country for ten years under penalty of imprisonment and deportation.Any Chinese who left the United States had to obtain certifications for reentry, and the Act made Chinese immigrants permanent aliens by excluding them from U.S. citizenship.
Why: The restrictions enforced paused Chinese movement and expansion into the U.S. come to a hault, unlike those of Europe. Later, the immigration Act of 1924would restrict immigration even further, excluding all classes of Chinese immigrants and extending restrictions to other Asian immigrant groups.Until these restrictions were relaxed in the middle of the twentieth century, Chinese immigrants were forced to live a life apart, and to build a society in which they could survive on their own. |
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Gentlemen's Agreement
1907-1908 |
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Who: Japanease and Americans
Where: California
What:an informal agreement between the United States and the Empire of Japan whereby the U.S. would not impose restriction on Japanese immigration or students, and Japan would not allow further emigration to the U.S.*never written into law*
Why:The immediate cause of the Agreement was anti-Japanese Nativism in California. President Roosevelt had three objectives to resolve the situation: show Japan that the policies of California did not reflect the ideals of the entire country, force San Francisco to remove the segregation policies, and reach a resolution to the Japanese Immigration problem. |
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John Marshall Harlan
1833-1911&1877-1911 |
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Who: started as a American Supreme Court associate justice.
Where: Born in Kentucky
What: Grew up in the political party, Whig, then went to the Know Nothings which later became the republican party.
Why: He is most notable as the lone dissenter in the infamous Civil Rights Cases, and Plessy vs. Ferguson,which struck down as unconstitutional federal antidiscrimination legislation and upheld Southern segregation statutes. His argument would later be adopted by Hugo Black. Today, most of the protections of the Bill of Rights and Civil War amendments are now incorporated, though not by the theory advanced by Harlan. |
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Who: Military Officer, in the Revolutionary War, became commander in Cheif.
Where: Born in South Carolina, educated in England
What:In the autumn of 1780, when the finances of the United States were exhausted, he was sent to France to solicit a loan. While earnestly pressing his suit with Vergennes, the French minister, one day, that gentleman said that the King had every disposition to favor the United States.
Why: War tactics regarding black troops influneced the movie the Patriot. Thomas Paine accompanied John Laurens to France and is credited with initiating the mission. the credit for obtaining these critical loans in 1781 and 1782 from france, this led to the first "organizing" the Bank of North America. |
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Who: U.S. Representative from Washington State 3rd district.
Where: Born in Illinois
What: He served as chairman of the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization where he played an important role in the passage of the anti-immigrant legislation of the 1920's. Cheif author of the Immigration act of 1924.
Why: His peak came in 1924 with the passage of the Johnson-Reed Act, which applied a stringent quota system to American immigration policies, and is widely regarded as the most important piece of immigration legislation in United States history. |
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Hart-Celler Immigration Act
1965 |
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Who: Emanuel Celler and Ted Kennedy
Where: United States
What: An annual limitation of 170,000 visas was established for immigrants from Eastern Hemisphere countries with no more than 20,000 per country. However, the number of family reunification visas was unlimited.
Why: the Act resulted in a flood of new immigration from non European nations that changed the ethnic make-up of the United States. Immigration doubled between 1965 and 1970 and doubled again between 1970 and 1990.The most specific effect of the 1965 Immigration Act was to shift immigration from Europe to Asia. |
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Mercantalism
1500-Today(looked only by non-economists) |
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Who: Thomas Mun, one of the major creator's of the system.
Where: Started with the German's, the went to the U.S., but all over the globe.
What: Is an economic theory that holds that the prosperity of a nation is dependent upon its supply of capital, and that the global volume of international trade is "unchangeable."
Why: Mercantilism helped create trade patterns such as the triangular trade in the North Atlantic, in which raw materials were imported to the metropolis and then processed and redistributed to other colonies.Keynes also adopted the essential idea of mercantilism that gov't intervention in the economy is a necessity. |
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Samuel F.B. Morse
1791-1872
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Who/What: Was the American creator of a single-wire telegraph system and Morse Code and (less notably) a painter of historic scenes. Morse was a leader in the anti-catholic and anti-immigration movement of the mid-19th century
Where: Pennslyvannia
Why: His telegraph was a great breaqkthrough that helped lead to the better advances of communication like telephones, and cell phones in todays world! |
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Who: Congress of the Confederation
Where: United States
What: This ordinance put the world on notice not only that the land north of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi would be settled but that it would eventually become part of the United States.
Why: the Northwest Ordinance accelerated the westward expansion of the United States. In addition, it contained provisions for the advancement of education, the maintenance of civil liberties and the exclusion of slavery. |
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Who: An american Social reformerand Native American advocate.
Where: Georgia
What: In Collier's opinion, the general allotment of Indian reservation land was a complete failure leading to the increasing loss of Indian land. John Collier's emergence as a federal Indian policy reformer in 1922 marked a turning point in Indian affairs. Collier introduced the Indian New Deal with the passing of the Indian Reorginization Act of 1934.
Why: Collier's studies and arguements led to the later equality of Native Americans and their fellow Whites. |
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Bartholme de Las Casas
1474-1566 |
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Who: was a 16th-century Spanish Dominican priest, writer and the first resident Bishop of Chiapas.
Where: Spain
What: Made an abstract and copy of Columbus's voyage. Also, Las Casas later became known as "Black Legend", which created stereotypical images of the Spaniards as rapacious colonists and Indians as innocents.
Why: These copies later lead to an important source in early Spanish Colonialism. Bartholme exaggerated the indian population decline which led to the access to importing more african slaves. |
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George Louis Leclerc Comte de Buffon
1707-1788 |
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Where: France
Who: was a French naturalist, mathematician, cosmologist and encyclopedic author
What: He introduced differential and integral calculus into probability theory. Discussed the orgins of the solar system, based on cooling rate of iron he estimated the earth's birth.
Why: Looked at the similarties of Human to ape, and despite the simliar enviroments, regions have diff. plants and animals. Also, the theory of common decent.This led to Charles Darwin's ideas. |
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Servicemen's Readjustment Act(GI Bill)
1944 |
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Who: Bill was signed by F.D.R. forWorld War II veterans
What: was a bill that provided college or vocational education for returning World War IIveterans (commonly referred to as GI's) as well as one year of unemployment compensation.
Why: This provided numerous loans to veterans so they could buy homes and start new buisnesses coming back from war to get back on their feet. |
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Who: Louis XIV
Where: France
What: allowing the nobility to participate in commercial trade without loss of rank. Louis also amended the rules governing the nobility--in the 1696 Edict he conferred the nobility to, in return for financial contribution, individuals could attain the noble status upon their trade.
Why: He was anxious to detect and punish ‘false’ nobles, and disliked the old aristocracy where the noble would lose his status if he engaged in a ‘demeaning’ trade.
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| Brandy Parliament of 1678 |
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