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Definition
| Gave $400 million to Greece and Turkey to aid in defense against communism U.S. must contain the communist threat |
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| A direct response to the economic turmoil that Europe is going throughWe need to give Europe money or communism will spreadWe loan out 13 billion dollars all throughout Europe |
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Definition
| (1948 - 1949)Flying supplies into west germany because the USSR blocks off all roads and railroads2.5mil living in west berlinEstimated they would need 4,500 tons of supply daily2.3mil tons of supplies during the airliftHugely symbolic of how the US will go to ensure that Capitalism is successful |
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| Red ScareSoviet spies living amongst usSenator Joseph McCarthyCommunists were in gov’t, society, and hollywoodwe need to find them and get rid of them |
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Term
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Definition
Take
over two years
MacArthur
is replaced by General Matthew Ridgway
Restore
the 38th parallel, do not use the a-bomb
Concluded
in July of 1953—troops sent home
War
lasted for three years
July
1953 Agreement restores 38th parallel: nothing was
accomplished |
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Term
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Definition
(House Un-American Activities
Committee); 1947
Congressional
committee
Goal:
find communist, communist infiltration, communist messages and stop
them
Nixon
plays a huge part in this
Started
back in the 30’s but takes on a different meaning in the cold war
Consumed
with finding communist and getting rid of them
Search
takes them to Hollywood
Actors,
directors taken to court
“It’s
a wonderful life”
An
attack on capitalism, because the rich guy is the villain which would
be capitalism
A
lot of people in Hollywood turning on there friends
It
was a time when friends sold out friends to save there swimming pools
The
Hollywood Ten: refused to testify, sent to jail, and fined
Mostly
writers, some directors
Humphrey
Bogart, Catherine Hepburn
Walt
Disney turned in a lot of people, Ronald Reagan turned in a lot of
names
These
were “friendly” witnesses, they volunteered there people |
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Definition
| The US sends Nixon to the USSRSymbolically speaking, this is a huge step in the right directionArguing over which country is betterThat we can have these debates and nothing huge comes of it shows that we may be able to be civilized. (1958) |
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U2 spy plane IncidentParis summitSet for summer of 1960Talkings about peace, trade, etcRight before conference begins the Soviets announce that they have shot down a U2 spy planeFrances Gary Powers was the pilotThis
results in Khrushchev cancelling the summit and he is pissed that we
would spy on them while acting like we wanted to be friends |
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Definition
| 1960s Support peace movementsProtest the war in VietnamTook a lot of their ideals from the beatnicksDrugs become a large part of their culture |
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| Seen as a huge rebel because of the different themes he brings up in the ‘50sFirst records at sun recordsWould play for integrated groupsDrafted into the army in 19581935 - 1977 |
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| Berlin wall erected in 1961Physically divides East and West BerlinBecomes a huge symbol of the war |
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| Kennedy assassinated (1963) this will change the situation in Vietnam and will increase the number of active troops in Vietnam |
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Term
| Brown v. Board of Education |
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Definition
| (1954)Originally applies to education and then is applied to many different areasStarts in Topeka, KansasParents sue, saying that their daughter is being denied basic civil rightsWhen it gets to the supreme court, it involves many other cases as wellIs a unanimous decision to stop segregating education. Separate but equal cannot exist. Originally applied to schools, but will expand to include other spectrums“I don’t believe you can change the hearts of men with law.” -Eisenhower |
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| Central High School (little rock, AK) |
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Definition
Whites only HS was suppose to open their doors to 9 African American studentsThe governor of the state vowed to fight the integrationWould position the national guard around the High school to keep the African Americans outEisenhower
will move federal troops into Arkansas to counter the state national
guard and the Arkansas national gaurd is put under control of the
federal gov’tLittle rock 9Ultimately the school year was cancelled to avoid the integration of the African Americans |
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Term
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Definition
Montgomery, Alabama December 1, 1955Rosa Parks refuses to move to the back of the busCops come and arrest her for not moving to the back of the busHer arrest galvanized the African American population in that area50-60
African American leaders come to town and decide what to do in response
to the arrest. They decide to boycott the bus system. A peaceful boycott, economic boycott, to force them to change their bus policies. This will impact the bus system greatly, 60% - 70% of their riders would be African AmericanThe Boycott will work and it takes roughly 11 months to get the bus system to change their policiesThis lengthy process will start to make people wonder if it is worth all the time it takes to make change happen |
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Term
| Sixteenth Street Baptist Church |
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Definition
| Sept 15, 1963 a white man gets out of his car and places a box on the steps of the Baptist ChurchThe box explodes and 23 people are severely injured and 4 are instantly killed in the attackRobert Chambliss is arrested for the attack and placing the box on the stepsArrested for possession of dynamite in his house and for the murder of those 4 girlsHe is found innocent for the murder charges on October 8th (about three weeks)Gets a fine for the possession of dynamiteIn hindsight, the court system blocks a lot of the evidence from being brought up in trialSecond trial he is found guilty when the case was reopenedDies in prison in 1985 |
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Term
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| Mississippi in 1964 Student Nonviolent Coordinating CommitteeGoal to protests racism and increase the number of AA votersJune 1964Michael Schwerner, Andrew Goodman, and James Chaney go missingTheir car is found later and clearly they had been attacked and their bodies were never foundthe FBI is brought in to investigate the crimes and find that the local law enforcements had been involved in this crimethe FBI arrested 19 men who had been involved, none of the convictions stuck though |
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Term
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Definition
N. Vietnam attacks a navy ship that was “patrolling” the gulfThe event that brought a formal bill for the war against Vietnam back onto the tableAugust
4 US makes gulf of tonkin story public, but north Vietnam claims it was
fabricated and created as a way for US bombings of N. VietnamN. Vietnam claims the second incident didn’t actually happen at allAfter
the second conflict, the resolution was pushed through congress in two
days with essentially a blank check to fight the war w/ nearly unanimous
support for the resolution |
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Term
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Definition
| Tet holiday 1968 N. attacks 64 major cities in S. VietnamShowed that the N. Vietnamese were not doing as bad as LBJ had been saying they were |
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Term
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Definition
| Abundance and liberty for all`end to povertyend to racial injusticePrograms created:Head StartJob CorpsWork-Study (University)VISTA - domestic peace corpsCAPS |
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Term
| Studens for a democratic Society |
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Definition
| Founded in 1962 by young college students in MichiganPrincipal leader: Tom HaydenTrying to change the culture of the time, not necessarily supporters of a specific partyOppose the Vietnam WarFought consumerism and materialismBy the end of the 60s they will become more and more extreme in their fight against consumerism and materialism |
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Definition
| Altamont Concert i.e. “Woodstock” (West)December 1969One man stabbed to death while the stones are playingthe “hells angels” are paid to be “security”Altamont becomes very violent and is far less peaceful than the Woodstock |
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| IndependentsGeorge WallaceSegregation now, segregation foreverRunning mate: Curtis LeMayDemocrats1968 LBJ won’t run for another termRobert “Bobby” Kennedy wants to run for President and is seen as a major influence and voice during this timeWould have been the nominee but in June of 1968 he is assassinated1968 a lot of young people won’t show up to vote Hubert Humphrey is given the nomineeJohnsons VP, LBJ is not popular in ‘68August 1968 Democratic National ConventionLots of protestsPeople are getting injuredPeople are frustrated with the gov’t as a whole, shows that something is wrong with our culture and society 100’s of people are injuredRepublicansRichard NixonLost Presidential race in 1960After 1962 vowed to stay out of politics, but eventually runs in 1968 Social divisions, Vietnam, and racial tensions were the largest issues during this campaignRuns w/ Spiro Agnew |
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Term
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Definition
| The people who supported Nixon were known as the “silent majority”They are tired of:Crime ratesSocial violenceDrugsSexual PermissivenessLack of PatriotismRacial Tensions being “hyped up and overplayed”No Law and Order and wants a return to itNixon promises to fix all these things and promises to get out of Vietnam w/ our honor intactNixon wins by .7%Inaugurated in 1969 |
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Term
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Definition
| May 4, 1970Protest against the Vietnam War and the attack on CambodiaProtesters start throwing rocks and fireworks into the ROTC building and so the national Guard was called inMore students show up when the Guard comesTensions keep escalating on campus and eventually a guard starts shooting and everyone else joins in4 students killed, 9 wounded |
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Term
| Paris Peace Accords (1973) |
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Definition
| 1973 sign the paris peace accordsAgree to continue ceasefire and withdraw all remaining troops from VietnamN. Vietnam promises to hold electionsN. Vietnam must unify the nation after we leave and hold electionAmerican POWs are to be returned to the StatesN. Vietnam won’t militarily attack the south |
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Term
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Definition
| “Plumbers”Used to “plug leaks” that could keep him from winning the electionHired by the “Committee to reelect the President” (CREEP)Would be used to break into offices to ensure no one could keep Nixon from reelectionBreak-InJune 17, 1972Offices of the democratic national headquartersBreak into the offices to find information on the campaignPlumbers get arrested for breaking inInvestigationAs more people look into the investigation it starts to look more and more like something is bigger is happeningWoodward and Bernstein are known for breaking the watergate scandalCongress gets involved and threatens Nixon with impeachmentCharged w/ obstruction of justice, abuse of power, contempt of congress,ResignationInstead of going through trial he will resign from officeDoing it to save the nation from the grief of having to watch their president go through trialGerald Ford is appointed VP by congress and Gerald Ford will become president when Nixon resigns |
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Term
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Definition
| The war costing lots of money1969 Family Assistance Plan (fails)Would have provided $2,400 dollars a year for every family1971 - 90 day wage and price freeze to help slow the inflation rate to try and keep prices downInflation will be a huge issue in the 1970s (stagflation = stagnant wages + inflation on price of goods) |
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