Term
How did the Redeemers overthrow the Reconstruction governments?
(Reunion and Redemption) |
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Definition
| Compromise of 1877 - Redeemers cut a deal and accept patronage from the GOP when Hayes and Dem were gridlocked in the election of 1877 to let Hayes win. Among other things, there was an agreement that Reconstruction in south ends. |
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Term
What were the economic realities of the “New South?"
(Reunion and Redemption) |
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Definition
| Redeemers tried to sell image of industrialized south and respect for work, but nothing came to fruition and their economic status suffered. Economy could only produce crops and raw materials. Raw materials were taken cheaply and sold back after being made into something expensively. |
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Term
Why did the American industrial economy boom after the Civil War?
(Origins of Big Business) |
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Definition
Access to raw materials
Size of labor supply (increased)
Series of important technological innovations (assembly line, Steel)
New class of entrepreneurs (Carnegie)
The role of the Fed and State gov'ts (allowed business to expand uninhibited)
Extent (largeness) of the US market (railroads grew market size) |
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Term
What economic problems did farmers experience under commercial agriculture?
(The Populist Challenge) |
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Definition
Farmers largely switched from Subsidence Agriculture to Commercial Agriculture which left them to suffer the harshness of international markets. #1 problem was Overproduction
#1 thing farmers hated were railroads.
They couldnt get loans from banks with crops, only money. |
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Term
How did farmers attempt to organize economically and politically?
(The Populist Challenge) |
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Definition
| Grange tries to form the first group/trust to try and get a better deal for farmers. This evolved into the Farmers Alliance which is a more radical group who endorsed candidates. This then evolve into the Populist Party who had a strong platform and are the most successful politically of the farmer groups. |
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Term
How did the Agrarian revolt in the South lead to the rise of Jim Crow segregation?
(Origins of Jim Crow) |
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Definition
| Redeemers responded to the Agrarian Revolt and they instituted laws at the voting booths for blacks and bogus voting laws with loopholes for whites so that they could stop the revolt. Once these voting laws were in place it was easy to start segregating every aspect of human life. |
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Term
What competing strategies did African Americans use to resist Jim Crow?
(Responses to Jim Crow) |
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Definition
| Exodusters would leave, the ones that stayed joined the NAACP once it formed. Booker T Washington wanted to compromise with Jim Crow. Du Bois wanted to challenge it. Other black fraternal organizations formed - Universal Negro Improvement Association |
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Term
What internal tensions divided industrial workers?
(The Ordeal of Labor) |
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Definition
| Internal tension caused by external forces. Composition of Labor force changed. Deskilling of Jobs occurred. There was a tension between the skilled craftsmen who were the original hard workers and the new country, rural men with no identity to the craft as well as influxes of immigrants. Work force went up, wages went down. |
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Term
What external forces opposed the organization of labor?
(The Ordeal of Labor) |
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Definition
| The original group was the Molly Maguires. Then many strikes and groups formed around different issues. They mainly opposed the deskilling of jobs and the control taken away from the workers as well as the lowered wages. |
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Term
What factors combined to create a sense of national “crisis” in the 1890s?
(The Crisis of the 1890's) |
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Definition
| The farmers were pissed with the populist revolt. They caused racial violence which brought about labor unrest. The panic of 1893 hit - caused by the depression in Europe. The long boom in America came to a head because of over expansion. This caused a recession in the US that lasted 8 years where the unemployment rate was at 20%. |
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Term
How did the presidential election of 1896 represent a victory of business interests over the interests of the farmers and the workers?
(The Crisis of the 1890's) |
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Definition
| The republican candidate beat out William Jennings Bryan who was a legendary agrarian speaker with his speech"cross of gold" McKinley started an overseas expansion, didn't go to the silver standard and helped stop the recession. The loss was a blow the Democrats and the populists. |
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