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HISTORY 1001
Ross - Midterm 2
135
History
Undergraduate 2
10/24/2011

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Cards

Term
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the Law of the Twelve Tables?

a. it established the jus gentium
b. publication of the laws encouraged citizens to settle cases amongst themselves
c. the Tables summarized existing customary law
d. knowledge of legal procedures, as described in the Tables, was empowering for plebeians
e. many specific laws were unfavorable to plebeians
Definition
it established the jus gentium
Term
What was the dominant language of the Greco-Roman culture?
Definition
Latin
Term
The Roman Empire was replaced by the Roman Republic by the end of the first century B.C.E. T/F
Definition
False
Term
Which of the following were NOT among the first converts to Christianity?

a. Rome's elites
b. women
c. slaves
d. Jews
e. merchants
Definition
Rome's elites
Term
The counterproductive practice of medical bloodletting was championed by
Definition
Galen.
Term
Which of these was NOT a major responsibility of the emperor under the Augustan system?

a. to subsidize foreign trade
b. to protect and expand imperial territory
c. to administer justice and provide good government
d. to serve as Pontifex Maximus, supervise the public worship of the gods of Rome
e. to be a symbol of unity for all the peoples of the Empire
Definition
Term
The "Year of the Four Emperors" was the result of
Definition
competition between Roman armies to put their commanders on the throne.
Term
Augustus' reforms of the army included
Definition
establishing regular terms of service and retirement benefits
Term
Between 114 C.E. and 117 C.E., Rome conquered and lost much of Mesopotamia and Armenia. T/F
Definition
True
Term
Syncretism is the practice of fusing together different administrative styles to produce a hybrid government. T/F
Definition
False
Term
Roman aristocratic women possessed some measure of political power, as demonstrated by their appearance on coins. T/F
Definition
True
Term
What are the Gospels?
Definition
the New Testament narratives of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, written 30 to 60 years after Jesus' death
Term
Which of the following was NOT one of the titles bestowed upon or taken by Octavian?

a. Emperor
b. Augustus
c. Consul
d. Tribune
e. Princeps
Definition
Emperor
Term
The Diaspora:
Definition
was the consequence of the raid on Judea by the Romans.
Term
Within the city of Rome, each adult male citizen received a daily food ration. T/F
Definition
True
Term
Gnostics rejected the material world and considered the body a prison for the human soul. T/F
Definition
True
Term
The emperors of the Antonine Age, beginning with Nerva, employed the tactic of adopting highly qualified heirs to be their successors. T/F
Definition
True
Term
The cult of the emperor was reinforced through
Definition
public works.
Term
Trade within the Empire was conducted primarily via the extensive network of Roman roads. T/F
Definition
False
Term
The Antonine Decree granted all citizens of the Empire equality under the law. T/F
Definition
False
Term
Romanization in the provinces was primarily conducted by
Definition
the army.
Term
Rome's Pantheon was built as a temple to all gods. T/F
Definition
True
Term
The only successful revolt against Roman rule was carried out by
Definition
Arminius.
Term
The greatest rival of early Imperial Rome was
Definition
the Parthian Empire.
Term
Peasant life in the Empire:
Definition
varied greatly.
Term
Under the Augustan imperial system, what was the primary function of the Senate?
Definition
to act as the administrative arm of imperial rule
Term
Hadrian's Wall was constructed to
Definition
protect Rome's frontier in Britain.
Term
The New Testament is the Jewish record of Jesus' life and teachings. T/F
Definition
False
Term
What marked the beginning of the Hellenistic period of western civilization?
Definition
the conquests of Alexander the Great
Term
What marked the beginning of the Hellenistic period of western civilization?
Definition
the conquests of Alexander the Great
Term
'Hellenistic'
Definition
describes the complex cosmopolitan civilization, based on that of greece, that developed in the wake of Alexander's conquests.
Term
People in the Hellenistic period used ________ as the common tongue in trade, politics, and intellectual life.
Definition
greek
Term
'barbarians'
Definition
derived from the greeks' description of people's language who didn't speak greek. (their language was "ba-ba" meaning unintelligible to greeks)
Term
What did Hellenism provide?
Definition
a cultural unity to an area stratching from europe in the west to afghanistan in the east.
Term
When did the Hellenistic era and age of independent Hellenistic kingdoms came to an end?
Definition
30 BCE
Term
What caused the end of the Hellenistic age?
Definition
when the roman ruler Octavian brought an end to the Ptolemaic dynasty, which had ruled Egypt since the death of Alexander. Rome then controlled almost all the states that had been established in the lands that Alexander had conquered.
Term
What happened after Rome ended the Hellenistic age?
Definition
Rome rose to power and blended greek culture with its own: greco-roman cultural synthesis, which rome transmitted to the lands it controlled, became the bedrock of civilization
Term
Why were Macedonians constantly ready for battle?
Definition
there was relentless warfare against wild Thracian and Illyrian tribes to the north and east.
Term
what tongue did Macedonians use?
Definition
a dialect of greek
Term
'pride' and 'arrogance'
Definition
hubris
Term
'blind pig-headedness'
Definition
ate
Term
bitter punishment of the gods
Definition
nemesis
Term
When did the peloponnesian war take place? Between whom and who won?
Definition
Athens and Sparta and 431-404 BCE
Term
Pylos
Definition
still in athenian hands
Term
taygetus
Definition
the highest mountain in laconia
Term
pherecrates a contemporary
Definition
a contemporary comic poet
Term
The Maccabeans violently rejected all Greek gods and customs. T/F
Definition
False
Term
Hellenistic philosophers conceptualized their discipline as having these three
branches.
Definition
logic, ethics, and the study of the natural world
Term
What was pastoral poetry, and what is its significance?
Definition
Pastoral verse describes idyllic rural settings, but the people experience tension and sadness like their urban contemporaries; Shakespeare, nineteenth-century Russians, and others have also written pastoral poetry.
Term
Euclid was a Hellenistic __________
Definition
mathematician.
Term
Which of the following is NOT true of the Hellenistic world?

a. The Persian Empire was politically dominant.
b. Alexander the Great was the model of a successful empire-builder.
c. Different cultures shared a common history, political system, and diplomatic etiquette.
d. It was cosmopolitan.
e. Greek was the common language, used for trade and intellectual life.
Definition
The Persian Empire was politically dominant.
Term
What is the best summary of the prevailing male view of the ideal woman in the Hellenistic period?
Definition
sexy but discreet
Term
Alexander's defeat in India marked the first time he lost a battle, and contributed to the demise of his empire. T/F
Definition
False
Term
Subjects of the Hellenistic kings understood that citizenship was shared by all people within the kingdom. T/F
Definition
False
Term
What factor was most responsible for the minimal direct trade between India and the Hellenistic world?
Definition
Arab middlemen tried to monopolize the trade.
Term
Hellenistic kings:
Definition
claimed a form of divine right.
Term
Celtic civilization:
Definition
flourished in Europe during the Hellenistic Age.
Term
Greeks considered all non-Greeks barbaric and uncivilized. T/F
Definition
True
Term
Priests in Hellenistic sanctuaries inflicted corporal punishment on criminals. T/F
Definition
False
Term
The baroque style of architecture was characterized by
Definition
a sense of motion, and emotional appeal.
Term
Archeologists have excavated early Celtic settlements in Hallstatt, Austria. T/F
Definition
True
Term
As of around 290 B.C.E., which of the following was NOT one of the successor kingdoms to Alexander the Great's empire?

a. Roman Republic
b. Antigonid Kingdom
c. Seleucid Kingdom
d. Pergamum
e. Ptolemaic Kingdom
Definition
Roman Republic
Term
Philip II:
Definition
unified Macedonia by controlling the local nobility.
Term
Epicureans believed
Definition
the rational pursuit of pleasure would help people gain tranquility in their troubled souls.
Term
Hellenistic cities were essentially just garrisons, meant to maintain the conquerors' power. T/F
Definition
False
Term
Greek poleis expanded their powers considerably during the Hellenistic Age, and became more independent. T/F
Definition
False
Term
In the Hellenistic age, Greek women
Definition
achieved more social and legal freedom.
Term
The conquests of Alexander the Great included
Definition
Egypt, Mesopotamia, Babylon, Persia.
Term
In Ptolemaic Egypt, women could lead military conquests. T/F
Definition
True
Term
Hellenistic era astronomy relied on the intersection of Middle Eastern and Greek
scholarly work. T/F
Definition
True
Term
What is the Septuagint?
Definition
the name for the translation of the Hebrew Bible into Greek by Alexandrian Jews
Term
Romans had little use for theaters. T/F
Definition
False
Term
In general, what differentiates Roman oratory from Greek oratory?
Definition
Roman oratory is blunter and more effective, while Greek oratory is more elegant and subtle
Term
During the Gallic Wars, approximately one million Celts were killed or enslaved. T/F
Definition
True
Term
The Forum served as the administrative and judicial headquarters of the city of Rome. T/F
Definition
True
Term
Government in the Roman Republic included the Centuriate Assembly, composed of
Definition
all of Rome's male citizens.
Term
What was the most significant way in which the governing institutions of the United States of America differed from those of the Roman Republic?
Definition
The Roman Senate had more influence and power than the U.S. Senate.
Term
After the Latin War, Rome required defeated peoples to
Definition
provide troops, and loyalty.
Term
Natural law, international law, and jus gentium all refer to the same basic concepts. T/F
Definition
True
Term
Like the Greeks, Rome excluded defeated peoples from citizenship, leading to ension and rebellion in the provinces. T/F
Definition
False
Term
After the Third Macedonian War,
Definition
Rome sold 150,000 people into slavery, destroyed 70 cities, and divided Macedon into four republics
Term
For what cause did wealthy women demonstrate in 195 B.C.E.?
Definition
repeal of the Oppian Law, which restricted women's wealth
Term
The Roman household was headed by a/an
Definition
paterfamilias
Term
Marc Antony emerged as victor when the Second Triumvirate split, and became master of the entire Roman world. T/F
Definition
False
Term
Patricians were members of aristocratic clans; they occupied the top of Republican Rome's social hierarchy. T/F
Definition
True
Term
The Pax Romana was a period of two centuries when the Mediterranean world experienced a nearly unbroken peace. T/F
Definition
True
Term
The First Triumvirate was responsible for
Definition
granting land to Pompey's troops in the Middle East and Asia Minor
Term
The reforms of the Gracchi included attempts to limit the power of the aristocracy and stop abuses of power in the provinces. T/F
Definition
True
Term
According to Polybius, the Roman Republic benefited from its mixture of
Definition
monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy.
Term
What cause did Tiberius Gracchus advocate?
Definition
redistribution of land
Term
What is a correct summary of the achievements of Hannibal?
Definition
In the Second Punic War, Hannibal led a surprise attack on Italy, marching across the Alps with 25,000 men and 18 elephants. Despite stunning victories, he was ultimately defeated by the Romans.
Term
Julius Caesar:
Definition
permanently ended the autonomy of the Senate.
Term
What geographic feature facilitated the development of the city of Rome?
Definition
Tiber River
Term
the republic
Definition
753 B.C.-31 B.C.E
Term
The “Empire:”
Definition
31 B.C.E.- 476 C.E
Term
Regal” period
Definition
753-510
Term
when did System of “Republican” self-rule
begin?
Definition
509 B.C.E
Term
Consuls
Definition
Chief magistrates and top generals (2 at a time; one-year terms
Term
People
Definition
(citizen body, voting in assemblies)
Term
Senate
Definition
Council of Elders; lifetime memberships (the real power in the state)
Term
battle of Allia:
Definition
390 B.C.E.: Disastrous defeat at the hands of Gallic mercenaries: A mournful date on the Roman calendar,Rome determined never to be taken by surprise again
Term
"Defensive imperialism”:
Definition
leads to Roman growth up to about 275 B.C.E
Term
fides
Definition
Bonds of loyalty
Term
Patricians
Definition
original aristocrats (ruling class after expulsion of Kings); hereditary membership
Term
Plebeians
Definition
the commoners (everyone else)
Term
“Struggle of the Orders:”
Definition
Plebeians demand political and civic rights
Term
“Patrician-Plebeian nobility”
Definition
Eventually (before 275 B.C.E.): the “Patrician-Plebeian nobility” (nobiles), ruling Rome together
Term
First Punic War:
Definition
264-241 B.C.E. (mainly fought in Sicily and at sea)

Rome becomes a naval power
Term
Second Punic War:
Definition
218-201 B.C.E. Hannibal’s route from Spain & across the Alps: shock and fear in Rome

Disastrous defeats in Italy: 218, 217, 216

Rome nearly collapses; rescued by P. Cornelius Scipio
Term
Third Punic War:
Definition
149-146 B.C.E.

50-year interlude: Roman paranoia, severe limitations on Carthage

Cato “the Censor” and his anti-Carthaginian propaganda

149: Rome attacks on a pretext

Carthage destroyed, 146 B.C.E. (by another P. Cornelius Scipio!)
Term
Conquest of the Eastern Mediterranean: More or less completed by
Definition
133 B.C.E.
Term
Cornelia
Definition
noble woman of the Middle Republic
Term
clientela
Definition
dependents
Term
the “social glue” of Roman society
Definition
fides
Term
Carthage destroyed
Definition
146 BCE
Term
Corinth destroyed
Definition
146 BCE
Term
Province of “Asia,”
Definition
133 BCE
Term
Ager publicus
Definition
(“commons,” public land)
Term
Latifundia
Definition
large estates
Term
“Deadly Inventions”:
Definition
Client armies & Proscriptions
Term
Proscriptions
Definition
(death lists)
Term
First Triumvirate:
Definition
59-54 BCE
Crassus, Julius Caesar & Pompey
Term
First Triumvirate accomplishments:
Definition
Pompey gets: favorable legislation; Caesar gets: major command

Caesar’s 10-year war of conquest in Gaul (modern France)
Term
The "Second Triumvirate":
Definition
Octavian, Mark Antony, Lepidus
Term
The "Second Triumvirate"
Partnership for political ends:
Definition
“justice,” vengeance, political advantage

A new round of bloody proscriptions
Term
Octavian vs. Antony and Cleopatra:
Definition
Victory at Actium, 31 B.C.E.
Term
Domus Aurea
Definition
(“Golden House”)
Term
Nero and the Great Fire
Definition
64 C.E.
Term
First persecution of Christians:
Definition
Nero
Term
Death at the hands of the “beasts:”
Definition
common punishment
Term
"Panem et circenses“
Definition
(bread and "circuses"): Entertainment & food
Term
"Excavating a tell"
Definition
(archaeological mound) to find the true Jesus
Term
Augustus "divi filius,"
Definition
son of a god
Term
Sepphoris
Definition
a major classical city
Term
The Essenes:
Definition
Producers of the Dead Sea Scrolls
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