Term
| Anthropologists use the term culture to describe |
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Definition
| the different ways that humans collectively adjust to their environment and understand their place in the world |
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Definition
| developed a rigorous system of justice codified in law. |
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Term
| What was the function of the Egyptian pyramids? |
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Definition
| They provided a resting place for the dead and a symbolic entryway to the next life. |
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Term
| The death and resurrection of the Egyptian god Seth symbolizes the natural cycles of regeneration and rebirth. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| An important justification for Egyptian imperialism was the belief that foreign lands were |
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Definition
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Term
| The approach of the Mesopotamians to justice demonstrated |
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Definition
| their commitment to fairness. |
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Term
| Sumerian cultural unity was based on political unification. T/F |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The most important contribution of the Sumerians was their development of writing. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| The Old Kingdom collapsed around 2200 B.C.E. due to |
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Definition
| unrest famine, the deterioration of royal authority, and a cycle of terrible droughts |
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Term
| New Kingdom Egypt extended north beyond the Euphrates River. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| Akkadian rule collapsed around 2250 B.C.E. |
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Definition
| for reasons historians do not fully understand, although civil war seems to have played a part. |
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Term
Which of the following statements about Hatshepsut is NOT true?
a. She ruled as regent for her son, Thutmose III.
b. Documents refer to her as a man.
c. She was often portrayed as a man.
d. Thutmose III eventually tried to erase evidence of her rule.
e. She took the title of pharaoh. |
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Term
| Hammurabi's law code ignored family law. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| The first civilizations sprang from |
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Definition
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Term
| The Neolithic Age is characterized by |
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Definition
| changes in food-production techniques. |
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Term
| European experimentation in metallurgy resulted in |
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Definition
| the development of long-distance trading networks. |
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Term
| Akhenaten's religion is best described as monotheistic. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| The practice of settled agriculture was generally accompanied by social stratification and gendered division of labor. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| The Epic of Gilgamesh helped spread the idea of a reward in the afterlife. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| According to Mesopotamian religious beliefs, |
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Definition
| natural deities, who controlled the volatile climate, had to be appeased. |
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Term
| The continuation of Egyptian culture depended primarily on control over |
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Definition
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Term
| The plow was invented in Mesopotamia around the end of the fifth century B.C.E. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| Why was civilization slower to develop in Europe than in Mesopotamia and the Levantine Corridor? |
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Definition
| Europe's colder, wetter climate made food production more difficult. |
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Term
| Neolithic communities engaged in the trade of turquoise to make tools such as arrowheads, spear points, and sickles for harvesting crops. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| Most historians believe that the Biblical account of the United Monarchy reflects a combination of tenth-century B.C.E. people and sixth-century B.C.E. events. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| The Minoan economy was based on |
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Definition
| sea trade and the export of luxury goods. |
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Term
| The first great civilizations of Europe were those of the Minoans and Mycenaeans. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the best overview of the status of the Hebrew Bible as a historical source? |
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Definition
| The texts were written long after the events described, but they correlate well enough with other sources that they can be used cautiously, in conjunction with other sources |
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Term
| Iron smelting led to new weapons, which led to larger empires T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| The Battle of Kadesh can best be described as |
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Definition
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Term
| The Hittite Empire featured |
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Definition
| military campaigns to expand Hittite power into Mesopotamia and Egypt. |
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Term
| The prophetic movement emphasized ritual as the path to God. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following statements is NOT true about the Neo-Babylonian Empire?
a. The city of Babylon was one of the wonders of the ancient world.
b. The main languages used in the empire were Aramaic and Hebrew.
c. Babylonian astronomers were able to predict eclipses.
d. They deported conquered peoples.
e. Neo-Babylonian rulers valued the past and restored ancient ruins. |
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Definition
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Term
| The Iliad and the Odyssey are factual accounts of the city of Troy and the Trojan War. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| Why did the Assyrians engage in frequent military campaigns? |
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Definition
| The massive standing army cost so much that military plunder was needed to support it. |
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Term
Characteristics of Western civilization that can be traced to the Hebrew legacy include all of the following EXCEPT
a. belief in progress.
b. Manifest Destiny.
c. capitalism.
d. scientific study of nature.
e. supreme law. |
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Definition
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Term
| The chief rival of Babylonia for dominance in Mesopotamia was |
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Definition
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Term
| Egypt played a central role in the economic, diplomatic, and cultural networks that shaped the International Bronze Age. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| During the Golden Age, Babylonia became renowned as a center of trade, culture and learning. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The smaller, southern kingdom of the Israelites in the period of the Divided Monarchy. |
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Term
| The Hittites spoke a Semitic language. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| Historians use the word "Jews" for the Hebrews who lived after which event? |
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Definition
| The completion of the Second Temple in Jerusalem. |
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Term
| The Late Bronze Age shipwreck off the coast of Uluburun revealed a prosperous world of international trade and cultural exchange. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| The Canaanite gods El and Ba'al were linked with the goddesses Asherah and Ashtart/Astarte. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
Which of these was NOT one of the zones connected by International Bronze Age trade and diplomacy networks?
a. Egyptian New Kingdom
b. Kassite Babylonian Empire
c. Hittite Empire
d. Roman Empire
e. the Hittites |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following did NOT contribute to the end of the International Bronze Age?
a. economic decline in the Hittite Empire
b. rebellions by displaced peasants
c. warfare among the kingdoms of Mycenaean Greece
d. migrations throughout the eastern Mediterranean
e. changes in ship-building techniques |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Syncretism can be defined as |
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Definition
| combining indigenous and foreign beliefs to create a new religious system. |
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Term
| The Phoenicians assumed power in the aftermath of the International Bronze Age through |
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Definition
| maritime commercial trade. |
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Term
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Definition
| temple to Athena located at the Acropolis. |
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Term
| Darius became Great King of Persia be killing Cyrus's son. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| Which groups of women did NOT play a role in public life in Greece in the Classical Age? |
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Definition
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Term
| During the course of the Classical Age, Greek paintings became |
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Definition
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Term
| Slaves accounted for one-third of the population of Athens. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| Which playwright was particularly talented at using comedy to provide social commentary? |
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Definition
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Term
| Greek drama served the function of |
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Definition
| examining the values of society and conveying vital lessons to the audience. |
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Term
| Solon's reforms of the political system in Athens |
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Definition
| limited the authority of the aristocracy and enabled more widespread participation in public life. |
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Term
| The Persian Empire was notorious for its ill treatment of its many minority ethnic groups. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| Hoplites were self-funded, heavily armed infantry, who entered battles in phalanxes. T/F |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The Greeks conceptualized their greatest gods as |
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Definition
| members of a large and fractious family. |
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Term
| Spartan civilization was built around |
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Definition
| the military, and distinct social hierarchies. |
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Term
During the Archaic Age of Greece, contact with the Near East yielded cultural
innovations such as |
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Definition
| the alphabet, new economic practices, and new deities. |
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Term
| At the Battle of Marathon, the Athenians delivered a stunning defeat to the outnumbered Persian forces. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| Tyrannies often became hereditary, and generally lasted for three or four generations. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| Zoroastrianism is a monotheistic religion that helped lay the foundations for Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| The victor in the Peloponnesian War was |
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Definition
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Term
| summary of the work and significance of Herodotus? |
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Definition
| Herodotus was a pioneer in investigating historical events and cultures, looking for general patterns and raising fundamental questions. |
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Term
| Democracy in the Athenian Empire peaked under the leadership of |
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Definition
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Term
| Classical art celebrated both the beauty and the flaws of the human form. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| Shared religious beliefs formed part of the Greek identity. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| is one example of the effective way the Persians managed their empire. |
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Term
Which of the following statements is NOT true about Greece during the Dark Age?
a. many people moved to cities for protection
b. Linear B writing disappeared
c. new settlements were more common in Ionia than on the mainland
d. population declined
e. agriculture declined |
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Definition
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Term
| The Iliad and the Odyssey were the original, fully fictional creations of the poet Homer. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| The Parthenon was damaged beyond repair |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| a self-governing community consisting of an urban center with an |
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Term
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Definition
Think of history as investigations. comes from greek word Historie = investigations
(picture of the past) |
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Term
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Definition
(ca. 450 B.C.E.)
father of history |
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Term
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Definition
| history starts with written history; but there is long period of human existence before writing was invented which is called prehistory |
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Term
The prehistorical period
(ages, dates) |
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Definition
-palaeolithic age (old stone age): 250,000 BCE (or earlier) - 10,000BCE
-hominids: "Lucy" looked more like monkey than human, but remains have been looked at as the earliest stages of evolution of the human species
-Neolithic Age (New Stone Age): 10,000 BCE-8,000 BCE
-"anatomatically modern humans" evolved from cro-magnons and neanderthals |
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Term
The Historical Period
(date) |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Stone Age Characteristics |
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Definition
-humans started in africa (ethiopia). made their way out of africa through great rift valley. slow process of out migration and depending on weather, flowing cattle drought, and finding out places that humans could inhabit.
-land mass between siberia and alaska did not exist this early on, yet studies show that humans did exist in the americas |
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Term
| Prehistoric Society-hunter/gatherer communities |
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Definition
-stone tools, artifacts bones (fossils) is only thing we really have left of them
-hunted and gathered for food. ate animals, gathered plants |
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Term
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Definition
| baskets could have been used to gather, but dont have evidence of reeds and such that would make baskets |
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Term
| The "standard view" of gender roles in the prehistoric society: |
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Definition
-men hunted to sustain family
-women gathered and took care of household and children |
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Term
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Definition
-desert kites found here
-fertile area where many civilizations arose |
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Term
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Definition
| in Syrian desert - could be evidence of hunting techniques. hills deliberately built to affect migratory patterns of animals. animals jumped cliff to be hunted easier. |
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Term
The Neolithic Revolution
(date, characteristics) |
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Definition
ca. 10,000-8,000 BCE
-people acted on observation that vegetable waste (seeds) grew other vegetables.
-agriculture independently discovered in different places.
-if roots were put down, didnt need to migrate |
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Term
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Definition
| can identify plants from seeds |
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Term
| where is the best farmland? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Who were the first true civilizations? |
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Definition
-sumer/sumeria
-mesopotamia - birthplace of civilization |
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Term
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Definition
-organized around religious concepts, structures, and personalities (priests, scribes, kings) held highest authority
-put on earth to serve God's needs.
-built temples called ziggurats that served religious purposes
-system of writing - cuneiform: symbols in triangle forms
-originally, writing was for record keeping, then used for love letters and religion. (3,000 BCE) |
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Term
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Definition
| hero trying to understand life in the story. man telling it is named Utnapishtim, a very old man, who has answers about life and death. |
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Term
| mesopotamia included which people: |
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Definition
| sumer, akkadians, assyrians, babylonians, and hittites |
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Term
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Definition
Hammurabi's code of law (1700 BCE)
-ham great conqueror, imposed own deity as main god of the state and claimed to have received code of laws from god, Shamash, the god of the sun
-covered economy, marital relations, criminals, treaty laws |
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Term
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Definition
-dry desert with a river running through it. fertile farmland near river valley
-herodotus tells us that egypt was the gift of the nile as a country and civilization, could not exist without nile
-southern part is called north egypt and vise versa
-difficult to invade, only one entrance
regularity of nile flooding in summer, very dependable
-wrote on papyrus: first paper made with reeds
-wrote using hieroglyphics - "priest carvings"
-people couldnt translate until rosetta stone was found, deciphered by Champollion in 1800s |
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Term
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Definition
-life revolved around rivers
"Maat": right order of existence, harmony, justice.
-priesthood was very important: ruled in relation to king
-religious hierarchy held importance throughout history
-pyramids: religious monuments
-unification of upper and lower egypt: menes, first pharoh, united the two
-believed in large number of gods (isis, osirus, horus: trinity gods renewal of river. ptah: god of death. anubis: jack headed god.)
-afterlife, mummification |
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Term
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Definition
-early dynastic perdiod (3100-2700 BCE)
-old kingdom: dynasties 3-6 (2700-2200)
-first intermediate period: dynasties 7-10 (2200-2050)
-middle kindgom: dynasties 11-12 (2050-1652)
second intermediate period: dynasties 13-17 (1652-1567 BCE)
-new kingdom: dynasties 18-20 (1587-1085 BCE) |
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Term
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Definition
| homeland of the hebrews who later become the jews |
|
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Term
| where did abraham come from? |
|
Definition
| mesopotamie and landed in palestine where he got messages from god |
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Term
| primary belief of the hebrews |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| flood story similar to noahs ark. in noahs ark, god wanted to wipe away people of sin and corruption. in gilgamesh, the gods wiped out all living things on a whim. difference between worldview of sumerians and hebrews: hebrews believed there god really wanted his people to be good people |
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Term
| when does israel become a unified maonarchy? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| when was the kingdom of israel destroyed? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| when was jerusalem destroyed? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what is Iliad the story of? |
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Definition
the trojan war
big expedition planned by agamemnon to punish the trojans for the horrible wrong the had done. paris kidnapped helen of troy, most beautiful girl in the world. the usage of the trojan horse was odysseus' idea |
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Term
| odyssey tells the story of: |
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Definition
| odysseus's wanderings for ten years before he got back home. |
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Term
| theme of iliad and odyssey: |
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Definition
| idea of wrath of achilles. |
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Term
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Definition
-dominant from 1400-1200 BCE
-could write in cuneiform
came into conflict with egypt |
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Term
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Definition
| Greek infantrymen (farmers & amateur soldiers) |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| Training/education system, from the age of 7 |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| The most heroic character in Spartan history |
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Term
| Context of King Leonidas leadership: |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
(490 - 479 B.C.E.)
Confrontation of Greece with Darius and Xerxes, Kings of Persia |
|
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Term
Battle of Marathon:
(date) |
|
Definition
| 490 B.C.E. (Athenians & Plataeans repulse Persians) |
|
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Term
| When and where was the death stand of Leonidas? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Athens takes the lead again; Persians are brought low |
|
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Term
|
Definition
479 B.C.E.: Last major battle in Greece
Ultimate victory over the Persians |
|
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Term
| Legacy of the Persian Wars: |
|
Definition
| Renewed confidence in Greek martial abilities |
|
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Term
| which is the story about the trojan war and the reasoning behind it with the stollen girl? |
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Definition
| "a fateful quarrel" - homer |
|
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Term
| which is the story about the trojan war about the man and his son as the father went off to war? |
|
Definition
| "forebodings of doom" - homer |
|
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Term
| which is the story about the great flood and the man who failed to live forever? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| which is the story about laws? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| which is the story about the culture of sparta? (currency, eating habits) |
|
Definition
| Plutarch - "Sparta's Peculiar Society" |
|
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Term
| which is the story of the rich man who wants to hear he is the happiest man but only hears that a man can only be happy if he dies happy as well? |
|
Definition
| "East meets west" - herodotus |
|
|
Term
| which is the story of the rich man who wants to hear he is the happiest man but only hears that a man can only be happy if he dies happy as well? |
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Definition
| "East meets west" - herodotus |
|
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Term
| which is the story about the battle at the trojan war and the deaths that occurred? |
|
Definition
| "thermopylae: the last stand of the spartans" - herodotus |
|
|
Term
| what is the story of the first hand accounts of a huge war? |
|
Definition
| thucydides - "the causes of the peloponnesian war" |
|
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Term
| which is the story about the dead? |
|
Definition
| thucydides - "pericles' funeral oration" |
|
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Term
| which is the book about understanding a war that ended up never really being a war? |
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Definition
| thucydides - "the melian dialogue" |
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