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| First permanent English settlement |
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| Declaration of Independence |
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| Constitution of the United States |
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| President Thomas Jefferson purchased the Louisiana Territory from France |
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| Civil War was fought from… |
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| Where were the first shots of the American Revolution fired? |
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| Lexington & Concord, Massachusetts in April, 1775 |
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| Site where the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution were written |
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| Independence Hall, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
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| Turning point of the American Revolution |
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| George Washington’s troops defeated the British at this location to end the American Revolution |
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| Where were the first shots of the Civil War fired? |
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| Fort Sumter, South Carolina |
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| Turning point in the Civil War for the North |
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| Capture of this town by the North in 1863 gave the Union control of the Mississippi River |
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| Small Virginia town where Robert E. Lee surrendered the Confederate Army to Ulysses S. Grant to end the Civil War |
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| Economic theory that a country’s strength is measured by the amount of gold it has, that a country should sell more than it buys and that the colonies exist for the benefit of the Mother Country |
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| Person who wanted to end slavery in the United States |
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| Tax on goods brought into a country |
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| Tax placed on goods from another country to protect the home industry |
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| Strong sense of loyalty to a state or section instead of to the whole country |
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| Belief that the United States should own all of the land between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans |
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| Campaign against the sale or drinking of alcohol |
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| System of government in which voters elect representatives to make laws for them |
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| Representative Government |
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| Nation in which voters choose representatives to govern them |
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| First representative assembly in the new world |
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| Legislative Branch, Judicial Branch, and Executive Branch |
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| Three Branches of Government |
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| System set up by the Constitution in which each branch of the federal government has the power to check, or control, the actions of the other branches |
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| Freedom of private businesses to operate competitively for profit with minimal government regulation |
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| Sharing of power between the states and the national government |
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| System in which each branch of the government has its own powers |
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| Practice of allowing each territory to decide for itself whether to allow slavery |
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Rights that cannot be given up, taken away, or transferred
Examples: Life, liberty, pursuit of happiness |
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| Cruel and unjust government |
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| Form of government that is run for and by the people, giving people the supreme power |
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| Right of the Supreme Court to judge laws passed by Congress and determine whether they are constitutional or not |
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| Refusal to obey a government law or laws as a means of passive resistance because of one’s moral conviction or belief |
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| Supporters of the Constitution who favored a strong national government |
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| People opposed to the Constitution, preferring more power be given to the state governments than to the national government |
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| Idea of a state declaring a federal law illegal |
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Original records of an event
Examples: Eyewitness reports, letters, speeches, photographs, artifacts |
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| Attitude toward society in the late 1700s based on the belief that the good virtue and morality of the people was essential to sustain the republican form of government |
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| Era in which a change from household industries to factory production using powered machinery took place |
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| First document, signed in 1215 by King John of England, that limited the power of the ruler |
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| Signed by William and Mary, this document protected the rights of English citizens and became the basis for the American Bill of Rights |
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| Document written by Thomas Jefferson, declaring the colonies independence from England |
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| Declaration of Independence |
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First American constitution--
very weak document that limited the power of the Congress by giving states the final authority over all decisions |
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| Articles of Confederation |
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| Sets out the laws and principles of the government of the United States |
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Constitution of the
United States |
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| Advised the United States to stay “neutral in its relations with other nations” and to avoid “entangling alliances” |
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George Washington’s
Farewell Address |
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Foreign policy statement by
President James Monroe stating:
1) the U.S. would not interfere in European affairs
2) that the western hemisphere was closed to colonization and/ or interference by European nations |
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| Ended the French and Indian War and effectively kicked the French out of North America |
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| Ended the American Revolution and forced Britain to recognize the United States as an independent nation |
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| Policy of establishing the principles and procedures for the orderly expansion of the United States |
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| Agreement signed in 1620 by the Pilgrims in Plymouth, to consult each other about laws for the colony and a promise to work together to make it succeed |
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| Series of essays written by James Madison, John Jay, and Alexander Hamilton, defending the Constitution and the principles on which the government of the United States was founded |
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| Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine to convince colonists that it was time to become independent from Britain |
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| First ten amendments to the Constitution that detail the protection of individual liberties |
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| Short speech given by Abraham Lincoln to dedicate a cemetery for soldiers who died at the Battle of Gettysburg. It is considered to be a profound statement of American ideals. |
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| Issued by Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, setting all slaves in the Confederate states free |
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| Emancipation Proclamation |
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| Stated that, “no state…can lawfully get out of the Union,” but pledged there would be no war unless the South started it |
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| Lincoln’s First Inaugural Address |
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| Meant to help heal and restore the country after four years of Civil War |
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| Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address |
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| Created two houses of Congress: One based on population, the other gave equal representation to each state |
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| Member of the Sons of Liberty who started the Committee of Correspondence to stir public support for American independence |
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| Inventor, statesman, diplomat, signer of the Declaration of Independence and delegate to Constitutional Convention |
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| King of England who disbanded the colonial legislatures, taxed the colonies, and refused the Olive Branch Petition leading to the final break with the colonies |
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| Wrote the Declaration of Independence; became the 3rd President of the United States and purchased the Louisiana territory, doubling the size of the United States |
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| Wrote pamphlets like Common Sense and The Crisis to encourage American independence and resolve |
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| Leader of the Continental Army who became the first President of the United States |
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| Leader of the original Democratic Party and a “President of the people”. He was also responsible for the Trail of Tears, which forced Native Americans west of the Mississippi River |
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| South Carolina Congressman and Senator who spoke for the South before and during the Civil War |
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| Powerful Kentucky Congressman and Senator who proposed the American System and the Compromise of 1850 |
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| Massachusetts Congressman and Senator who spoke for the North and the preservation of the Union |
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| President of the Confederacy during the Civil War |
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| General of the Union Army and was responsible for winning the Civil War for the North |
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| General of the Confederate Army |
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| 16th President of the United States who successfully put the Union back together only to be assassinated 5 days after the Civil War ended |
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| Leader of the Federalists, first Treasurer of the United States, creator of the Bank of the U.S., and killed in a duel by the Vice President of the United States, Aaron Burr |
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| Passionate patriot who became famous for his fiery speeches in favor of American independence. His most famous quote included the words, “Give me liberty or give me death!” |
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| Considered to be the “Father of the Constitution” |
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| Former slave who became the best-known black abolitionist in the country |
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| Author of the Monroe Doctrine, which shut down the western hemisphere to European expansion or interference |
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| Escaped slave who became a Conductor on the Underground Railroad and helped over 300 slaves to freedom in the North |
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| Organized the Seneca Falls Convention creating the Women’s Rights Movement in the United States |
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| “Congress shall make no law” restricting freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition.” |
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| Guarantees the right of states to organize militias, or armies, and the right of individuals to bear arms |
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| Forbids the government to order private citizens to allow soldiers to live in their homes |
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| Requires that warrants be issued if property is to be searched or seized (taken) by the government |
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| Protects an accused person from having to testify against him or herself; bans double jeopardy; and guarantees that no person will suffer the loss of life, liberty, or property without due process of law |
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| Guarantees the right to a speedy public trial by an impartial jury; the right to a lawyer; the right to cross examine witnesses; and the right to force witnesses at a trial to testify |
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| Guarantees the right to a jury trial in civil suits |
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| Prohibits cruel and unusual punishment and excessive bail or fines |
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| States that the people have rights other than those specifically mentioned in the Constitution |
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| States that powers not given to the federal government belong to the states |
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Guarantees citizenship and rights to all people born or naturalized in the
United States |
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| Guarantees the right to vote to all citizens regardless of race |
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| 1803 Court decision that gave the Supreme Court the right to determine whether a law violates the Constitution. It set up the principle of judicial review. |
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| Supreme Court decision that said slaves were property and not citizens |
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| Invention by Eli Whitney that speeded the cleaning of cotton fibers and in effect, increased the need for slaves |
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Use by Robert Fulton revolutionized transportation and trade in the
United States |
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Later writings and interpetations of historians and writers
Examples: Textbooks and articles that provide summaries of information found in primary resources |
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