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Said that the United States had an obligation to occupy all if North America!
Used thereafter to encourage American settlement of Eupoean colonial and Indian Lands in the Great Plains and West and moer generally as a justification for American empire |
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| First Used the phrase Manifest Destiny to urge the Annexation of Texas |
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| Obstacles in the way of expansion |
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Definition
| Why in manifest destiny did we want to kick foreign powers and Native Americans out? |
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| Mainly Westward expansion- different reasons for wanting to go west though |
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Definition
| What was the main concern of Manifest Destiny? |
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| Movement democratized American Christianity and promoted membership increases among Methodists and Baptists |
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Religious leaders were alarmed by low church attendance in young republic; popular religious revivals swept over the country and expanded.
Also Stressed the right of private judgement in spiritual matters and possiblility of universal salvation through good works.
Added a underpinning religious celebration to slef improvement |
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Definition
| What Happened in the Second Great Awakening? |
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This arose in the 1830's and was a socail movement of the pre-civil war.
*Demanded immediate emancipation of the slaves and their incorporation into American society as equal citizens. |
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| Was a free black that wrote An Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World. Supporter of Abolitionism. |
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| After the war of 1812 there was an outbust of nationalism and pride. this was a plan proposed to unite America together. |
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1. A protevtive Tariff- tax on imported and exported goods, this was to protect american economy
2. Second National Bank- this made the money supply stable and a common currancy
3. International Improvements- this would be federal fincancing of improved roads and canals. |
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Definition
| What were the 3 pillars in the American system |
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Term
(in breif the person who recieved most votes didnt win the presidency)
Jackson recieved most votes but none of the canidates recieved a majority of the electoral votes.
CLay recieved the leaset amount of votes and was eliminated.
The choice between the other three Canidates was left to the House of Reps.
Clay- who was in the House gave his support to Adams (beleiving he would be the most likey to promote the American system which was proposed by Clay)
Adams won- and Clay became the secretary of State under Adams. This looked as though Adams had made a corrupt Bargin for a gov. position. |
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Definition
| What happened in the Corrupt Bargain Election of 1824? |
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Whig Party- supporters of Jackson and Crawford.
Democratic Party- supporters of Adams and Clay |
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Definition
| What two parties emerged from the Corrupt Bargain Elcetion of 1824? |
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The tariff of 1828 raised taxes on imported goods made of wool and other raw materials (like iron). This upset the south because all these things were made in the North and this Tax would benefit the North causing the south to buy from them.
North Carolina was especially againt paying these taxes and threatened to nullify, it making it void in their state.
This caused a conflict because it was against sovereignty of the federal govenment and gave more power back to the states.
Result= (Calhoun abandoned the Democratic Party for the Whigs, and united with Clay and Webster- these 3 had pretty much nothnig in common besides hating Jackson) |
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Definition
| What happened in The Secession Crisis of 1828-33? |
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Term
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| What did the Secession Crisis of 1828-33 lead to? |
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Nicholas Biddle- headed monster bank
Biddle had a "monster bank" that could "destroy" state banks.
Biddle convinced congress to approve a bill extending the "monster bank's" charter for 20 more years.
Jackson did not want this big bank because he distrusted bankers for their tnedancy to over issue paper money.
Jackson was the first to --VETO this bill going against congress
Jackson claimed to be a rep of all people not just the rich- winning him another term in office- the Whigs were upset with him going against congress saying that congress was the Rep of peole not just the president. |
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Definition
What Happened in the Bank War?
Who Headed the "monster bank"?
What was Jackson the first to do? |
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was a book written that portayed slaves as sympathetic Christians at the mercy of slaveholders.
Was a powerful human appeal for Anti Slavery and Abolition. |
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Harriet Beecher Stowe- Wrote it
Josiah Henson- autobiography |
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Definition
Who wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin?
To some extent modeled the autobiography of who? |
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Definition
| Who was the President of Confederate during the Civil War? |
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| The Statue would be of a woman wearing a liberty cap. Jefferson said that acient romans regarded the cap as "the badge of the freed slave." He felt that the cap would sugest a connection with backs who were slaves wanting freedom and liberty of free born Americans. |
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Definition
| Why did Jefferson Davis object to the Statue of Freedom? |
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| It showed how by the mid 1850's nearly every public question was being swept into the gathering storm of slavery. |
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| What was important about Jefferson Davis' objection to the Statue of Freedom? |
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| Was a morman leader that lead followers to present day Utah and practiced Polygamy. |
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| Their practice of polygamy revealed the limits of religious toleration in the 19th century. |
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| What was important about Brigham Young and his followers? |
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| called for “reannexation” of Texas and “reoccupation” of all of Oregon |
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| reduce tariffs, establish independent treasury system (banks),bring California to Union, And settle dispute over ownership of Oregon. |
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Definition
| What were some of the goals of James Polk? |
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| This was a disagreement on the boundary lines of Texas. Americans wanted Texas to sell them California but Mexico refused. So American army launched Attacks on Mexico and did so until they would negoiate with The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. |
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Definition
| What Happened in the Mexican War? |
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| It confirmed the annexation of Texas and ceded California, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada and Utah into the United States for $15 million (paid to Mexico). |
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Definition
| Ending the Mexican War, What was decided from the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo? |
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Term
| Proof of White superiority |
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Definition
| What did the gain of land in the Mexican War demonstrate? |
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Term
Gadsens Purchase was additional Land bought from Mexico after the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in the southern portion of Arizona and New Mexico.
Was used/bought for the SOuthern Pacific Railroad's Transcontinental Route. SOuthern's thought that a railroad connecting them with the Pacific Coast would increase trade. |
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Definition
What was the Gadsden Purchase?
What was it used for? |
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Term
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| Was a proposal to prohibit slavery in any land acquired in the Mexican War |
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1. Northerns supported and South opposed
2. It was Passed in the House (because the North had the majority in the House), but failed in the senate (where the states were rep. equally)--Because didnt have support of House and Senate it did not go into effect. |
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Definition
1. who supported the Wilmot Provisio and who opposed?
2. What happened to the Wilmot Provisio? |
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Term
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| Allowed settlers in a new territories to decide the slavery issue for themselves |
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| What was the Program most closely associated with Senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois who hoped for a transcontinental railroad to go across North and through his hometown of Chicago |
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Stephen A Douglas- Chicago was his hometown
2. said it embodied the idea of local self-government and offered a middle ground between the extremes of the North and South. |
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Definition
Who wanted a Transcontinental railroad to go across the North and through Chiago?
2. Why did he want popular Soverignty? |
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| Southerns saw it as a victory and thought it would lead to the repeal of the MO Compromise. |
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| What did Southerns think of Popular Sovereignty? |
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| **What was a Complex compromise devised by Senator Henry Clay that admitted California as a free state |
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1. Califorina would enter the Union as a free state.
2. Slave trade (but not slavery itself) would be abolished in the nations capital
3. A new land law would allow southerners to reclaim runaway slaves
4. The slavery issue status of the remaining land from Mexico would be decided by the local White inhabitants |
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Definition
| The Compromise had 4 main provisions, what were they? |
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| This called for the return of runaway slaves by law |
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| *Northern officials could not stop them from collecting slaves; it was just another way to divide country |
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Definition
| What was significant about the Fugitive Slave Act? |
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Term
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Definition
Gave federal government authority in cases involving run-away slaves
-Allowed special federal commissioners to determine the fate of fugitives without trial or a testimony by the accused |
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| These two states were in the path of Westward Expansion but Under the MO compromise slavery was prohibited in these States. Douglas proposed a Bill that repealed the prohibitation of slavery in Kansas and Nebraska and it became law. |
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Definition
| What happened with the Kansas Nebraska Act? |
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| Law that allowed newly organized territories north of MO Border decide slavery issue itself. Lead to much violence over the idea of pop sov. |
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| The violence between slavery and anti slavery settlers in Kansas, discredited DOuglous policy |
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| Lawrence and Pottawatomie, KS |
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Definition
Settlers from free states established a rival government and a civil war broke out in Kansas
-1856: proslavery mob attacked Lawrence
-Brown and followers murdered five proslavery settlers at Pottawatomie Creek |
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Term
Charles was an anti slavery senator.
Brooks was the man who beat him |
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| Who was Charles Sumner? Who was Preston Brooks? |
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| case in which slave suied for freedom but lost. |
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| John Brown's raid on Harpers fairy |
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| An armed assult on a federal arsenal, murdered 5 proslavery settlers |
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1. Capture Richmond Virginia- this is the capital of the confederacy
2. Cease control of the Mississippi River- wanted to grab the major transportation route
3. Naval Blockade- didn’t want the south to have trade with the outside world so they blocked the coast. |
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Definition
| Three goals of Anaconda plan? |
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Term
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| First significant engagement of the Civil War took place on July 21, 1861, at Manassas Junction, Virginia, at which Union troops quickly retreated |
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| Leading Southern commander, brilliant battlefeild tactician |
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| One of the bloodiest battles of the Civil War, fought to a standoff on September 17, 1862, in western Maryland |
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| **Union general who led North against Lee’s army (Confederate) and ultimately to victory |
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Surprise Confederate attack at Shiloh, Tennessee
-Union withstood but momentum in the West was then stalled |
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Authorized Congress to grant 160 acres of public land to a western settler; had to live on the land for five years to establish title
-Issued in an effort to spur agricultural development
-Issued same day as Emancipation Proclamation; tried to implement a vision of freedom
-To encourage people (farmers) to move West, but people were hesitant because of Indian populations |
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| The Confederate’s defeat and the simultaneous loss at Vicksburg marked the military turning point of the Civil War |
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| was a turning point in the war because it gave the Union control of the Mississippi River |
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In 1865, abolished slavery throughout the entire Union
-Introduced the word “slavery” into the Constitution for the first time
-Made Emancipation Proclamation formal |
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| Reconstruction agency established in 1865 to protect the legal rights of former slaves and to assist with their education, jobs, health care, and landowning |
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-Lincoln’s successor who supported emancipation but held deeply racist views
-Passed a series of proclamations including Black Codes and put prominent Confederate whites in power
-Turned North against him |
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Type of farm tenancy that developed after the Civil War in which landless workers – often former slaves – farmed land in exchange for farm supplies and a share of the crop
-Get land from landowner, you end up with little piece for self – bare minimum; everything you grow goes to someone else – creates debt
-System was rigged and treated blacks almost worse than slaves |
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-Group within the Republican Party in the 1850s and 1860s
-Advocated strong resistance to expansion of slavery, opposition to compromise with the South in secession crisis of 1860-1861 emancipation and arming of black soldiers during the Civil War and equal civil and political rights for blacks during Reconstruction
-Did not support plan of Reconstruction—Andrew Johnson |
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**Empowered the federal government to protect the rights of all Americans; made federal government sovereign over the states
Did NOT grant blacks the right to vote; however, it said that if a state denied the vote to any group of men, that state’s representation in Congress would be reduced
-Introduced “male” to the Constitution |
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COngress said president couldnt remove anyone without concent of congress.
Did it anyway but was not impeached, although his trial was the first in history |
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Definition
| What was Johnson's Impeachment? |
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-Voting rights for black men over 20 years old
-Democratic party bitterly opposed it |
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Term
| The Disputed Election of 1877 |
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| To resolve this, Congress appointed a 15 member Electoral Commission (Republicans had 8-7 majority) |
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| vertically integrated steel company |
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| **Act broke tribes and distributed small parcels of land with no resources to Indian families to become citizens – did not work because they did not want to change |
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| **Marked end of conflict with Indians |
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| justified class distinctions suvival of the fitest |
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-Legalized Jim Crow laws that required separate facilities for blacks and whites\
**Created Federal laws vs. State laws---Said that racism was okay |
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| -Immigration Restriction League called for reducing immigration by barring the illiterate from entering |
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| Led to the emergence of America as a world power |
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| Humanize industrial capitalism and find common ground in society (minimum wage, 8 hour days, child labor laws) |
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| Used journalistic skills to expose the underside of American life |
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| **Held that the US had the right to exercise “an international police power” in the Western Hemisphere |
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| **Self-determination for all nations, freedom of the seas, free trade, open diplomacy, the readjustment of colonial claims with colonized people given “equal weight” in deciding their futures, and the creation of a “general association of nations” to preserve the peace |
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| **Ratified in 1920, ending the long struggle and barred states from using sex as a qualification for the suffrage granting women right to vote (27th country to allow this) |
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| Prohibited spying and interfering with the draft and “false statements |
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| Harsh document that all but guaranteed future conflict in Europe |
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| African American literary and artistic movement of the 1920s centered in New York City’s Harlem district |
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| Because of the Great Depression |
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Definition
| Why did we need the New Deal? |
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Term
• National Industrial Recovery Act
• Civilian Conservation Corps (764)
• Social Security Act
• The Social Security System |
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Definition
| What was included in the New Deal |
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Term
| National Industrial Recovery Act |
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Definition
| Establish National Recovery Administration which worked with business leaders to help set standards for output, prices, and working conditions |
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Term
| National Industrial Recovery Act |
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Definition
| Establish National Recovery Administration which worked with business leaders to help set standards for output, prices, and working conditions |
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Term
| Civilian Conservation Corps |
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Definition
-Half of wage was sent home to parents - $15 to you, $15 to parents
-Giving money to poor people helps circulate money in the economy |
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Definition
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Term
| Congress of Industrial Organizations |
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| -Umbrella organization of semi-skilled industrial unions, formed in 1935 as the Committee for Industrial Organization and renamed in 1938---Unskilled workers wanted to join a union, to gain the benefits. Easier to negotiate wages. |
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