Who: Samuel de Chaplain established Quebec up the St. Lawrence valley

What: Chaplain made alliances with the natives and set up trade the french would trade textiles, glass, copper, and ironware for otter, raccoon and beaver pelts. Also French sent Jesuits, member of the Society of Jesus to Canada to convert the Indians.

Where: Canada

When: early 1600's

So what (significance):The settling of this area by the french helped the french to persue their economic, religios and strategic objectives. It also created conflict between the natives.

Who: Spain's new colonies were governed by a small army of officials, soldiers, lawyers and catholic bishops who were all appointed by and loyal to the Spainish crown.  

What: It regulated every aspect of economic and social life. Spaniards were a very small part of the population but it did not stop them from being successful

Where: The small army was headquarted in Mexico City( also known as Tenochtitlan)

When: 1520's -1540's

So What (significance): Spain's colonies were extremely successful especially when silver and 1/5 of all silver went to the spanish crown. It caused local towns to grow rapidly.

Who:Mayas

What:built cities that were filled with palaces, bridges, aqueducts, baths, astronomical observatories, and pyramids topped with temples. 900 CE Mayas collapesed either because of military attack or an exhaustion of natural resources.

Where:The lowland jungles of Mesoamerica

When:the third through nineth century CE

So What (significance):Priests developed a written language, mathematicians discovered the zero, and astronomers developed a highly accurate calendar.

Who:Aztecs

What: The aztects ruled a wide empire from their capital at Tenochtitlan with a quarter of a million people and a large plaza in the center that is boardered with palaces, with high trade, and extremely advanced technology.

Where:valley of Mexico, central Mexico

When: mid thriteenth century

So What (significance):The aztecs were a successfull and fluroshing empire.

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Who:Christopher Columbus

What:Columbus asks King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella to finance his journey to Asia through a westaward route giving them an advantage over Portugal. Finaly in 1492 the king and queen granted Columbus' request.

Where: From spain across the atlantic to Newfound land what he thought was an island off the coast of Japan, the asian isles.

When:1492

So What (significance):Columbus had found a new to european lan and decided that the simple colonies should be ruled not parternered with. It was a great addition to Spain's growning empire.

Who: western african slaves

What:sugar plantations were largest draw as it was a crop that had a large economic potenial, but was extremely labor intensive, and exhausted the soil quickly.

Where:east atlantic islands

When:1484-1488

So What (significance):African slavery quickly spread in areas were there were a lot of sugar plantations. Slavery of Africans increased with Columbus's journey west to the Americas.

Who:Virgina Company of London

What: 104 men and boys were the first expedition and set up fort in a wooded marshy area that was the breeding ground for malaria and other diseases that weakened and killing the settlers.

Where: an island peninsula off the coast of Virginia

When:1607

So What (significance):The settlers did not know how to grow crops and were not into physical labor so the natives were bullied for food and even after that only 60 people out of 500 settlers survived the winter of 1609-1610

Who:mostly young men and women from england who were looking for work since most farms in england were being turned into pastures.

What:people looking for work would sign indetures which prominsed them abundant land and riches once they had finished their 4 to 7 year terms.

Where:Virginia

When:1620's

So What (significance):This was a way for Virginia to gain more servants and laborers and hopefully more people to settle the area. Unfortunately most indetured servants did not live to see the end of their term.

Separatists

Who:Devout congregationalists who concluded that the Church of England was too corrupt to be reformed. They abandoned Anglican worship and met secretly in small congreations.

What:Suffered persecution by the government (fines imprisionment and sometimes execution). They were a small minority amoung the Puritan movement and came from backgrounds of craftworkers and farmers

Where:New England (Plymouth)

When:1620's

So What (significance): 88 separatist"pilgrams" landed in Massachusetts and later they set up the first government that was later used to contruct the Mayflower compact.

Congregationalists

Who:people who believed that each congregation should conduct its own affairs independently, answering to no other authority.

What:people opposed to answering to another authority outside of the church

Where:New England

When:1603

So What (significance): It created the idea that the Church of England was not pure because of its Roman Catholicism "corruption" and the clergy were "dumb doggies" to the puritans.

Who:the Massachusetts Bay company governer and a tough-minded and visionary lawyer.

What: Stockholders and a group of women and men to settle the town

Where:Plymouth Massachusetts

When:1630's

So What (significance):Winthrop and the other stockholders created a framework of governemnt for the colony called the General colony that could levy taxes make laws establish courts and make war and peace. Then ten years this system was reformed with a lower and upper house of the Bay Colony legislature.This helped the Puritans in their quest to shape society, church and state to their liking.

Who:the Pilgrams

What:it was a framework for the colony's government that was drawn up aboard ship before they landed. There was a governor ans assistants who would advise him. The members of the government would be elected annually by Plymouth's adult males.

Where:Aboard the Mayflower ship before it landed in Plymouth

When:During the mid 1620's

So What (significance):This was the first form of government and law for the colonies and it would set the guidelines for the future.

Who: American Colonists

What:created a government that mirrored the English constitution. Americans had representative governors and a bicameral legislature with an assembly(lower house) and a counsil(upper house).

Where:American Colonies

When:late 1690's tp early 1700's

So What (significance):American colonial government was very different from English government an exampling being that royal governors had more power than the English Crown. Governors could veto laws passed by assembles, could dissolveassembles, create courts and dismiss judges. but when they asserted their full power the people objected. They could also levy taxes. Also as more people owned land more people could vote and legislature could not buy votes.

17th Century Colonial Migration Patterns?

89?

Who:English Immigrants

What:They immigranted to the colonies because of persecution.

Where:The colonies from england some 21,000 people came overseas.

When:1630-1642

So What (significance):The immigrants created a strong ordered society that was modeled on Scripture. Tightly knit communities and family institutions were created that were similar to what the colonists had known in England.

Who:The pueblos were being abused and treated horribly by the Spanish who had control over their profits and for some their lives. The revolt was lead by a man named Pope who was whipped by spanards for suspicion of leading a revolt.

What:Indians from across New Mexico rose up and began killing Spaniards. The survivors fled to Santa Fe who were followed by Pope and his army. They captured the town and weeks later the governor and the rest of the town fled south of new mexico.

Where:Spanish Colony in New Mexico

When:Aug 10, 1680

So What (significance):It was the most successful pan-indian uprising in North American history as it sent shock waves throughout Spanish America and left the Catholic devout agonizing over what they had done wrong.

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