caudal vena cava

walls are thin, poorly defined layers

tunica interna- endothelial layer of cells and a thin subendothelial layer of collagen and elastic fibers

tunica media has 2-4 layers of smooth muscle and elastin/collagen

tunica adventia- thickest layer, long/spiral SM cells, bundles of elastic/collagen to maintain wall tension

can also see vasa vasorum

What are some obvious features to differentiate between arteries and veins?

(histologically)

-thickness of tunica media

-arteries hold shape, veins tend to collapse

-veins have a larger collagen to elastin ratio allowing for distention with little recoil

Liver of a dog

note the portal venules, hepatic arterioles, and bile ducts.

endothelial cells lining the sinusoids are discontinous, allowing plasma but not blood cells to pass out of the vessel to bathe the hepatocytes

sinusoids lack uniform shape or diameter

aorta of a dog

tunica interna- layer of endothelial cells over a subendothelial layer of SM cell, fibroblasts, and long-oriented collagen/elastic fibers

tunica media- thickest layer, fenestrated elastic laminae, SM between laminae,

tunica adventia- long.-oriented collagen fibers, with some elastic and fibroblasts, SM in cross section 

vasa vasorum

dog aorta

tunica media- elastic laminae, SM between laminae

aorta of a dog

tunica interna- layer of endothelial cells over a subendothelial layer of SM cell, fibroblasts, and long-oriented collagen/elastic fibers

tunica media- thickest layer, fenestrated elastic laminae, SM between laminae,

dog aorta

elastin stained black,

coronary vein and artery

note the difference between vein and artery

lateral wall of trachea of dog

smooth muscle is NOT present around wall (only present dorsally)

4 layers

• mucosa- epithelium (ciliated pseudostratified columnar), goblet, basal, brush, serous, neuroendocrine
• submucosa- contain tubuloacinar sermucous glands
• cartlidge- hyaline (SM dorsally)
• adventia- loose CT, on thoracic part of trachea, adventia is replaced by tunica serosa (pleura) as it lies within the medistinum

ventral wall of trachea of dog

mucosa-

• epithelium (ciliated pseudostratified columnar)
• goblet-secretory cells, swollen with aggregations of secretory granules (mucous to humidify air and traps particles), microvilli (no cilia)
• basal-rounded cells close to BM, pluripotent cells
• NOT ABLE TO BE SEEN:
•  brush-blunt apical microvilli, form synaptic contact with trigeminal nerve
•  serous- secreotry cells, microvilli, nucleus basal
•  neuroendocrine- pyramidal, cytoplasm w/ silver staining granules, release vasoactive substances (control SM action), common in young animals

lateral margin of the lung of dog

pleura- serous membrane, comprised of simple squamos epithelium, basement membrane, and lamina propia

attached to walls of thoracic cavity and organs by tela subserosa (CT)

Lung Parenchyma of dog

alveoli, alveolar ducts & sacs

some very small openings (Köhn alveolar pores) pass thru interalveolar septa to join adjacent alveoli, but the majority of ventilation is directly from opening into resp. bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and sacs

Alveoli in the lung of the dog

Type II alveolar cell- (rounded, plump) in centre of slide, at junction of alveolar walls, cubodial cells, secretory cells secreting surfactant

Type I alveolar cells- numerous, forming the thin alveolar walls, extremely flat and cover about 95% of alveolar surface

50/50 ratio, but type I cover more surface area

Dust cells (not sure if any are present in this slide??)

-macrophages on interalveolar walls

respiratory bronchiole in the lung of a dog

epithelial lining of Clara cells,(non-ciliated, cubodial cells w/ domed apex. secrete surfactant)

the smooth muscle cells in the wall, and the alveoli entering the bronchiole.

respiratory bronchiole in the lung of a dog

epithelial lining of Clara cells,(non-ciliated, cubodial cells w/ domed apex. secrete surfactant)

the smooth muscle cells in the wall, and the alveoli entering the bronchiole.

Respiratory mucosa in the rostral nasal cavity of a dog

Note the epithelium (ciliated psuedostratified columnar) and lamina propria in the mucosa (deep to submuscosa, deep pink stained), and the vessels (venous sinus, has RBC centrally) and glands (clusters of the cuboidal to columnar epithelial cells arranged in rings  around central cavity. the nuclei are generally rounded and basally located and foamy cytoplasm due to secretory granules) in the submucosa.

Respiratory mucosa in the rostral nasal cavity of the dog

ciliated columnar cells

basal cells

goblet cells

Olfactory mucosa in the caudal nasal cavity of the dog

Glands of Bowman- branched tubuloalveolar glands in lamina propia and submucosa, opening on surface of epithelium of olfactory mucosa

olfactory epithelium in the caudal nasal cavity of the dog

neurosensory olfactory cells- middle layer of nuclei, biploar neurons, terminal dendritic bulbs bearing long, non-motile cilia

sustentacular cells- most apical nuclei, columnar supporting cells, microvilla (NO cilia), most numerous

basal cells- basal nuclei

urinary bladder

mucosal tunic

-transitional epithelium (thin or thick, depending on intensity of distention),

-lamina propia

-lamina muscularis/muscularis mucosae- small isolated bundles of muscle fibers

submucosa

muscular tunic- or the detrusor muscle

serosal tunic

Renal cortex

renal corpuscle

-glomerulus- cap. network in middle of corpuscle

brush border- bubbly appearance, microvilli of proximal convoluted tubules

broken into two parts:

medullary rays- look like medullary tissue histologically, but located in cortex, comprised of straight tubule segments

cortical labyrinth- contain corpuscles and convulated tubule segments

trichrome staining of renal cortex

collagen is blue (CT in kidney is aka interstitial tissue)

-less CT in cortec and more abudant in medulla

Lymph node cortex of dog

Observe from the top of the slide: large thin walled afferent lymphatic vessel, lymph node capsule, lymphatic nodule, pale germinal centre of the lymphatic nodule.

Lymph node of dog- lymphatic nodule

Observe the lymphocytes in the germinal centre of one of the lymphatic nodules located in the cortex of the node

palatine tonsil

-lymphoid nodules (B cells)

germinal centers

-non follicular aggregations (t cells)

-mucous glands (like goblet cells)

-NO afferent lymphatic vessels

Observe from top of slide; stratified squamous epithelium and densely packed lymphocytes

Palatine Tonsil

Observe the secondary lymphatic nodule with pale germinal centre.

Palatine tonsil

Observe the mucous glands.

Thoracic Duct

Observe the thoracic duct lying within adipose connective tissue. The elongated duct is compressed centrally and contains two valves.

Thoracic Duct

Observe the wall of the duct and valve.

Thymus of puppy

Observe the thymic lobules, interlobular connective tissue, cortex and medulla of lobules.

thymus of puppy

Observe capsule of thymus, dark blue staining cortex and lighter staining medulla of a lobule.

thymus of puppy

Observe cortical blood vessel.

puppy thymus

Observe the thymic (Hassalls) corpuscles.

Cat Spleen

Observe from top of slide: splenic capsule, red pulp, trabeculae, blood vessels in trabeculae and sinusoids of the red pulp

Cat Spleen

Observe the white pulp (blue staining lymphocytes) surrounded by red pulp.

dog spleen

Observe the trabeculae with myofibroblasts.

dog spleen

Observe the central artery passing into the red pulp to give rise to the penicillar arteries (pulp arterioles of red pulp).

dog spleen

Observe the ellipsoid imposed over a sinusoid.

[image]

ID A & B

lymph node

A cortex

B medulla

[image]

A: blue lined structure

B: red lined structure

A: secondary lymphoid nodule/follicle

B: germinal center (light zone)

[image]

which vessel, 1 or 2, provides nutritional supply to liver?

name of vessel that gives functional blood supply

 2 provides nutritional suply

the portal vein, provides functional supply

[image]

A: ID cell with pale apex

B: ID

A: goblet

B: gland

[image]

A: based on sturcuture A, which type of ariway is this?

B: the epithelium has a fuzzy border, what cell feature predominates this border?

A: bronchus (the structure is a cartidge plate)

B: cilia (the epithelium is ciliated psuedostratified columnar)

[image]

A: what section of the kidney is this slide from?

B: What is the most common type of tubules in the dotted line area?

A: renal cortex

B: proximal convoluted

[image]

A: Id this structure.

B: group of cells?

A: glomerulus

B: macula densa

[image]

A: what type of epithelium is in this organ (ur. bladder)

B: what is the predominant tissue type in this region

A transitional

B smooth muscle

[image]

dont worry about 5a vs 5b & 3a vs 3b

1.distal convoluted tubules

2. afferent arteriole

3. glomerulus

4. glomerular capsule

5. proximal convoluted tubules

6. efferent arteriole

7. collecting duct

8. loop of Henle

9. peritubular capillary