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Histology
N/A
52
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
03/03/2010

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Term
Histology
Definition
Study of tissues
Term
Tissue
Definition
Groups of cells that work together to perform a similar function
Term
Epithelial tissue
Definition
Covers extrernal surfaces of body. Forms exocrine glands
Term
Epithelial tissue Location
Definition
Lines the inner digestive, respiratory, circulatory, excretory, and reproductive systems, and the dorsal and ventral body cavities
Term
3 characterizations of epithelial tissue
Definition
1. Loosely packed cells with intercellular substance
2. Basal layer; resting on basement membrane which seperates it from the underlying connective tissue
3. Avascular- absence of blood vessels
Term
3 types of epithelium
Definition
1. simple
2. stratified
3. pseudostratified
Term
Simple Epithelium
Definition
Single layer of cells that are all in contact with basement membrane
Term
Stratified Epithelium
Definition
2 or more layers of cell, only the deepest layer is in contact with the basement membrane
Term
Pseudostfatified Epithelium
Definition
Single layer of cells; appears to be multilayered because not all of the cells reach the surface, BUT it is not multiple layers
Term
3 shapes of epithelium and sub-shape
Definition
1. squamous
2. cuboidal
3. columnar
- Ciliated
Term
Squamous Epithelium
Definition
Flat layer of cells (Polygonal); found lining the mouth, in the cornea of the eye, in the skin, esophagus, and the vagina
Term
Cuboidal Epithelium
Definition
Cube shaped cells; found in the tubules of the kidney, ovaries, and various ducts of the enxocrine glands
Term
Cuboidal Epithelium
Definition
Elongated cells with oval nuclei near their attachment to the basement membrane
Term
Ciliated Epithelium
Definition
Modification of Columnar epithelium; cells have cilia at their free surfaces; found lining the bronchi, nasal cavity, uterine tubes, and the uterus
Term
Specific type of epithelium
Definition
Glandular Epithelium- Produsec specific secretions: sweat, milk, horomones, waste products, and enzymes
Term
Connective tissue
Definition
Serves to bind or support organs; most widely distributed tissue in the body
Term
3 characterizations of connective tissue
Definition
1. Widely scattered cells in an extracellular matrix
2. presence of extracellular fibers
3. Vascular- Presence of capillaries
Term
types of connective tissue (7)
Definition
adipose
loose/areolar
elastic
dense
bone
blood
cartilage
Term
Fibroblasts
Definition
Cells found in the areolar/loose connective tissue; Secretes a matrix that varies from being a liquid to a semisolid get
Term
Areolar/ loose connective tissue
Definition
found in the deeper layer of the skin and makes up the walls of blood vessels
Term
Adipose connective tissue
Definition
consists of fibroblasts that help in the storage of fat. The Fibroblasts have a large vacuole which stores fat. GIVES THE APPEARANCE OF A SIGNET RING
Term
Elastic Connective Tissue
Definition
Consists of more elastic (yellow) fibers which permit stretching; Found in the walls of arteries, the trachea, and vocal chords
Term
Dense COnnective Tissue
Definition
Categorized as irregular or regular. irregular= similar to areolar connective tissue, but contains fewer cells and more collagenous fibers. Regular (white)=has tightly packed parallel bundles of collagenous fibers; found in tendons, ligaments, and fascia
Term
Bone
Definition
Firm Matrix produced abd secreted by osteoblasts. Consists of: osteoblasts, lamella, cantral haversian canal, osteocytes, canaliculi, and osteoclasts
Term
Osteoblasts
Definition
bone-forming cells; produces bone matrix; housed on concentric rings (lamella) around the central haversian canal
Term
What runs through the Central (Haversian)canal
Definition
Blood Vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels
Term
Osteocytes
Definition
trapped bone cells; located in lacunae similar to those found in cartilage
Term
Canaliculi
Definition
A series of tiny channels that connect to lamallae
Term
osteoclasts
Definition
Bone-destroying calls
Term
Blood
Definition
form of loose connective tissue; The matrix of blood is a liquid called plasma
Term
Cartilage
Definition
Specialized fibrous connective tissue; Within the matrix are numerous lacunea (depressions)that house cartilage producing cells called chondroblasts
Term
3 types of cartilage
Definition
Hyaline Cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Elastic Cartilage
Term
Hyaline Cartilage
Definition
Conatins collagenous fibers that are NOT visible by ordinary staining techniques.
Term
Fibrocartilage
Definition
Conatins dense bundles of VISIBLE collagenous fibers
Term
Elastic Cartilage
Definition
Contains a network of thread-like elastic fibers
Term
Muscle Tissue
Definition
Characterized by 4 things- irritability, excitability, elassticity, and contractility
Term
Sarcolemma
Definition
The Cell membrane of the a muscle cell
Term
Sarcoplasm
Definition
The cytoplasm of a mucsle cell
Term
3 types of muscle tissue
Definition
skeletal
cardiac
smooth
Term
Skeletal Muscle
Definition
Voluntary/controlled at will; attached to bones;are in the form of elongated fibers;consists of smaller fibrils which give the fiber its striated appearance. Fibers= multinucleate, and nuclei are found under cell membrane
Term
Cardiac Muscle
Definition
Found only in the walls of the heart; also striated so it resembles skletal muscle; cells are branched and interconnected with one another at junctions called intercalatd discs
Term
Intercalated discs
Definition
junctions that appear dense, dark bands parallel to striations
Term
Smooth Muscle
Definition
involuntary/visceral muscle; found in the walls of internal organs; not usually subject to conscious control; does not appear striated; fibers= elongated, cylindrical, and have a centrally located nucleus; pushes food through digestive tract, urine through the urinary tract, and blood through blood vessels
Term
Nervous Tissue
Definition
One of two MAJOR coordinating systems of the body.
Term
Basic unit of structure and function of the nervous system
Definition
Neuron or nerve cell
Term
Cell body
Definition
contains a single nucleus
Term
Dendrites
Definition
recieve impulses from sense receptors or other neurons and carry them to cell body
Term
synapse
Definition
a physiological junction between two neurons or a neuron and an effector organ
Term
Nerve fibers
Definition
form nerver in the peripheral nervous system or PNS or tracts in the central nercvous system or CNS
Term
Endoneurium
Definition
a connective tissue sheath that surrounds fibers
Term
Endoneurium
Definition
a connective tissue sheath that surrounds fibers
Term
epineurium
Definition
connective tissue layer; groups the bundles of endoneurium into larger bundles forming a nerve
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