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Histology Cardio
Raja Final
74
Anatomy
Professional
03/19/2012

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Term
1.     The _____ is a 4 chambered pump of the cardiovascular system.
Definition
HEART
Term
2.     The heart contracts _____, pumping blood through the circulatory system.
Definition
RHYTHMICALLY
Term
3.     The walls of the heart consists of 3 layers from internal to external which are the _____, _____ and _____.
Definition
ENDOCARDIUM, MYOCARDIUM, PERICARDIUM
Term
4.     The endocardium is made up of _____ and _____ which lines the lumen of the heart.
Definition
SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHLIUM, SUBENDOTHELIAL CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Term
5.     The simple squamous epithelium of the endocardium arises from the _____.
Definition
ENDOTHELIUM
Term
6.     The endocardium of the heart is continuous with the _____ of blood vessels entering and leaving the heart.
Definition
TUNICA INTIMA
Term
7.     The myocardium is the thick middle layer of the heart composed of _____.
Definition
CARDIAC MUSCLE CELLS
Term
8.     There are _____ for impulse generation located in the myocardium.
Definition
SPECIALIZED CARDIAC MUSCLE
Term
9.     5 specialized cardiac muscles located in the myocardium for impulse generation.
Definition
1) SA NODE, 2) AV NODE, 3) AV BUNDLE, 4) LEFT AND RIGHT BUNDLE BRANCHES, 5) PURKINJE FIBERS
Term
10.  3 components of the intercaliated disc which attach cardiac cells.
Definition
1) ZONA ADHERENS, 2) MACULA ADHERENS, 3) GAP JUNCTIONS
Term
11.  The tunica intima layer of the aorta consists of _____ and _____.
Definition
SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM AND UNDERLYING CONECTIVE TISSUE
Term
12.  As a general rule, the tunica intima layer ends and the tunica media begins when there first distinct _____ or _____ is located.
Definition
ELASTIC SHEET OR LAMELLA
Term
13.  The endothelium of the heart normally secreted factors which prevent _____ and _____.
Definition
PREVENT BLOOD CLOTTING, MAINTAIN THE TONE OF VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE
Term
14.  _____ is secreted by the endothelium which is a vasodilator and inhibits platelet adhesion and aggregation.
Definition
NITRIC OXIDE
Term
15.  _____ is secreted by the endothelium which is a vasodilator and inhibits platelet aggregation maintaining the tone of vascular smooth muscle.
Definition
PROSTACYCLIN
Term
16.  _____ is secreted by the endothelium which promotes platelet adhesion and activation of blood coagulation.
Definition
VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR
Term
17.  _____ secreted by the endothelium regulates fibrinolysis.
Definition
TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR
Term
18.  Thickening of the tunica intima may occur in 2 ways which are _____ and _____.
Definition
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS, AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Term
19.  _____ is part of normal aging when there is an increase in connective tissue, fibrosis and fragmentation of elastic lamellae.
Definition
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS
Term
20.  _____ is a pathological process involving eccentric fibrous intimal thickening, lipid deposition and dystrophic calcification.
Definition
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Term
21.  Intima thickening within coronary arteries, which nourish the myocardium of the heart, is a major cause of _____.
Definition
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTS
Term
22.  The tunica media layer of the aorta consists of _____ and _____.
Definition
CIRCULAR ARRANGED SMOOTH MUSCLE, AND ELASTIC TISSUE
Term
23.  The _____ stain accentuates the abundance of elastic lamellae within the tunica media.
Definition
MASSON-ALDEHYDE FUCHSIN STAIN
Term
24.  The _____ synthesisze the elastic fibers, collagen and various proteoglycans in the tunica media.
Definition
SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS
Term
25.  The _____ layer of the aorta is mainly a connective tissue sheath surrounding the vessel.
Definition
TUNICA ADVENTITIA
Term
26.  The tunica media ends and adventitia begins where the _____ are not found.
Definition
ELASTIC LAMELLAE
Term
27.  The tunica adventitia layer of the aorta contains small arteries and veins called the _____ that supply nourishment to the outer half of the tunica media.
Definition
VASA VASORUM
Term
28.  Arteries experience much higher blood pressure than the veins, therefore have a much higher _____ ratio.
Definition
WALL TO LUMEN RATIO
Term
29.  Veins are more _____ shaped than arteries.
Definition
VARIABLY
Term
30.  Most arteries contain a distinct _____ while veins do not.
Definition
INTERNAL ELASTIC MEMBRANE
Term
31.  In an artery the _____ layer is thicker than the _____.
Definition
TUNICA MEDIA IS THICKER THAN THE ADVENTITIA
Term
32.  In a vein the _____ layer is thicker than the _____.
Definition
TUNICA ADVENTITIA IS THICKER THAN THE TUNICA MEDIA
Term
33.  The great vessels of the body exit from the _____ of the heart.
Definition
BASE
Term
34.  The myocardium in the ventricles is much _____ than that in the atrium.
Definition
THICKER
Term
35.  The endocardium is much _____ in the artia than in the ventricles.
Definition
THICKER
Term
36.  The cardiac valves are essentially plates of _____ extending from the cardiac skeleton.
Definition
DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Term
37.  The cardiac valves are covered with _____ and are _____.
Definition
ENDOTHELIUM, AVASCULAR
Term
38.  The side of the cardiac valve that faces oncoming blood flow exhibits an extensive _____ network.
Definition
ELASTIC FIBER
Term
39.  Both the tricuspid and mitral valves are attached to papillary muscles in the ventricles via _____.
Definition
CHORDAE TENDINAE
Term
40.  What is the function of the papillary muscles attached to the tricuspid and mitral valves?
Definition
THEY HOLD THE VALVES SHUT TO PREVENT REGURGITATION OF BLOOD BACK INTO THE ARTIA DURING SYSTOLE
Term
41.  Where is the SA node located?
Definition
AT THE JUNCTION OF THE SVC AND RIGHT ATRIUM ABOVE THE CRISTA TERMINALIS
Term
42.  The SA node can spontaneously depolarize _____ times per minute creating an impulse that spreads over the atrial chamber walls by internodal pathways to the _____.
Definition
70; AV NODE
Term
43.  The AV node is located beneath the _____ of the medial wall of the right atrium just in front of the opening of the coronary sins, and immediately above the tricuspid valve.
Definition
ENDOCARDIUM
Term
44.  Where is the AV node located.
Definition
AT THE BASE OF TE INTERATRIAL SEPTUM IN THE TRIANGLE OF KOCH
Term
45.  Where is the bundle of his located?
Definition
ON THE UPPER END OF THE INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM
Term
46.  The right and left bundle branches of the bundle of his become the _____.
Definition
PURKINJE FIBERS
Term
47.  Initially the purkinje fibers are _____, then the become _____.
Definition
SUBENDOCARDIAL, INTRAMYOCARDIAL
Term
48.  The fibrous central region of the heart is called the _____.
Definition
FIBROUS SKELETON
Term
49.  2 functions of the fibrous skeleton of the heart.
Definition
1) SERVES AS THE BASE OF THE VALVES, 2) SERVES AS THE SITE OF ORIGIN AND INSERTION OF CARDIAC MUSCLE CELLS
Term
50.  The _____ are endothelium lined thin walled channels that collect lymphatic fluid from the tissue spaces, and return it to the blood.
Definition
LYMPHATIC VASCULAR SYSTEM
Term
51.  The thin lymphatic vessels gradually converge and end up as 2 large trunks called the _____ and the _____.
Definition
THORACIC DUCT, RIGHT LYMPHATIC DUCT
Term
52.  The thoracic and right lymphatic ducts empty into the junction of the _____ and _____ veins.
Definition
INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN AND SUBCLAVIAN VEIN
Term
53.  The _____ collects lymph from the upper right quadrant of the body.
Definition
RIGHT LYMPHATIC DUCT
Term
54.  The _____ collects lymph from all other areas of the body.
Definition
THORACIC DUCT
Term
55.  _____ are able to be spread through the lymphatics.
Definition
CANCERS
Term
56.  3 different types of arteries.
Definition
1) ELASTIC (CONDUCTING) ARTERIES, 2) MUSCULAR (DISTRIBUTING) ARTERIES, 3) ARTERIOLES
Term
57.  _____nerves supply vasomotor innervation to the smooth muscles of the tunica media.
Definition
SYMPATHETIC
Term
58.  The arteries which supply skeletal muscles receive _____ nerves to bring about vasodilation.
Definition
CHOLINERGIC (PARASYMPATHETIC)
Term
59.  Capillaries form _____, which consists of a network of thin-walled vessels in which gasses, nutrients, metabolic wastes, hormones, and signaling substances are interchanged between the blood and the tissues of the body to sustain normal metabolic activities.
Definition
CAPILLARY BEDS
Term
60.  _____ make up the network between arteries and veins.
Definition
CAPILLARIES
Term
61.  Capillaries are composed of a single layer of _____.
Definition
ENDOTHELIAL CELLS
Term
62.  3 types of capillaries.
Definition
1) CONTINUOUS, 2) FENESTRATED, 3) SINUSOIDAL
Term
63.  _____ capillaries are present within the muscles, nervous, and connective tissues.
Definition
CONTINUOUS
Term
64.  _____ capillaries are present in the pancreas, intestines, and endocrine glands.
Definition
FENESTRATED
Term
65.  _____ capillaries are present in the liver, spleen, bone marrow, and lymphoid organs.
Definition
SINUSOIDAL
Term
66.  Arteries with a diameter of less than 0.1mm are considered to be _____.
Definition
ARTERIOLES
Term
67.  _____ are the terminal arterial vessels that regulate blood flow into the capillary bed.
Definition
ARTERIOLES
Term
68.  Venules are similar to but _____ than capillaries.
Definition
LARGE
Term
69.  Larger venules possess _____ instead of pericytes.
Definition
SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS
Term
70.  _____ is a pathology prevalent in older people. It is related to the atherosclerosis of the coronary vessels serving the myocardium.
Definition
ISCHEMIC (CORONARY) HEART DISEASE
Term
71.  In coronary heart disease, as atherosclerotic plaques reduce the lumina of the coronary vessel, the patient may experience referred pain and pressure called _____ due to lack of oxygen.
Definition
ANGINA
Term
72.  Vessel walls that are weakened from embryological defects or connective tissue disorders may balloon out at the affected side forming an _____.
Definition
ANEURYSM
Term
73.  4 conditions that may lead to an aneurysm.
Definition
1) ATHEROSCLEROSIS, 2) SYPHILIS, 3) MARFAN’S DISEASE, 4) EHLER DANLOS SYNDROME
Term
74.  Aneurysms have the ability to _____, which is a grave condition that may lead to death.
Definition
RUPTURE
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