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Histo Respiratory Tract
Histology Final
33
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
11/22/2009

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Cards

Term
3 Regions of Respiratory Tract
Definition
  1. Conductive portion
  2. Transitional portion
  3. Exchange portion
Term

Nares to Tertiary Bronchioles

(conductive compartments)

Definition
  1. Nasal cavity
  2. Nasopharynx
  3. Larynx     
  4. Trachea    
  5. Bronchi     
  6. Bronchioles

 

Term
Functions of Conductive Components
Definition
  1. Olfaction
  2. Phonation
  3. Humidification
  4. Protection
  5. Thermoregulation
Term
Regions of the Nasal Cavity
Definition
  1. Vestibular region
  2. Olfactory region
  3. Respiratory region
Term
Characteristics of Vestibular Region
Definition
  • Species- variable
  • Reflection of integument
  • Hairy stratified squamous epithelium
Term

Histological Organization of the

Olfactory Region

Definition
  1. Non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
  2. Connective tissue (lamina propria-tunica submucosa)
  3. Layer of cartilage or bone
Term
3 Cell Types in the Olfactory Region Epithelium
Definition
  1. Olfactory cells
  2. Sustentacular cells
  3. Basal cell
Term
What is contained within the connective tissue of the olfactory region?
Definition
Bronchials & tubuloalveolar serous glands (clear olfactory surface)
Term
Functions of the Respiratory Region
Definition

1) Protection

2) Humidification

3) Thermoregulation

Term
Histological Organization of Respiratory Region
Definition
  1. Pseudostratified, ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells
  2. Vascularized propria-submucosa of loose fibrous connective tissue with seromucous glands, lymphatic tissue, & thin-walled blood vessels
  3. Layer of cartilage or bone

 

 

Term
Characteristics of Naropharynx
Definition
  • Portion of pharynx above soft palate
  • Connects nasal cavity with oropharynx
  • Lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
Term

Characteristics of Larynx

 

Definition
  • Irregular shaped muscular tube reinforced with cartilage
  • Connects pharynx with trachea
  • Functions in phonation
Term
Histological Organization of Trachea
Definition
  1. Hollow tubular organ
  2. Tunica mucosa
  3. Lamina propria
  4. Fibroelastic lamina
  5. Tunica submucosa
  6. Tracheal cartilage
  7. Tunica adventitia/serosa
Term
Characteristics of Lungs
Definition
  • Compound tubuloalveolar gland with extensive pulmonary duct system
  • Covered with visceral pleura
  • Subpleuaral connective tissue encapsulates the lung & is rich in elastic fibers
  • Interlobular connective tissue also rich in elastic fibers
  • Lung --> lobes --> lobules
  • Pigs, cows, & sheep have apparent lobular subdivisions on surface
  • Horses & humans have less distinct lobules
  • Carnivores do not have lobular subdivisions
Term
Composition of Pulmonary Duct System
Definition
  • Extrapulmonary bronchi
  • Intracpulmonary bronchi
  • Bronchioles
Term
Where do extrapulmonary bronchi arise from?
Definition
from bifurcation of the trachea
Term
How are intrapulmonary bronchi classified?
Definition
Based on branching, luminal size, & wall constituents.
Term
What is the key structural characteristic of intrapulmonary bronchi?
Definition
Cartliage plates
Term
What are 4 other structural characteristics of intrapulmonary bronchi?
Definition
  1. Low pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells
  2. Prominant fibroelastic connective tissue
  3. Extensive smooth muscle
  4. Branched coiled tubuloalveolar mucous glands
Term
What are the the types of bronchioles?
Definition
Primary, Secondary, & Tertiary
Term
What are the structural characteristics of bronchioles?
Definition
  • No cartilage components
  • Simple cuboidal epithelium
  • Clara cells or bronchiolar cells
Term
Where are the respiratory bronchioles, and what do they do?
Definition
  • Transitional component at initial portion of the lung
  • Responsible for gas exchange
Term
What are the exchange components?
Definition
  • Alveoli
  • Alveolar sacs
  • Either capillaries or alveolar ducts?
Term
Characteristics of Bronchiolar Cells
Definition
  • Non-ciliated columnar cells
  • Apical domes project into the lumen
  • Numerous electron-dense secretory granules in apical cytoplasms
  • Function in providint proteolytic or mucolytic enzymes
Term
Characteristic of Type I Alveolar Cell
Definition
Squamous cell
Term
Characteristics of Type II Alveolar Cells
Definition
  • Cuboidal
  • Vacuolated cytoplasm
  • Synthesize & secrete surfactant
  • Occur singly or in groups of 2 or 3
Term
Characteristics of Alveolar Macrophages
Definition
  • Dust cells
  • Mononuclear phagocytic cells
  • First line of lung defense
Term
What is the five structure sequence in gas exchange?
Definition
  1. Flattened cytoplasm of the endothelial cell
  2. Endothelial basement membrane
  3. Septal connective tissue
  4. Alveolar basement membrane
  5. Flattened cytoplasm of type I alveolar cells
Term
Characteristics of Alveolar Walls
Definition
  • Thin tissue septum separating adjacent alveoli
  • Alveolar pores
Term
Characteristics of Alveolar Pores
Definition
  • Apertures between neighboring alveoli
  • Provide for collateral air circulation
  • Prevents alveolar collapse
Term
What does the endoderm give rise to?
Definition
Lining of conductive & exchange components
Term
What does the mesoderm give rise to?
Definition
Muscle & connective tissue elements
Term
How many stages of lung development are there?
Definition
Three
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