Inaugurated March 1829

his wife died, he blamed his political enemies

First President with a nickname: "Old Hickory"

involved in lots of violence, short temper

doing favors for campaigns and getting jobs in return

EX: people showed up to Washington D.C. for jobs, Jackson was Ok with that, white people were "enjoying the spoils of victory"

919 Federal employees removed in Jackson's first year

taking out all the old people and putting in his own supporters, Jackson defended this by saying "anyone can do these jobs"

Giving the jobs to his own cronies

Not respected by DC women, was a bartender there and had sex with a lot of politician

Mistress to and marries Henry Eaton

Other wives wouldn't have out with Peggy including John Calhoun's wife, Jackson defended her saying anyone that insulted her insulted him

made entire cabinet resign because their wives wouldn't hang out with Peggy and blames Calhoun for the whole thing

A white man's nation based on excluding others (non white men)

Wanted to remove all the Indians from the US to make more room for white farmers

Jackson called it "the monster"

Biggest corporation the nation at the time, conducts the US financial transactions, loans, etc.

Jackson wants to kill the bank, Democratic party wants to get rid of it

a state can meet, vote and make a law NULL AND VOID

Calhoun came up with it to avoid sucession

South Carolina declared Tariff of 1832 null and void, but Jackson said nullification is treason

under Martin Van Buren 4000 Indians died along the way on the trail

46,000 Indians under Jackson were removed

100 million acres of land freed up for the whites

One third that traveled the Trail of Tears died

first assassination attempt on Andrew Jackson, he had 2 pistols but missed both times

Found not guilty because of insanity, but Jackson believed it was his political enemies, sees everything in terms of himself

people in the North oppose slaver in general, see people in south that had slaves as UNAMERICAN, free labor couldn't compete with slave labor

many didn't love black people and would rather hire white immigrants than black people, but still against slavery

don't want to take responsibility for slavery

think free labor was disgusting, plantation was the model society where the owner takes care of all the workers

don't want slavery to end, think it would be disgusting for white men to ever do slave labor

free black man in Boston started to write abolitionist writings

-Challenges South's scientific claims

-says slaves cannot be equal to whites as long as they are in slavery (not equal opportunity)

-In favor of slave resistance, snuck his message into clothes he sold to reach blacks in the south

Created abolition newspaper "The Liberator"

-hired black and female writers to help spread the message

-said abolition was the immediate emancipation of slaves with NO compensation or deportation

Printed an abolitionist newspaper

Was killed by a mob who set his house on fire and was angry about what he wrote in Illinois

-shows how even the North had violence

"the ending of something"

-separation of church and state, previously government would tax people to pay for churches

-Jeffersonian Republicans against establishment (for separation of church and state), Federalists for it

-Puritan churches all getting disestablished

Preached to everyone, all races and sexes

-wanted to reform through temperence

-Churches trying to appeal to women, immigrants, African Americans

not drinking alcohol

-Beecher wanted to link drinking to religion, wanted to change the attitude toward drinking

-Became a Nationwide movement, people signed pledges to abstain from alcohol and profanity

the "moral militia"

-propoganda so people don't drink

advocating that temperance = good life

-marked rise in VOLUNTARY involvement in movements and organizations

"born again" in 1821

part of the Second Great Awakening and getting others involved

-Methodists highly involved (their "method" was to travel, attract a crowd)

Preached the millenium that would come in three yeras

people thought the end was coming, in a good way, and that God was coming

Charles Finney said work hard and millenium would occur in three years

-people believed in working for something greater, trying to attain perfection

founder of Mormonism in upstate NY

while in the woods he saw an angel who showed him tablets adn he translated them and created the "book of mormon" in 1830

-wanted a new location, everyone hated them and they got forced out

-demanded abstinence from alcohol

-banned drinking alcohol

-Saints who followed this would be healthy

-kind of think they're Jewish, call themselves Israelites

-Embodied what was American at the time (move West)

-set themselves apart, don't want to do business with nonmormons

-good businessmen, put all the local businesses out of business

-practiced polygamy

revival made it central to american life

-seen as all anyone needed to know

Andrew Jackson's legacy

-continues on with Van Buren

the right to vote comes to depend on race and sex, a voter is someone that is white male basically

in opposition to Andrew Jackson

-elected William Henry Harrison to office in 1840

-caught a cold and died cause his speech was so damn long

Elected as President after WIlliam Henry Harrison

-supposed to be a Whig, but starts hacking all the Whigs out of office

-vetoes the third bank, claims its unconstitutional

-his cabinet resigned, Whigs expelled him from the Whig party

Communication had to go by sight (mail, ship, wagon, etc) before telegraph

-first line is between DC and Baltimore and used to find out what is going on at the Democratic National Party

-first message it sends is "What hath god wrought?"

-Revolutionizes business, you can hear what is going on in foreign markets or how much stock has increased or decreased

nominated by the Democrats because they wanted a "real slaveholder" in 1844

-nickname is "little hickory"

the destiny of the US is to expand west and is guided by God, it is inevitable

-most americans supported it, but the question was whether slavery would expand

Takes over the Mormons and they move to Salt Lake City, Utah

Won because of far superior technology

-Very costly (1 in 10 died mainly from disease)

If US acquires land from Mexico it should be free, not slave territory

-passed in the House, but not in the Senate so it doesn't pass

-Shows that the North is starting to unite on slavery

after California is taken from Mexico, they find gold

-3/4 of male population went to look for gold

-boosted American eonomy, value of American coins increased 20 times

-caused a huge influx of ppl to California

the most polarizing law between N and S

-requires enforcement of this law in the North, angers the North because now they are actively involved in slavery

-North establishes personal liberty laws so that they don't have to return slaves

Ellen's skin as light enough to look white so she snuck husband up to Boston

-people came to get them but they successfully resisted in getting taken away (defied new fugitive slave law)

looked to further slavery, successfully filibuster in Nicaragua, makes a couple of expeditions and takes over the country, eventually aprehended and executed

-desperately trying to spread slavery

want to maintain Missouri Compromise

-CONTAIN slavery, NO SPREAD

"order of the star spangled banner"

America for americans... into nativism and only true americans voting and getting elected

-against slavery int he interest of white workers (trumped by republicans)

Kansas has intense violence over whether or not the territory will be with slaves, or slave free

-slavery is fraudulently elected in Kansas

retaliation in Kansas on behalf of Sumner (who gave a speech on Kansas and was beat up)

-find proslavery men and split their heads with swords

1/2 of the south not committed to the civil war (blacks, blacks and whites in border states)

- 1/2 million southerners fighting for the north

-north wouldn't have overwhelmed with man power alone if south had pooled their resources

-ship construction, railroad construction, iron

-wanted South back in the union, so still needed them to surrender, not just stalemate

-technological superiority (although can sometimes be used against them)

Lincoln wanted to appeal to southern whites first

-Lincoln saw neutrality as treason, but respected their neutrality

Border states realized they weren't willing to sucede

most of them slaves

-had south been able to utilize them, the north may have had less of an advantage

-Lincoln "the reluctant emancipator" very resistant to freeing slaves, wanted to save the union more than he wanted to free slaves

enemy property that they use against you during war

-started calling slaves contraband so they could emancipate them because originally Lincoln said not to

sin = voluntary, not pre set and certain

-inspired people to take up abolition and temperance

-emphasis on the individual

-too much counteracting religion not to make it exciting

-Christians had to vote honest men into office

-ANTI SLAVERY, slavery = sin of the church

-female pioneers to maintain families

-many married or widowed on dangerous journey

-went west for gold

-more women meant more careful, more clean, better food (i.e. better health)

-had to be careful of Indians

-important adventures, not as famous as other adventurers (may cuz he's black)

-some thought he lied

-appealed more to the Indians, they were more willing to trade with him (maybe cuz he was black)

-sets up a place in California, likes seeing the ragged people looking for gold arrive

-polk = expansionist, determined to secure Texas

-said mexicans attacked first and were unwilling to be diplomatic

-necessary to defend texas because it had been voted unanimously intot he union as a state

-asking congress for permission to recognize the war

-said they tried to reconcile but mexico attacked

-military family, first time in combat

-said if they settled with England in the north maybe mexico would follow

-smart mexicans thoguht the war was wicked on the part of Americans

-doesn't like the volunteers, think they are cowards and abandon posts

-mexican is too disorganized to make peace or continue the war

-would give up being a soldier for "honorable profession" because no end in sight for the war

-mexicans built up army during fake peace treaty talks and attacked

-smith killed in action

-opposed the annexation of Texas, said he knew it would lead to war and didn't know why the US did it

-polk ordered a move from pacific inward which was an aggressive move and hurt the diplomacy talks

-Congress is supposed to declare war- if president could it would hurt checks and balances

-president needs to tell the whole nation the REAL purpose of the war and people should be able to voice an opinion

CLAYS POINTS

1) congress should declare why the war should be continued

2) do not annex mexico, especially by conquest (too culturally different)

3) act with moderation (just take texas NOT mexico)

4) NO SLAVERY in territories

5) people can express views of peace in communities

-didn't suffer from slavery at all until fugitive slave law

-Mr Webster = life of the law

-slavery was made even stronger by the law, made people kidnappers for it

-the gentlemanly way and loving religious way would be to help those inferior to you (if blacks were even inferior), only savages used people that were lower than them

-Constitution, bible, religion are all no good because slavery can still exist under each one

Americans rule America, emphasis on native born elected officials and harder naturalization laws

-no states interfering with each other

-no national bank

-states judges of everything

-place trust and intelligence in people, all about popular sovereignty and majority rules

-congress should have no power over the states

-favor free seas and progressive trade throughout the world

-keep monroe doctrine

-containment of slavery

-admit kanssas as a free state

-maintain principles in the Declaration of Independence

-congress sovereign over territories

-for individual rights

-railroad to the pacific

-invite all men that supported the platform

-dred scott beleived he was free

-went to the supreme court, sued his "master" for wrongdoing or something

-SC found blacks not fitting under category of "citizen"

-"all men are created equal" didn't apply to black people at the time, had to look at the dec of ind "in context", didn't mean for it to include blacks

-said dred scott wasn't made free

-made missouri compromise void

southerners have to go to the north for everything

-no demands for southern industry

-dependence on north and humiliation stems from slavery

-nothing but total abolition can save the south

-perpetuating uneducated poor whites

-don't remain neutral have to be for abolition

once gained independence from britain, it was said that states

1) have right to govern itself

2) right of people to abolish government that becomes destructive

-S.carolina mad about states getting around fugitive slave law in the north

-feel slaves as property, other states would be infringing on their right to property

-suceeding from the union

-wanted to remain in union but wanted union to sustain states' rights and powers as south defined them

-thoguht mississippi had legitimate reasons to secede