-ruler of Prussia late 1700's → Enlightened Despot

-inherited a small, unified country and made moderate reforms that strengthened gov't.

-limited serfdom by season, religious tolerance, law code based on size of land, made royal officials and judges.

-mid 1600's

-immigrated on ships to Europe

-killed off black rat that carried fleas that carried black plague.

-plague eliminated

-1700's

-babies that were dropped off annonymously at churches.

-they were "found"

-shows type of bond between parents and children in 1700's→ little attachment

-Charles Townsend→ early 1700's

-rotation of crops, different crops planted in different fields, switched with season

-allowed more of farmland to be used

-↑money  ↑population

-less farm hands needed → populous moves to city

-happened in 1763

-British acquisition of French land in Canada

-French had to give Spain New Orleans and Louisianna Territory

-losing more territory→no gain for involvment

-group of Frenchmen in late 1700's representing french people to the King

-Estates General gains power and rules through French Revolution eventually becomes National Assembly

-late 1700's

-unofficial leader of the Committee of Public Safety

-ruled ruthlessly

-made changes to clocks, years, metric system and names of months

-massive draft to put down Austrian attack

-late 1700's

-dramatically changed peoples lives

-food, livestock, facilities, men, children to cheer on soldiers, old women to make bandages and sweep basements to find components for gun powder

-happened in 1801

-Napoleon's agreement with the Church to reconcile for revolution.

-church agreed that their land in France was gone and Catholicism would be national religion

-early 1800's

-Napoleon returns after being exiled for 100 days

-loses at Waterloo in Belgium and is exiled for good.

-end of Napoleon's rein

-alliance between Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia in 1815 (same year as Waterloo)

-they agreed to maintain the alliance that defeated Napoleon and to meet periodically to discuss issues of mutual concern.

-takes over after Napoleon is exiled → early 1800's

-turns back the clock on all reforms Napoleon made

-raised land taxes to compensate Church for loss of land (ignores deal made with Napoleon)

-ruler of the HRE in late 1700's

-wanted to be priest but forced to be Emperor

-tries to reform too much too fast

-abolish serfdom, absolute equality in taxes, tried everyone in the same court

-freedom of press

-religious toleration

-Hungarians revolted

-mid to late 1700's

-peasant women with babies nursed noble women's children

-peasant children usually died of starvation

-shows social norms of the time and lack of care for children

-mid to late 1700's

-invented small pox vaccine from cow pox on milk maids hands

-late 1700's

-prefactory building where craftsmen had people working for him.

-housed and worked there.

-transitional stage from farm to factory

-wife of Louis the XVI in the late 1700's

-infuriates French people with frivolous spending

-redecorating, parties

-"let them eat cake"

-her brother plots to crush revolution and put Marie and Louis XVI back on throne

-late 1700's

-unofficially led by Robespierre

-made reforms and ruled ruthlessly until execution and Napoleon take over

-mid 1700's

-invention of the steam engine

-early 1800's

-codefied version of law under Napoleon

-reformed and equalized social laws

-jobs and positions based on ability

-equalized men

-reaffirmed right to property

-late 1800's in Germany

-freely elected parliament for all of Germany

-started to unite Germany

-reform bill in Great Britain in early 1800's

-no revolution but people express unrest and dissatisfaction

-document stating demands of the people brought to king

-universal manhood suffrage, secret ballot, abolition of property requirement for House of Commons, pay members of parliament, equal electoral districts,

annual elections for House of Commons

-1832 in Great Britain

-redistribution of the Seats in Parliament

-extended right to vote to mid-middle class men

-began decisive shift in political power from nobles to middle class