loose connective tuuse,

looses arrangemnt of fibers ie collagen elsastin and reticular fibers

Made of lots ground subsatnce

and fibroblast, macrophages mast, plasma, leucocytes and adipose cell .. lots of cells

intial site of inflamation

beneath glandualr units. blood vessels and epithelium

mostly col type 1 fibers erradictly arranged ie skin

withstsnads lots of stress and stretching

submucosamucosa of intestine amd slom

sparce fibroblasts

lots of fibers few cells and ground substance

dense array of fibers( mostly type I) spacrce ground substance

TENDONS, Aponeroseus and LIgaments

composed of dense regular CT

surrounded by a epitendineum divided into fasciles by endotendinium made of tendinocytes (fibroblasts)

muscle to bone

Dense regular CT

col type I

join bone to bone

ELASTIC ligaments have more elastic fibers. ex = ligamentum flavum

Broad Flat tendon arranged in multiple layers 90 degs from each other.

Dens Regular CT. ColTyp1

1. cellularity

2. compartemtilizaton

3. has a basal lamina and

4 avascular

epithelia, muscle, adipose, schwann contain it

slective barrier, physical support, compartmentalization

contain lamina densa, lamina lucida, proteo glycans, laminin

membrane can be seen at lm

em needed to see lamina

require em. 50 nm thick.

contains collagen IV

coated with proteoglycan perlacan w heparan sulfate GAG

contain fibronectin= glycoprotein (made of fibroblasts). faces lamina reticularis

50 nm thick.. so what does that req?

contains laminin (contains collegen IV, integrin, heparin sulfate binding site) and glyco proteins =entactin and

dystroglycans

it is a component of basal lamina

Fnc: anchors PM to BL

collage vii fibers

anchors bm to lr and other reticular fibers

anchoring site for basal lamina and ct. Site of RET fibers =

collagen fibers III

microfibrils

and microfibrils (fibrillin) ties elastic fibers to basal lamina

Col type vII ties reticular fibers to lamina densa

progressive muscular weakness due to lack of dystrophin.

Dystrophin: reqd to bind laminin on basal side (external) to actin filaments (internal).

x linked disorder found in males

heparin sulfate GAG

found in lamina densa. coasts both sides.

 binds to a site on laminin in lamina lucida

contains 3 large pp chains held by disulfide bonds

Foun almost exclusively in basal lamina.

Binding site: heparin sulfate, collagen type IV and integrin

located in sites of gas, fluid or metabolic exchange

morphology is flat, platelike

blood vessels, bowmans capsule, alveoli

found in lamina densa

produced by epithelial cells

found in meshwork, no fibrils

type of glycoprotein

found in lamina densa. made by fibroblasts

vshaped and a large dimer

bind to cell membrane via arg, gly, asp residues to collagen and heparan

made by FIBROBLASTS

Component of Ground Substance

- charged, rod shaped. repaeating subunits of amino sugars. bind large amounts of h2o

mostly sulfated except for hyaluronic acid.

inflexible

stained with BASIC DYES?

golgi

except for hylauronic acid

component of ground substance

consists of core protein + sulfated GAG

look like a wire brush where brush= GAG

stem= protein.

Its large size attributed to gel state of ecm

1) By occupying a large volume,they minimize movement of microorganism into cell
2) Form Molecular filter

signaling molecules and growth factos

1. laminin

entactin

3. fibronectin

4. tenascin

5. chondronectin

6. osteonectin

fasten various tissue components together

most have binding site of integrins, collagen fibers and proteoglycans

1. collagen

2. elastin

3. reticular

found in lamina lucida

binds laminin where its 3 chains come together

composed of tropocollagen subunits

these differ by a chain AA

gly= every 3rd AA

gly, pro, hydro pro

hydro pro, and hydro lys  are uniqe to col

3 alpha PP chains

osmium stain shows banded pattern

usually stained with acid stain = eosin

occurs in RER= preprocolalgen resembles tightly wound rope. 3 PP chain prepor make 1 pro

from rer--> golgi= glycosylation --> transgolgi --> out of cell

OUtside peptidases cleave frayed ends --> tropocollagen

Prepro-pro-trpo--> fibirils

VIT C DEP

triple helix structure

self assembled subunits 67nm bands.

 assembled head to tail.

have GAP and OVERLAP regions

EM: have dark and light bands..

NOTE type iv and VII are not fibrillar.

composed of fibrils

Coll type II

found in loose ct

50% of aorta

made by fibroblasts

rich in gly and pro

made by microfibrilis which are made by fibrilin

Aorta is made of elastin sheets=contain fenstrations, lack microfibrils

made by 4 covalent bonds btwn lys resiude -> form isodemosine and desmosine

gene defect in chromosme  15 for fibrillin

--> predisposed for fatal rupture of aorta.

located on apical lateral side of epthelial cells

prevents lateral movement

created by cadherins and occludins (transmembrane proteins) = not Ca++ dep.

Associate with ZO 1,2,3 on cytoplasmic side link to actin web

Ridges on p face

Grooves on E face

found on epthelial, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and neurons

contains connexon made of connexins

connexons of adjacent cells must align

Low intracellular pH or high [ca] closes channel.

located on lateral domain of epithelial cells under occludins

E adherins are ca dep

bind to several protiens on cytoplasmic side= attachment to actin of terminal web

located on lateral side of epithlial cells random arrangement.

aka desmosomes

spot welds which resist cohesiver forces.

connect to attachment plaque on cytoplasmic side

plaque= desmoplakins and pakoglobins which provide link to tonofilaments IF's.

attach of plaques to macual adherins

part of cadherin family = ca dep

autoimmune disease where autoab to desmosomal proteins (macula adherins)

present with blsiterin of skin

inflolding of basal membrane allow for greater exchange

conatain :focal adhesions

& Hemidesmosomes

main family of transmembrane proteins = integrins

found on basal domain of epithilail cells

it is an extracellular junction

anchor actin of cytoskelton to basement membrane

extracellular junction

located on basal domain of epithllial cells

anchor IF to basement membrane via integrins

cytomegalo virus and

cholera toxin

loosen the seal --> inc. permeabiltiy.

c. perferinges

helio bacteria

dustmites

mostly act on ZO 1 or 2

Holocrine- apoptosis of cell releases contents

Mercorine- traditonal exocytosis via vesicle membrane fusion

Apocrine. part of cytoplasm is incorportated into secretion. ie mamamary. or armpits. odipherous.

LACK  of VITC prevents hyrdroxylation of lys and pro and inability to form collagen

Bleeding gms

coll Type III

made by fibroblast cells

does not form bundles but does form fibrils

mesh work like pattrern

found around nerves, small blood vessels

def= Ehler-Danlos

def in Type III COL

collagen that stregthens skin becomes too elastic

blood vessels likely to rupture

lack microfibrils --> found in aorta

4 covalent bonds involving lysine

aggrecans: binding sites for growth factors and signalling molecules. especially abindant in cartilage

syndecans: allows plasma cells to attach to ecm proteins of ct.