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| honorary rank in the military receiving no better pay or treatment from being a ten year veteran. |
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| fought in the Florida swamps, 14% of troops sent die in the war, mostly of illness, lasts from 1835-1842. Caused by Whites wanting land from Seminoles in Florida, U.S. loses 1,000 lives but wins eventually. |
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| in charge of Southern department after War of 1812. |
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| Incident where Jackson initiates large invasion of Spanish-controlled Florida, executes two Brits, creates international crisis. |
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| Leader of Seminoles during Second Seminole War. Captured by Thomas Jesup |
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| Used flag of truce to draw our Osceola, wrestled him to the ground, and captured him |
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| used bloodhounds to track Indians |
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| only two generals out of seven sent whose reputations were increased by Second Seminole War |
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| Polk presidential slogan calling for territory up to Southern tip of Alaska, ends up accepting 49th parallel most of the way |
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| Mexican dictator and military leader |
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| right outside of Houston, Mexicans camped here and surprise attack by Sam Houston’s army wins the day. 630 killed, 730 captured/wounded in 15 minutes, including Santa Anna. |
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| Slidell sent by Polk to negotiate before Mexican-American war, Mexico won’t receive him |
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| leads resupply near Corpus Christi, first battle at Pau Alto, sends U.S. army into Monterray, gets involved in urban house to house fighting. |
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| one of the heroes during Monterray. Regimental quartermaster, abandons this position to get on a horse, ride out of city and get ammunition and ride back while being shot at the whole time. |
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| leads U.S. charge in California, creates Bear Flag Republic |
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| name of the country established by Fremont in California (questionable traitor?) |
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| comes from Fort Levansworth with reinforcements and seizes control after Fremont had been captured |
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| Leads troops to march 2100 miles in 1 year including battles at El Paso, Chiauhau, Saltie, never paid, never got full days ration or new clothes. |
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| takes over for Taylor; Polk is a democrat while Scott is a whig so Polk opposes him in order to avoid creating Whig war heroes. |
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| Polk’s law partner, promoted to keep an eye on Scott, is a failure militarily and then submits reports glorifying him when Scott had been the true leader. |
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| intercept U.S. amphibious landing plans, becomes dictator, plans to attack Taylor in the North and then go to coast to intercept Scott. |
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| fight between Taylor and Santa Anna. Mexicans have 15,000 troops, U.S. has 5,000, Mexicans fall back eventually after almost winning many times. |
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| leads Mississippi Rifles and saves day at Beuna Vista several times |
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| leads U.S. artillery at Beuna Vista, saves day once. |
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| needs to get to high ground to avoid malaria, this causes him to rush some plans |
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| Battle at Cerro Gordo. He actually launched, without orders, a frontal assault when he was just supposed to feint, and his forces suffered heavy casualties as a result. But the flanking force, following a route scouted by Robert E. Lee, was successful overall. |
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| negotiator of end of Mexican-American war. Sent by Polk and initially conflicts with Scott, but they later become friends. Negotiations at Cerro Gordo are just Santa Anna stalling, real treaty signed at Guadalupe-Hidalgo. |
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| Mexican military academy, final fight of Mexican-American war fought here. |
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| Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo |
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| Before negotiations can begin, Trist has trouble finding someone to negotiate with as Mexican government has collapsed. Talks almost collapse again when Polk tries to remove Trist after he finds out about Trist-Scott friendship, but Trist keeps on anyway because he was on verge of making a deal. Treaty signed in 1848, U.S gets California, Rio Grande as Southern Texas boundary, Mexico gets a total of $18 million. |
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| best Secretary of War in 19th century, worked with Franklin Pierce, instituted merit promotion, increased the size of the regular army, had ideas such as U.S. buying camels for out West (worked but then camels escaped) |
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| his division started the battle of Gettysburg when they were out looking for shoes, was a frontier legend promoted by Davis after he heard about Heth killing a buffalo with a bow/arrow riding bareback. |
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| new rifles fire these kind of bullets- shaped like a cone instead of a ball. |
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| writes new tactics manual |
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| war in Europe that some U.S. men go to observe to understand military operations better, lessons learned on rifle warfare and sanitation problems |
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| learns Russian and translates their tactics book in 8 months |
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| creates huge debate in navy over short cut-off engines vs. long cut-off engines, was very expensive, changes the social status of people on ships. |
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| landlords who would enforce debts by enlisting drunks in the navy. |
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| the daily whiskey ration in the navy. A half pint. |
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| leadership times manpower times material times morale |
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| the idea in the South that because the price of cotton remains the same even during recession, the South can use their monopoly on it to force other countries into the war/to support them. |
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| the Confederate president |
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| Jefferson Davis’ strategy in the civil war. |
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| convinces Lincoln to try to rescue Fort Sumter |
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| surrenders U.S. army in Texas when Texas secedes (16% of whole army) |
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| has bad relationship with Davis, is commander who fired at Sumter, flamboyant and grandiose but became good officer by end of war. |
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| was quartermaster general of confederacy, lost tons of food/supplies due to a hasty retreat through the mud. |
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| takes Harper’s Perry which is then lost by Johnston |
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| understood Jefferson Davis was the boss, controls state of VA forces, had fiasco in West VA, sent to Georgia then reinstated to Richmond in 1962. |
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| Scott’s plan for war- blockade confederate ports, squeeze coastline, splite confederacy with Mississippi River. Newspapers ridiculed this, called for “on to Richmond!” |
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| replaces Scott, is smart but paranoid and bad at taking orders. Never really attacks, makes excuses. |
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| becomes commanding general after brief stint of Lincoln trying to do so himself. Good at administration, bad at decision making. |
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| idea that the opposing army, not locations, should be the target of operations. |
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