Term
| Sharecropping and Crop Lien Systems |
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Definition
Sharecropping-collection of people working on land and paid percentage of crops
Crop Lien-taking out loan against next years crop |
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Definition
| Abolished slavery and involuntary servitude except for punishment for a crime |
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| Vetoed twice by Johnson, passed in 1866, allowed that people born in US are allowed to be citizens |
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| All people born in US were citizens and were to be given full and equal protection of law |
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| Allowed blacks to vote, ratified in 1870 |
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| Election of 1876 and Bargain of 1877 |
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Definition
| Election too close, Republican (Rutherford B Hayes) takes presidency and Democrats take control of South |
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| Organized, integrated way of thinking about the past |
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| Historians synthesize, analyze and interpret |
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| A document or physical object that was created during time of study |
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| A source that interprets and analyzes primary sources |
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Progressive- begins bad, progresses to good
Declensionist-starts good, declines to bad |
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Definition
| Faster means of travel across country, redefined meaning of time, led to creation of time zones. America had more RR track in 1900 than anywhere else in world |
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Definition
| Control of every aspect in production |
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Term
| Robber Barons/Captains of Industry |
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Definition
| Andrew Carnegie, JP Morgan, John D Rockefeller-monopolies on products, around 200 families controlling countries wealth |
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Term
| Credit Mobilier Scandal, 1872 |
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Definition
| Millions of dollars in overcharges for building the Union Pacific Railroad were exposed, members of President Grants admin. were involved |
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Term
| Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 |
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Definition
| Halted Chinese immigration to US |
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Definition
| Founded in 1869, fought for better wages, safety, child labor laws. Recruited everybody except Asians |
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Definition
| Wages were cut in BO RR in VA, strike spreads through 10 states, National Guard called in, over 100 deaths |
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| 1866 Parade, was peaceful congregation of up to 1 million people, 3 people shot, 6 officers killed by bomb, 8 people were then arrested for bomb |
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| 1893, wages cut, railyards were destroyed, 27 states affected, Eugene Debs who led strike is jailed |
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| Application of "natural selection" to justify class distinctions and poverty |
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| Advocates application of Christian principles to social probs of industrialization |
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| Prescriptive Primary Source |
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Definition
| Tells you what people thought should happen |
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| Descriptive Primary Source |
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Definition
| Tells you what people thought did happen |
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Term
| Frederick Jackson Turner and Frontier Thesis |
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Definition
| A speech given at the Colombian Exposition in Chicago explaining how the American Frontier of free land has led to American democracy |
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Term
| Collapse of Cattle Industry, Great Die up of 1886-87 |
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Definition
| Harsh winters and drought led to Great Die Up that killed 90% of cows on open range |
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Definition
| Created in 1874, helped to contain cattle, also contributed to Great Die Up when cattle could not find way around fence |
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| Allowed president to survey Indian land and divide it up between individual Indians |
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| short lived political party "Peoples Party" which existed through late 19th century. Most prominent member was William Jennings Brian, who gave powerful Cross of Gold speech, supporting silver standard in favor of gold standard |
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| Anarchist from Russia, was jailed many times for inciting riot and distributing illegal info such as birth control info. Attempted to assassinate Henry Frick, was imprisoned and subsequently deported back to Russia. |
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| Referred to the Spanish-American war, which lasted 10 weeks and earned the U.S. the Phillipines, Puerto Rico, and Guam |
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Definition
| Resulted from the Philippines being unsatisfied with U.S. holding the islands, because of revolt, U.S. stationed legislation in Philippines |
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| Homer Plessy derided segregation on transportation (trains in particular) but Supreme Court decided 7 - 1 that the segregation was not unconstitutional |
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Definition
| A movement supporting reduced or prohibited use of alcoholic beverages |
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Definition
| organization of lower class and well-off women to organize labor unions and eliminate sweat shop conditions |
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Definition
-Call for govt. reform (honest, righteous)
-Scientific approach (rule of the experts)
-Anger and dissolusionment about urbanization, optimism that citizens can initiate change
-Emphasizing social cohesion, opposite of social darwinism
-Citizen intervention necessary to improve social conditions |
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| Becomes prez when William McKinley is assassinated, gains trust busting reputation for breaking up monopolies, believes in individual success through hard work. BADASS PREZ |
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Definition
| Intended to stop price fixing in businesses and break up trusts, such as the Standard Oil trust. |
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Term
| Newlands Reclamation Act, 1902 |
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Definition
| Designed to bring irrigation to dry, arid western U.S. , ended up leading to damning of every major Western river. FAILURE |
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Term
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| Direct election of US Senate by popular vote |
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Term
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Definition
| Womens suffrage, women get the right to vote |
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Definition
Message from German ambassador in Mexico telling Mexico that if they fight US and win they will be awarded land lost to US
Troops are sent into Mex to stop arms from entering country |
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Definition
| US backs Carranza instead of Pancho Villa, Villa attacks Columbus NM, kills 18 Americans. Wilson asks Congress to declare war on Central Powers due to Villas raid. Congress approves. |
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Definition
| After consulting experts, compiles list of things that would bring peace to world, such as freedom of navigation, diplomacy in public view |
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Definition
| international organization with mission to maintain world peace |
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Definition
| During 1930's, due to Depression and WW1, American public opinion and policy leaned toward Isolationism, we primarily kept out of international dealings until Pearl Harbor forced hand |
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Term
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Definition
Prez Roosevelt signed SSA into law beginning Oct 1941 in preparation of WWII.
1940 |
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Term
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Definition
Signed into law by Roosevelt which US supplied Great Britain, USSR China France and other Allies with material ($50 billion total) Isolationists opposed the LLA.
1941 |
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Term
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Definition
Proposition forged by US and England:
1)Right of people to live in freedom from fear, want, tyranny
2)Free trade among all nations
3)Disarmament
4)End to territorial seizures
1941 |
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Term
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Definition
Japanese surprise attacked the US naval base in Hawaii. Intended to prevent US from interfering with military actions overseas. Caused US involvement in WWII. 2404 Americans killed.
Dec 7th 1941 |
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Definition
Series of riots that broke out in LA between white sailors and Marines and Latino youths who wore zoot suits, resulting in arrest of 9 marines (8 were released w/no charge) and >700 pachucos some of whom died in jail from complications from injury.
1943 |
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Term
| A Phillip Randolph & E.O. 8802 |
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Definition
| EO 8802 prohibited racial discrimination in national defense industry. In response to pressure from Philip Randolph (civil rights activist) |
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Term
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Definition
| Navajo Indian marines were instrumental in US success in Pacific during WWII, they designed a secret warfare code that foiled Japanese code breakers who tried to crack it. |
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Term
| Japanese American Confinement Sites |
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Definition
| over 110,000 Japanese Americans were ordered into internment after Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor. In 1980, Jimmy Carter conducted investigation on justification of internment camps, after finding little evidence of disloyalty, he payed $20,000 to each survivor |
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Term
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Definition
| During WWII about 350,000 women served in US armed forces at home and abroad and worked in industry where male enlistment left gaping holes; women in US workforce increased from 27% to 37%. |
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Definition
Day of Normandy landings, initiating the Western Allied effort to liberate mainland Europe from Nazi control.
June 6 1944 |
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Definition
| WWII meeting of heads of govt of US, UK, and USSR. intended to decide Europe's postwar reorganization. Agreed on priority of surrender of Nazi Germany, Germany demilitarized and denazified, among others |
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Definition
| Research and development project that produced first atomic bombs during WWII, led by US with support from UK and Canada. |
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Term
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Definition
| The first Nuclear Bomb was designed at what was called the Trinity site. Because scientists were unsure of whether the TNT explosion would charge the explosion of the plutonium, they built a huge steel jug around the bomb to contain the plutonium if the bomb was unsuccessful. Confidence in the bomb grew and Jumbo was not used after all. |
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Term
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Definition
| Conference between US UK and USSR to decide punishment of Nazi Germany which had surrendered 8 weeks prior. ended up in prosecution of Nazi war criminals, Germany and Austria split into four occupation zones. |
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Term
| The "Long Telegram", George F. Kennan |
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Definition
Telegram sent to U.S. Treasury Department, Kennan stated that USSR viewed left wing non communist groups as terrible enemies and that dealing with Soviets was the greatest task we ever faced and ever will face.
1946 |
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Term
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Definition
| US policy to prevent spread of communism abroad |
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Term
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Definition
International relations policy set by prez Truman stating that US would support Greece and Turkey w/ economic and military aid to prevent Soviet takeover.
March 1947 |
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Term
| Marshall Plan & Molotov Plan |
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Definition
Molotov-system created by USSR to provide aid to rebuild countries in east Europe-soviet version of Marshall Plan, which was US plan to rebuild Europe countries.
(1948-1952) |
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Term
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Definition
| North Atlantic Treaty Organization which states its members all agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party. |
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Definition
| Supplies and food needed to be airlifted into Berlin because Stalin had blocked off any free parts of Berlin |
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Term
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Definition
| NK attacked SK, US seeks approval for UN troops to be issued and is granted. Primarily US troops move in, push NK back past 38th parallel,attempt to push farther, no good, remain at 38th parallel today |
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Term
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Definition
-Push back Commy influence wherever it appears
-"Foster seeds of destruction within Soviet Union"
-Struggle permanent
-Americans must sacrifice "benefits which they have come to associate with freedom" to defend way of life |
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Term
| Election of 1952 - Richard Nixon VP Candidate |
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Definition
Nixon allegedly accepted gifts>$18,000
gives Checkers speech, wins hearts of Americans, he and Eisenhower win w/55% of vote |
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Term
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Definition
| Argues that Rock 'n' Roll provided a discourse through which young Americans could examine and attest the definition that adults applied to family, sexuality and race |
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Term
| Presidents Committee on Civil Rights (1946) |
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Definition
| Called for by Truman to examine Civil Rights in America and propose measures to strengthen them. Led to desegregation of work force as well as armed forces. |
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Term
| Secure These Rights (1947) |
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Definition
| Drawn by Truman, advocates permanent Civil Rights division, voting rights protection, anti-lynching legislation, legal attack on segregation. Swayed black voters to democratic side. |
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Term
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Definition
Founded by W.E.B. Dubois along with others, intended to promote equality and erase prejudice in America.
1909 |
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Term
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Definition
| Prominent figure and lawyer for NAACP, was rejected by Maryland College on basis of race, and in return, won a court case to allow another black student to join the college. |
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Term
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Definition
Topeka Kansas, opponents argued that facilities were separate but unequal, final ruling was that segregation has no place. Thurgood Marshall showed that segregation was harmful.
1954 |
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Term
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Definition
The 9 black students that began integration at Central High in Little Rock. Dont manage to get inside until 3rd day, Gov called in national guard against children.
1957 |
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Term
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Definition
Visiting relatives in Mississippi, whistled at white woman and 2 men abduct Till and brutally beat him and dump in river. Mother decides on open casket to make statement.
1955 |
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Term
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Definition
Rosa Parks refuses to move, driver calls police and Parks is arrested. Buses were boycotted for ~1 year, then segregated transportation was ruled inconstitutional.
December 1955 |
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Term
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Definition
| Led Montgomery Bus Boycott, started SCLC (southern christian leadership conference) and led to other boycotts |
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Term
| 1st Televised Prez Debate |
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Definition
JFK vs Richard Nixon
Television changes public perception, JFK wins election because he appears more confident, less sweaty, and more attractive |
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Term
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Definition
| Aid to underdeveloped countries and people, increase US influence across world |
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Definition
Unsuccessful military invasion of Cuba, embarrassing for U.S. Ended up strengthening the Castro administration
April 16th 1961 |
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Term
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Definition
Closest moment of nuclear conflict between USSR/Cuba and US during Cold War. Tensions rose many times, but US and USSR came to an agreement on foreign policy.
1962 |
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Term
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Definition
Kennedy was shot while in being escorted by car by Lee Harvey Oswald
Nov 22nd 1963 |
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Term
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Definition
Timothy Leary was an American psychologist and writer, proponent for LSD use which ran rampant in 60's for "therapeutic purposes".
"Tune in, Turn on, Drop out"
called most dangerous man in America by Richard Nixon
Took LSD over 300 times |
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Term
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Definition
| led by Ken Kesey, from California and Oregon, did acid tests on unsuspecting guests, and drove a weird bus around the country doing weird pranks |
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Term
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Definition
| Live off of land, room with a bunch of other people in a single house and share everything. Tear away from technology, culture |
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Term
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Definition
For info that:
is useful as a tool, relevant to independent education, high quality and low cost, and easily available by mail. Catalog was a magazine that became popular. Published from 1968-1998 |
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Term
| Univ of Wisconsin Protest |
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Definition
Protested Dow Chemicals coming to campus to recruit, because they were recruiting students to manufacture chemical weapons (Agent Orange)
Chancellor called Madison Police, everybody was beaten, 65 people sent to hospital
1967 |
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Term
| Democratic Convention of 1968 |
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Definition
Many people wanted Bobby Kennedy as next President, was assassinated right before being announced as democratic candidate.
Convention becomes out of control, police riot ensues. crowd chants "the whole world is watching"
Humphrey is elected as dem candidate, but loses to Nixon |
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Term
| Richard Nixon Foreign Policy (China) |
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Definition
Attempts to establish relationship with China,travels to China, first time thing for American since 1949.
Trip was success, works out deal that each country is entitled to 200 antiballistic missiles |
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Term
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Definition
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Companies
Members were countries in Middle East
Crisis was an oil embargo established by OPEC when US supplied Israel with arms after they were attacked by Egypt and Syria
1973 |
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Term
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Definition
444 days, 52 americans were held hostage in Iran because US offered the Shah refuge and medical treatment. Crisis ended when Shah died, hostages returned the day Reagan enters office
(1979-1981) |
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Term
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Definition
Stagnation-prolonged time of slow economic growth and unemployment +
Inflation-rise in pricing and decrease in money |
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Term
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Definition
Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 was largest tax cut in American history, 30% across board
Sharp increase of defense spending |
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