• Located in northern region of France
• came to in the early 10th Century
• Conquered Southern Italy
• Led several crusades

• A 14th Century venetian poet
• wrote about challenges of rights between men and women
• often referred to as the first female feminist

• a subculture within Judaism
• said to be a set of reading and/or scriptures found to be outside Judaism
• uses ssame beliefs as Judaism
• Used between 8th and 10th century, began as esoteric circles of kabbalistic dissemination by the French

• A 13th Century French dog 
• Dog was discovered after his master returned from a hunting trip.  Left his son in the care of Guinefort and upon returning, discovered the room a mess and the dog with a bloody muzzle.  Master slayed him upon this and later discovered his child unharmed next to a dead viper
• Master created a shrine for Guinefort and he was referred to as a Saint for the protection of infants

·         Formed in the year 1215 by Innocent the 3rd

·         Believed in the seven sacraments of and in order baptism, confirmation, matrimony, holy orders, extreme junction, penance and Eucharist

·         Religious sect formed in 11^th century France

·         Protest against ecclesiastical wealth and power

·         Dualist though descended from Zoroastrianism

• Expanded quickly and frightened/threatened the Church

• Queen of Aquitane during the 12th Century

·         A deadly pandemic caused by the outbreak of plague by ticks and rats

·         Occurred in the 14^th century in Europe

·         Claimed the lives of 10% of European population

·         Originates in China but spreads through Mediterranean trade routes

·         English King who ruled from 1272-1307

·         Invaded Scotland and Wales, a legislative king who governed by statute

·         Believed parliament was to assist king, not supplant his reign

·         Chancery, exchequer, council, household

·         Conquered Wales, but was unable to conquer Scotland

·         Lombard princess who lived in the 11^th century

·         Married Robert Guiscard in 1058

·         Often accompanied and fought next to him in his conquests

·         French Pope from the 11^th century

·         Helped start the First Crusade in belief it would help papacy be at head of popular movement and be a moral leader of Europe

·         Doge of Venice in the 12^th century

·         Venetian born

·         Known for his involvement in the fourth crusade in which he helped take Constantinople

·         10^th Century German settler expansion across the Elbe and down the Danube

·         Christianization, Germanization, and Europeanization of Slavic lands

·         12^th century sultan of Egypt

·         Led the battle in the Horn of Hattin, resulting in the Islamic conquest of Jerusalem

·         Statement of spiritual supremacy by Pope Boniface VIII in the 14^th century

• Stated that in order to be accepted by the church, you must pledge to Pope Boniface

·         Set of Catholic laws established in the 11^th century

·         Represented power, authority, income and respect

·         Sought to clarify, restore order, and remove contradictions from lawyers in University

·         14^th century French, Christian saint

·         He was exiled from his home due to illness and was forced to live in the woods

·         A dog came and licked at his plague wounds and they eventually healed

·         French king who ruled during the 12^th century

·         Destroyed English Angevin Empire

·         Used bailiffs, salaried royal officials to help local governments

·         Made Paris the capital and most important city in France

·         Waged albigensian crusade in the 13^th century

·         Elected king of France in the 10^th century after folding of Carolingian dynasty

·         Formally established in 1216 from the beliefs of St Dominic

·         Gained papal authority to preach among Cathars

·         Fourth Lateral council was developed in 1215 to help establish formality

·         Strict individual poverty

·         A 13^th century  Italian merchant

·         Journeyed to Asia and became an ambassador to the Pope for Kublai Khan

·         Wrote Il Milione which introduced Europeans to Central Asia and China

·         Trading became a more advanced way of income in the 10^th century

·         trade became popular along great European rivers

·         late 10^th century, European commerce surges

·         Group name for the most prestigious universities in the Holy Roman Empire

·         Reserved for men and clerics only at the beginning

·         Later became available to the wealthy as well

·         13^th century

·         13^th century religious movement of radical Catholics

·         People who practiced would whip their flesh with various instruments

·         Occurred in the early 14^th century, a mini ice age

·         Rains of 1314 caused poor harvest in 1315-1322 which lead to famine

·         12^th century rabbi born in Spain

·         Wrote the Guide for the Perplexed, which argued there was no conflict between faith and reason in Judaism

·         Military order during the 12^th century

·         Lowest in the military order, made up of the poor

·         Formally a penalty, but used as a way to influence rulers

·         Forced all churches to close and were not able to hold holy sacrements

·         Avignon became papacy from 1309-1378

·         Southern France

·         Clement V moves papacy to Avignon

·         Gregory IX moves it back to Rome

·         Clement VII elected and moved papacy back to Avignon

·         14^th century Czech priest

·         A German priest born in 1483

·         Challenged the Catholic church and Pope with his views of the bible

·         An Italian explorer born in 1451

• Gregorian reformed papacy and Urban II 

·         Period in which Christian kingdoms succeeded in retaking the Iberian peninsula from Muslims

·         A Flemish Franciscan missionary who loved during the 13^th century

·         Accompanied King Louis XI on the seventh crusade

·         Went to Constantinople to convert Tarters