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HIST 102 Final
blech
146
History
Undergraduate 1
12/06/2010

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Term
one of Alexander II's Great Reforms
Definition
Emancipation of the Peasants
Term
Dumas
Definition
municipal councils
Term
Zemstvos
Definition
councils of the land; built schools, roads, etc.
Term
Socialists
Definition
Critics of the new industrial world
Term
Robert Owen
Definition
cotton mills; most famous model community
Term
Karl Marx
Definition
a "Renaissance Man"
Term
F. Engels
Definition
co-writer of the Communist Manifesto
Term
Marx's Critique of Capitalism (3)
Definition
exploitation of workers; anarchy of production; alienation of man
Term
Marx's Theory of Revolution
Definition
class consciousness>>revolution>>socialism>>communism
Term
Proletariat
Definition
working class
Term
Socialism
Definition
one of the reactions to the Industrial Revolution; for cooperation, against competition; state control of the means of production
Term
Communism
Definition
Community control of the means of production; complete democracy
Term
First International
Definition
working body of radicals; Karl Marx was a member
Term
Second International
Definition
created by Marxists after Karl Marx died; peaceful transition
Term
Imperialism
Definition
expansion of country at expense of other, "weaker" countries
Term
Charles Darwin
Definition
natural selection
Term
Herbert Spencer
Definition
social darwinism
Term
Social Darwinism
Definition
ideological prop for imperialism
Term
Survival of the Fittest
Definition
term coined by Herbert Spencer
Term
Henry Ward Beecher
Definition
Reverend dude; being rich was a natural gift
Term
Rudyard Kipling
Definition
believed it was Europeans responsiblity to take up the "White Man's Burden"
Term
White Man's Burden
Definition
to convert other colonies to Christianity
Term
Hinduism
Definition
India's main religion
Term
Varnas
Definition
vertical social order;
1. brahmans & priests
2. kshatiyas or warriors
3. vaishyas; merchants & farmers
4. shudras; laborers & serfs
5. harijans; ppl engaged in tasks considered polluting ie. work w/ animal carcasses & skins
Term
Jatis
Definition
horizontal castes; cultural and occupation divisions within the varnas
Term
Outcast
Definition
one banished from jatis(castes)
Term
India
Definition
Crown Jewel of British
Term
Gautama Siddhartha
Definition
Buddha
Term
Mohandas Gandhi
Definition
molded traditional Hindu beliefs into political message; preached non-violent civil disobedience
Term
National Congress Party
Definition
India's first and most important political party
Term
Manchu Dynasty
Definition
ruled China
Term
Sun Yat Sen
Definition
president of China; embraced Western ideas; father of modern China
Term
Chiang Kai Shek
Definition
set up a military dictatorship in China
Term
Mao Ze Dong & Zhou En Lai
Definition
leaders of communist movement favoring the vast peasant majority in China
Term
Shogunate
Definition
generalissimos who ruled Japan
Term
Shintoism
Definition
Japan's traditional religion; emperor is God
Term
Samurai
Definition
Japan's traditional warriors
Term
Commodore Matthew Perry
Definition
wanted trade with Japan
Term
Manchuria & Korea
Definition
Japan and Russia wanted
Term
Russo-Japan War (1904-1905)
Definition
caused by territorial disputes; Japan wins against Russia
Term
Empire of Mali
Definition
greatest state of Africa
Term
Mansa Musa
Definition
Mali's emperor
Term
Timbukto
Definition
the "Queen of the Sudan"; Mali's leading city
Term
Triple Alliance
Definition
Germany, Austria, Italy
Term
Triple Entente
Definition
France, Russia, Great Britain
Term
Kaiser William II
Definition
no. 1 warmonger of WWI (the Great War)
Term
Archduke Francis Ferdinand
Definition
assassination was immediate cause of WWI
Term
Black Hand
Definition
terrorist organization with support of Serbian gov.; operated in Bosnia
Term
Gavrilo Princip
Definition
guy that assassinated Archduke Francis Ferdinand
Term
Balkan Powder Keg
Definition
one of the causes of WWI
Term
Bosnia & Herzegovina
Definition
Austrian territories in Balkans; part of Balkan Powder Keg
Term
Allies
Definition
France, Russia, Britain, Italy, U.S., Serbia
Term
Central Powers
Definition
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire
Term
Western Front
Definition
trench warfare of WWI
Term
Battle of Verdun
Definition
biggest battle of WWI
Term
Tanks, Submarines, Planes
Definition
military vehicles of WWI
Term
Artillery & Machine Guns
Definition
important new military weapons of WWI
Term
Trench Warfare
Definition
War fought in trenches on western front of WWI
Term
League of Nations
Definition
agency created after WWI to guarantee peace, U.S. refuses to join
Term
Why does U.S. refuse to join the League of Nations?
Definition
because of an isolation mood which set in after WWI
Term
Woodrow Wilson
Definition
U.S. president during WWI
Term
Treaty of Versailles
Definition
peace treaty after WWI
Term
War Guilt Clause
Definition
part of Treaty of Versailles; put all the blame on Germany
Term
Why the War Guilt Clause and hatred of France toward Germany?
Definition
because WWI was fought mostly on France soil
Term
Russian Industrial Revolution
Definition
different kind of industrial revolution--engineered by the gov.
Term
Sergei Witte
Definition
Finance Minister; directed Russian Revolution
Term
Duma
Definition
parliamentary body with limited power
Term
Nicholas II & Alexandria
Definition
Russian guy went to war, wife left in charge--bad decision
Term
Rasputin
Definition
"Mad Monk"; Alexandria's trusted advisor
Term
Peter Stolypin
Definition
Stolypin's neckties; Minister of the Interior; attacked the mir(commune) system
Term
Paul Milyukov
Definition
leader of the Provisional Government
Term
Socialist Revolutionaries
Definition
favored the peasants; believed gov. needed overhaul; wanted communal society; hated Stolypin
Term
Victor Chernov
Definition
Socialist Revolutionary dude
Term
Bolsheviks
Definition
radical Marxists
Term
Mensheviks
Definition
orthodox Marxists
Term
Lenin
Definition
leader of Bolsheviks
Term
Yuri Martov
Definition
leader of Mensheviks
Term
Trotsky
Definition
Lenin's right-hand man; Commissar--traveled around inspiring troops
Term
Provisional Government
Definition
selected by Duma to take over
Term
Reds vs. Whites
Definition
Reds-Bolsheviks; Whites-lost
Term
New Economic Policy
Definition
combination of socialism & capitalism; introduced by Lenin
Term
Stalin's Revolution from _____
Definition
Above
Term
5 yr plans
Definition
hyper-industrialization program
Term
Collectivization
Definition
collective farms on which peasants would work for state
Term
purges
Definition
get rid of ppl in party that were criticizing
Term
Stalin--leader?
Definition
Vozhd
Term
Petrograd becomes ___
Definition
Leningrad
Term
Mussolini--leader?
Definition
Il Duce
Term
Fascism
Definition
Italy; far right response; idea-strength through unity; foundation-conception of the state; more focues on conflict of social classes; complete opposite of Marxism
Term
Mussolini
Definition
takes power of Italy through March on Rome
Term
Victor Emmanuel II
Definition
who March on Rome was against
Term
March on Rome (1922)
Definition
Mussolini vs. Victor Emmanuel II
Term
Blackshirts
Definition
Mussolini's army
Term
Nazism
Definition
Germany
Term
Hitler--leader?
Definition
Fuhrer
Term
Weimar Government
Definition
overthrows German gov.
Term
Beer Hall Putsch
Definition
try to overthrow Weimar Gov.
Term
Mein Kampf
Definition
My Struggles; Hitler's memoirs
Term
Lebensraum
Definition
"living space"; German territorial expansion
Term
Volk
Definition
people
Term
Night of the Long Knives
Definition
Hitler has his opponents rounded up & shot
Term
Reichstag Fire
Definition
fire at Parliament; Hitler blames Communists-lie; puts Germany into state of emergency
Term
Enabling Act
Definition
gave power to Hitler for 4 yrs
Term
Gestapo
Definition
Hitler's political police
Term
Brownshirts
Definition
strong arm of Hitler's party
Term
SS (Schutzstaffel)
Definition
Hitler's security guard
Term
Allies vs. Axis Powers
Definition
Allies:
Great Britain, France, Soviet Union, U.S., China
Axis:
Japan, Germany, Italy
Term
Holocaust
Definition
implementation of Hitler's idea of the final solution
Term
Eastern Front
Definition
front on which WWII was won
Term
Battle of Stalingrad
Definition
turning point of WWII
Term
A-Bomb
Definition
U.S. used against Japan
Term
Cold War
Definition
Soviets vs. U.S. due to misunderstandings b/t
Term
5 pts of socialism
Definition
1. social & economic injustices
2. organization of society
3. cooperation
4. solidarity
5. democracy
Term
_____ hit hardest during recessions.
Definition
Working class
Term
Alexander II's Great Reforms:(5)
Definition
1. emancipation of serfs
2. military
3. judiciary
4. dumas/zemstvos
5. censorship
Term
Causes of imperialism: (4)
Definition
1. new materials
2. Christianity
3. Social Darwinism
4. nationalism
Term
Effects of imperialism:(4)
Definition
native peoples:
+ "progress"
- exploitation

Europeans:
+ economic benefits for investors
- increased taxes & internatl. tensions
Term
Varnas:
Definition
1. b-priests
2. k-warriors
3. v-merchants, farmers
4. s-serfs, laborers
5. harijans
Term
Japan is
Definition
oligarchy
Term
Oligarchy
Definition
ruled by wealthy elite
Term
Japan's sneak attack on _____ - Russia's Pacific base
Definition
Port Arthur
Term
Causes of the Great War (WWI): (4)
Definition
1. entire scenario: nationalism, militarism, imperialism fueled arms race
2. failure of statesmanship
3. the "powder keg" situation in the Balkans
4. German military dudes favored war
Term
Battle of the Somme River
Definition
stalemate
Term
Russian Industrial Revolution based on _____, ie _____.
Definition
infrastructure, railroads
Term
one result of Industrial Revolution
Definition
creation of working class
Term
Mistakes of Provisional Government: (3)
Definition
1. wouldn't leave war
2. wouldn't formally allow peasants to take land
3. wouldn't hold election
Term
Soviet Union fought on ____ side.
Definition
Republic
Term
Lenin - "____, ____, & ____"
Definition
peace, land, bread
Term
German money
Definition
mark
Term
problems w/ Weimar Republic: (3)
Definition
1. weak
2. non-Germans
3. signed Treaty of Versailles
Term
Treaty of Versailles: (4)
Definition
1. divided German lands
2. Article 231 - Germany blamed
3. war reparations paid by Germany
4. Germans feel backstabbed
Term
Nazi Party = _____
Why add socialist?
were they socialist?
Definition
Nationalist Socialist Workers Party
- to compete w/socialist party
- NOT really socialist
Term
Ruler of Japan officially
Definition
emperor
Term
real rulers of Japan
Definition
Shogun
Term
Triple Alliance became
Definition
Central Powers
Term
Triple Entente became
Definition
Allies
Term
Socialist Revolutionaries favored _____.
Definition
peasants
Term
Bolsheviks AND Mensheviks favored ____.
Definition
working class
Term
Causes of WWII: (3)
Definition
1. economic dislocation
2. discontent w/ Treaty of Versailles
3. rise of dictators
Term
Nazism & Fascism commonalities:
Definition
1. violence
2. military
3. anti-modern
4. charismatic leadership
Term
Robert Owen's model socialist community was located in _____.
Definition
New Lanarch, Scotland
Term
Japan did NOT ____.
Definition
establish democracy
Term
Russian Industrial Revolution - _____ taxed heavily.
Definition
peasants
Term
Fascism
Definition
opposite of Marxism
Term
Direct causes of Hitler's rise to power: (3)
Definition
1. Reichstag Fire
2. Night of the Long Knives
3. Enabling Act
Term
______ killed during WWII.
Definition
50 million civilians
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