Term
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Definition
| salvation is a collective process |
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Term
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Definition
thought they were saving people
*important to Calvanist |
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Term
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Definition
| destruction of images (breakage of paintings) |
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Term
| French Wars of Religion (1559-1598) |
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Definition
needed to prepare for religious conflict (war)
highly organized armies |
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Term
| What was a protestant called in France? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what was the trigger of the French war?* look in book |
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Definition
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Term
| Catherine de Medici (1572) |
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Definition
| tries to moderate fighting |
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Term
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Definition
tolerated in limited way
could live in certain places |
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Term
| St. Bartholomew's Massacre |
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Definition
thousands of protestants killed in France
*this re-opens war |
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Term
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Definition
| no more lined up for the throne |
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Term
| Cousin to Henry II takes throne |
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Definition
| Henry of Navarre (protestant) |
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Term
Henry the fourth
* becomes Catholic himself
* was first protestant |
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Definition
| settles conflict between Spain fighting protestants |
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Term
Edict of Nantes (1598)
*protestants feel betrayed b/c leader changed to Catholic |
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Definition
| protestants may exist in France (religious toleration) and leader will give them protection |
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Term
| Catholic notions are for the collectiveness of salvation. |
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Definition
| Salvation can be seen as a collective process. |
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Term
| Protestant martyrs thought they were saving people by amputating defected parts in order to save the rest of their body. |
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Definition
| Martyrs are import to Calvinist. |
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Term
| Calvinist central belief is there future is pre-destined. |
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Definition
| The ultimate sign for dedication to faith, is for one to die for their beliefs. |
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Term
| Catholics were known for mutilating corps, even when the protestant was dead, they continued to torture their body. |
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Definition
| Iconoclasm is the destruction of religious images. |
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Term
| French Wars of Religion were from 1559-1598. |
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Definition
| French Wars of Religion were a conflict of protestants and catholics. |
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Term
| In France, a protestant was called a huguenot. |
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Definition
| However, the wars were not only a religious conflict, but a political conflict as well. |
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Term
| There were three major politically powerful families during this time. |
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Definition
| The first politically powerful family was the Guise family, who were Catholics. |
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Term
| The second politically powerful family was the Bourbon family, who were Protestants. |
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Definition
| The ultimate trigger for the wars was the death of Henry II, who died from a jousting injury to the eye. |
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Term
| Henry II's song became king at the age of 14 and was married to Mary Stuart. |
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Definition
| In 1572, Catherine de Medici tried to moderate the fighting. |
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Term
| Religious toleration is when the leaders tolerate beliefs in a limited way. |
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Definition
| For example, protestants could live in certain ways. |
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Term
| In the St. Bartholomew's Massacre, thousands of protestants were killed in France and this re-opens wars. |
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Definition
| In 1589, Henry II died and there was no one in line to take the throne. |
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Term
| Therefore, his cousin Henry of Navarre (protestant) took the throne. |
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Definition
| Henry the fourth settles the conflict of Catholic and Protestant and becomes Catholic himself. |
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Term
| The protestants feel betrayed because their leader changed from protestants to Catholic. |
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Definition
| In 1598, Edict of Nantes says protestants may exist in France and Henry the fourth will still protect them. |
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Term
| This temporary solution ends the wars and buys him time for a permanent solution. |
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Definition
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Term
| Gunpowder and Military Revolution in Europe |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| mounted solider with longbow replaced infantry |
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Term
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Definition
| Created by French to blow down English fortifications |
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Term
| Chinese invented gunpowder |
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Definition
| Europeans ran with the gunpowder idea |
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Term
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Definition
| very large cannon with front loader |
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Term
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Definition
| New fortifications (Italians) resist impact of cannon |
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Term
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Definition
new fort to resist impact of cannon
angles deflected momentum |
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Term
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Definition
Europeans perfect sieges
enemy sits outside in hopes to starve insiders |
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Term
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Definition
cost $$$ more
guns arent cheap
length of sieges
resources
new fort materials not cheap |
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Term
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Definition
| long lines firing at same time |
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Term
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Definition
| put gunpowder/cannons on ships |
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Term
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Definition
bombards on a merchant vessel
transformation into military warship
not equipped to handle bombards
front loader = big struggle |
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Term
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Definition
| peasant/poor solider slide onto cannon over ledge to re-load |
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Term
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Definition
| attach cannons to carriage for more mobility |
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Term
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Definition
naval battle
England vs. Spain |
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Term
| Spain had nicer boats than England |
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Definition
| But England wins b/c of carriage advantage for bombards |
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Term
| European expansion motive: |
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Definition
| 1. Economic - report how much gold and silver are present |
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Term
| European expansion motive: |
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Definition
2. Political- changes politics at home; struggle for power
gold + silver going back to Spain |
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Term
| European expansion motive: |
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Definition
3. Religious- fighting in the name of God
(people do alot for religious beliefs) |
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Term
| European expansion motive: |
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Definition
4. Intellectual-ellectrofying to find 2 continent masses with inhabitants living on them.
(convinced Americans were savages. Also plants and animals) |
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Term
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Definition
Violent
Devastating to Americans (enslaved or killed)
disease wiped out most |
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Term
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Definition
| Indian Americans were not |
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Term
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Definition
| sending sick people to invade first |
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Term
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Definition
lived in Tenochitlan
created empire by war
used violence |
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Term
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Definition
hierarchal arranged -social mobility
religious traditions
worshiped sun god |
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Term
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Definition
flourished with live pulsing hearts
-human sacrifice
priest conducted sacrifice at top of stairs |
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Term
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Definition
Human sacrifice was a form of terrorism
to maintain control in the empire |
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Term
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Definition
refused to pay taxes
collected money from conquered people |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Cortes has full power in Tenochitlan |
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Term
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Definition
empire administration
not based on fear
run command economy- totally regulated by government |
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Term
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Definition
| do not have system of writing- used quipu-used strings to keep records |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| no orderly transfer of power- one Inca to another |
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Definition
| created political instability |
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Term
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Definition
exchange of goods between Americans and Europe
(food, economy, farming) |
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Term
| Europeans took disease, horse, alcohol, tobacco, sugar and coffee to the Americans |
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Definition
| Americans took potatoes, tobacco, chocolate, tomatoes, and peppers to Europeans |
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Term
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Definition
labor- used them
taxed heavily |
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Term
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Definition
| Spanish created aristocracy |
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Term
| in American New World Aristocracy |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Spanish ruled by gift of clergy |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| took advantage of Amerindian women |
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Term
| resulted in mixed children known as mestizos |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
birth of Mulattoes (mixed children)
African X European |
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Term
| society of Castas- people of mixed heritage |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| people of European extraction but raised in Americas |
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Term
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Definition
| Spaniards grew up in Spain and came to Americas |
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Term
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Definition
| movement that talks about change from logic and reason |
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Term
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Definition
more efficient government
starts in Spain and Americas |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| don't like b/c they would loose control of government |
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Term
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Definition
sons are in office
in efficient/corrupt system
results: wars of independence
Creoles act against change |
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Term
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Definition
absolutism- king has all power
-system of monarchy |
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Term
| Government in French Absolution |
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Definition
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Term
| Regency of Marie de Medici |
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Definition
| undoes compliments of husband Henry VI |
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Term
| chooses chief minister Richelieu |
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Definition
| Richelieu-architect of absolutism |
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Term
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Definition
toughest war
after taking city of Rochelle
he revokes the rights of protestants |
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Term
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Definition
snoop or watch dog
one sent to each providence |
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Term
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Definition
took throne at the age of 5
was on the throne for 72 years |
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Term
| Anne of Austria- Louis XIV's mother |
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Definition
| Cardinal of Mazarin- continues beliefs of Louis 13th |
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Term
|
Definition
5 year civil war
big reaction against absolutism
starts in Paris and spreads
taxes increase |
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Term
| 1. influenced Louis 14th-civil war during reign |
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Definition
| 2. scare France into submission |
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Term
| Reforms: Palace of Versailles |
|
Definition
could hold 10,000 people
took 3 decades to build
uses palace as control method |
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Term
|
Definition
everyone has to live with him part of each year
lifestyle that keeps residents distracted |
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Term
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Definition
seating in venue: 1. chair with back and 2 arms
2. chair with back and no arms
3. backless chair
ranked by seating |
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