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HIST-101 Unit-1
BEFORE THE ROMANS: Spielvogel pp.1-112
69
History
Undergraduate 1
09/18/2008

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Term
A1-major origins of modern Western Civilization
Definition
Judeo Christian, Greco Roman, Germanic
Term
A2-consequences of the Neolithic agricultural revolution
Definition
Shift from Nomadic to domestic communities. Allowed for specialization. Division of labor. Gender roles, writing.
Term
A3-basic characteristics of civilizations
Definition
Urban focus, religious structure, oganised government, social structure, writing
Term
A4-contributions of the Sumerians to Mesopotamian culture
Definition
Bronze metal, wheeled transport, cuneiform writing, cylinder seal, ziggurats
Term
A5-characteristics of Mesopotamian civilization
Definition
focused on citys, experienced great political instability, pessimistic outlook, no positive afterlife
Term
A6-significance of Menes, of Osiris and of Isis
Definition
Menes united upper and lower Egypt - Osiris river deity (ressurection) Isis Land diety, wife of Osiris. Idea of ressurection & afterlife, judgement in this life for the next.
Term
A7-changes introduced by the Hyksos
Definition
New agriculture, bronze tools and weapons, warfare tactics weapons (chariots/swords)
Term
A8-significance of Ahmose I, and Amenhotep IV
Definition
Ahmose defeated & expelled the Hykos, reunited Egypt. Amenhotep - Epic fail.
Term
A9-important Indo-European languages
Definition
All derived from a single tongue: Greek, Latin, Persian, Sanskrit, Germanic.
Term
A10-contributions of the Hittites
Definition
Transmitted mespopotamian culture to the western civilization (mgreeks). Pat says "Iron".
Term
B1-accomplishments of King Solomon
Definition
Expanded political and millitary power and united Isreal, temple building. Judgement of the Child. Wisdom of a god.
Term
B2-characteristics of Yahweh
Definition
Single and only god, obey or be punished. All people were his servants whether they knew it or not. transcendant - created nature (his handiwork)
Term
B3-three aspects of Jewish religious tradition
Definition
Covenant, Law, Prophets.
Term
B4-new concepts of the prophets
Definition
Universalists, social justice. Warned the israelites they must obey God's commandments or fail and be punished.
Term
B5-influences of the Hebrews
Definition
History had meaning, all people are responsible to god. God cared for all people. Charity and social justice were important.
Term
B6-most important cultural contribution of the Phoenicians
Definition
Phonetic Alphabet.
Term
B7-factors allowing Assyrians to conquer and maintain an empire
Definition
eliminated heraldry rulership & used local officials. Deployed X00,000 troops at a time. communication by horse relay. Advanced military tactics (guerilla warfare), Iron.
Term
B8-important developments during the reign of Nebuchadnezzar II
Definition
Defeated Assyrian Empire, Restored Babylon, Hanging Gardens, Prosperous:Ag,Trade Routes,Industry (Metal)
Term
B9-policies of Cyrus the Great showing that he “demonstrated considerable wisdom”
Definition
Allowed conquered Babylon to keep it's officials, beranea province, appealed to their vanity he won their loyalty, didn't force but cultivated people's culture. Father type, gentle ruler, kept Persian/Native people in govt.
Term
C1-geographical features which played a significant role in developing Greek history
Definition
Small area (45k sq miles), surrounded by sea, High mountains.
Term
C2-developments during the Dark Ages which formed the basis of a revived Greece
Definition
Migrated across Agean sea, increased trade, Iron, alphabet, Homer, Farming.
Term
C3-basic story of the Iliad and of the Odyssey
Definition
Illiad - Trojan war, Odyssey - Odysseus, virtue is better than vice.
Term
C4-significance of the hoplites in the new military order
Definition
Armored Infantrymen, Phalanx, challenge aristocratic control.
Term
C5-effects of Greek colonization
Definition
Diffusion of Greek culture, Greater sense of identity/trade, Liked each other after touring about.
Term
C6-economic consequences of Greek colonization
Definition
Urbanization, Growth of the middle class.
Term
C7-actions of the tyrants which made their actions more acceptable
Definition
Built marketplaces & temples & walls (citys), fostered Art.
Term
C8-significance of Cypselus
Definition
So well liked he didn't need bodyguards, Son killed by mob because he failed at life.
Term
C9-changes introduced by Lykurgus
Definition
Millitary camp, dist land equally, common dining area eating fixed ammounts, selective breeding, exposure of children.
Term
D1-factors stimulating commerce and industry in Athens
Definition
Poor agriculture, mineral deposits, harbors.
Term
D2-reforms made by Solon, and by Cleisthenes
Definition
Solon- canceld land debts, outlawed human collateral, freed debtors/slaves. Only wealthy 1nd & 2nd class could hold political office. 3rd class=boule-agenda, 4th Poor can vote. All could do jury duty, no women.
Term
D3-significance of Sappho, of Hesiod, and of Theognis
Definition
Sappho - Great female lyric poet, homosexuality. Hession- Farmer, poet - God person, hardwork, honesty themes Theognis-Went broke poet, hob-nob only, don't mix w/poor.
Term
D4-sequence of the four major battles of the Persian Wars
Definition
Marathon, Thermopylae, Salmis, Platea.
Term
D5-governmental structure under Pericles
Definition
Assembly of citizens met 40x/yr. Executive council of 500 chosen by lot, 6k judges selected by lot, board of 10 generals elected annually.
Term
D6-philosophical attacks on democracy according to A.H.M. Jones
Definition
People have excess liberty & freedom, people are treated equally, poor majority will rule the rich minority.
Term
D7-reason the Athenian constitution was called a democracy according to Pericles
Definition
Power was in the whole of the people, not the minority.
Term
D8-fundamental long-range cause of the Peloponnesian War according to Thucydides
Definition
Fear that Athens & it's empire inspired in Sparta.
Term
E1-central theme of Herodotus’ work.
Definition
Conflict between the Greeks & Persians
Term
E2-assumptions of Thucydides about history
Definition
History repeats itself, not gods, but people & politics
Term
E3-story of Sophocles’s Oedipus the King
Definition
Fated to Kill his father and mary his mother
Term
E4-method advocated by Aristophanes’ Lysistrata to end the Peloponnesian war
Definition
sex strike by wives to end the war.
Term
E5-ways Classical Greek sculpture differed from the kouros figure of the Archaic period
Definition
nude males, relaxed postures, beauty over ridgid stiffness.
Term
E6-belief of Thales, and of Pythagoras
Definition
Thales - Unity of the universe linked by water. Pythagorias - Universe found through music and numbers.
Term
E7-teaching method used by Socrates
Definition
Question and answer style.
Term
E8-basic philosophical assumptions of Plato, and of Aristotle
Definition
Plato-Math is reality, ideas are perfect & eternal. Abstract thinking. Aristotle-Biology is reality, everything has a purpose. Organization and classification is important. Realistic thought.
Term
E9-function of each god:Zeus, Athena, Apollo, Aphrodite, and Poseidon
Definition
Zeus-Father, head god. Athena-Wisdom. Apollo-Sun. Aphrodite-Love, Posiedon-Oceans/earthquakes.
Term
E10-characteristics of Greek values
Definition
The male focus on friendship & homosexual relationships hurt male/female relations. Honor comes to heros. Fate is beyond control, yet influenced by personality. Associated the good life with youth, the good person with age. Develop excellence (arete) w/out excessive pride (hubris).
Term
F1-portrayal of Philip II by Demosthenes, and by Isocrates
Definition
Demosthenes-Ruthless, Decietfull & barbaric. Isocrates-Savior who would rescure the Greeks.
Term
F2-alliance created for the Greeks after the Battle of Chaeronea
Definition
Corinthian League.
Term
F3-Spielvogel’s interpretation of Alexander the Great’s aspirations
Definition
Autocratic monarchy vs. lofty vision of unity. Aspired divine honors (be a god).
Term
F4-political legacy of Alexander the Great
Definition
Millitary Monarchy.
Term
F5-dynasty established in Macedonia, in Syria, and in Egypt
Definition
Antigonid, Seleacids, Ptolemies.
Term
F6-innovative Hellenistic military techniques
Definition
Elephants, Catapults, Seige Weapons, new warships.
Term
F7-complaint of the Egyptian camel driver
Definition
looked down upon because he didn't know how to behave like a greek.
Term
F8-noticeable feature of Hellenistic social life
Definition
Increased role of women.
Term
G1-reason Alexandria was a cultural center
Definition
Rulers patronized culture, library.
Term
G2-focus of Polybius’s history
Definition
Inhabited mediteranian world, growth of Rome from a city-state to an empire.
Term
G3-contribution of Aristarchus of Samos, Eratosthenes, and Euclid
Definition
Aristarchus of Samos-Heliocentric (earth orbits the sun), Eratosthenes-Earth was rount, calculated circumference within 200miles, Euclid-fundamentals of geometry.
Term
G4-famous quotes of Archimedes of Syracuse
Definition
Eureka!, Give me a level and a place to stand, and I will move the earth.
Term
G5-contribution of Hippocrates to medicine
Definition
seperated medicine from philosophy.
Term
G6-beliefs of Epicureanism, and of Stoicism Epicureanism
Definition
Pleasure and friendship. Stoicism-Persuit of happyness through virtue, accepting fate.
Term
G7-beliefs of Cynicism, and of Skepticism Cynics
Definition
Replace the conventional with the natrual (hippies) Skepticism-Since knowledge is relative, be happy by suspending judgement. (I dunno)
Term
G8-fundamental premise of the mystery religions
Definition
Individuals could persure a path of salvation with a union to their god (jesus like figure.)
Term
G9-Jewish festival celebrating the capture of the Temple from the Seleucids
Definition
Hanukkah
Term
Essay 1-Four most important developments in this unit.
Definition
1-Technology (metal casting) 2-Religion 3-Knowledge/Culture 4-Women's roles.
Term
Essay 2-3 ideas from Hammurabi's Code
Definition
Eye for an Eye, Consumer Protection Laws, Women slaves have little rights.
Term
Essay 3-3 differences between mesopotamian and egyption civilizations
Definition
Afterlife (M-bad, E-good), Egypt Isolated, Meso-Lots of war, Predictability of water.
Term
Essay 4-3 most important contributions to Western Civ
Definition
Language, Spartan Perfection, Philosophy, Government.
Term
Essay 5-Develop 3 reasons that AlexTG captures the imagination of the modern world
Definition
Miracle of youth (20-32), Conquered the World, Alexandria, Empire building.
Term
Essay 6-4 Modern ideas influenced by Cynicism, Stoicism, Epicureanism, or Skepticism. Make clear which is which
Definition
Epicureanism=Agnostic, pleasure in moderation, Stoicism=Divine province, Cynicism=Hippies, Skepticism=don't care.
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