Term
| What is King Clovis of the Franks most notable for religiously? |
|
Definition
| He was the first Germanic King to become a Roman Catholic Christian. |
|
|
Term
| What did the Germanic raiders do after the Romans withdrew from Britain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Cistercian order was founded by monks who were dissatisfied with the lack of strict discipline at their Benedictine monastery. The Cistercians were very strict. They had a simple diet and each owned only one robe. They spent more time praying and laboring, by shortening the times of religious sevices. |
|
|
Term
| What were brutal Frankish marriage customs? |
|
Definition
| They placed strong sanctions, which sometimes included death on adulterous women. |
|
|
Term
| What was the early Christian heresy, thatArianism held? |
|
Definition
| Jesus was not fully divine. |
|
|
Term
| How did Saint Anthony, an Egyptian monk, set the pattern for Christian monasticism? |
|
Definition
| He gave away his earthly possessions to live in poverty. |
|
|
Term
| What did Benedictine monasticism stress? |
|
Definition
| Christian living in a community of believers. |
|
|
Term
| What did Jerome's lasting achievement, the Vulgate, require him to be familiar with? |
|
Definition
| both the Greek of the New and the Hebrew of the Old Testaments. |
|
|
Term
| As one of the few men to do so, what Cassiodorus cherish in the transitional period? |
|
Definition
| He cherished classical writings while being devoted to the Scriptures. |
|
|
Term
| What did Justinian's conquests partially restore? |
|
Definition
| The imperial Mediterranean world. |
|
|
Term
| At the end of Justinian's reign Byzantium had what that impressed that world? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was the Muslim leader Ali? |
|
Definition
| He was assassinated by religious opponents, was Muhammad's son-in-law, and inspired the Shi'ite Muslim movement. |
|
|
Term
| Who did the Ostrogoths and the Visigoths expel from their territories? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Ddd the Germanic peoples use tas a way to determine punishments for wrongdoings against people? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What became the basis of legal systems in much of Europe during the reign of Justinian? |
|
Definition
| Justianian's legal code, Corpus Iuris Civilis (Body of Civil Law) |
|
|
Term
| What were the five pillars of Islam? |
|
Definition
| belief in Allah and Muhammad as prophet; prayer 5 times a day and public prayer on Friday at midday to worship Allah; observance of the holy month of Ramadan with fasting; making a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in lifetime; and gives alms to the poor and unfortunate. |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 elements that formed the medieveal civilation of the Western Roman empire? |
|
Definition
| The germanic people moved into the western empire establishing new kingdoms, the attraction of the Greco-Roman cultural legacy, and the Christian church. |
|
|
Term
| What was the most powerful component of the new medieval civiliation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who brought Christianized civilization to the Germanc tribes? |
|
Definition
| The clergy, especially the monks. |
|
|
Term
| When did the Germanic people begin to migrate from their northern Scandinavian homeland |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who are the Visigoths, what did they do? |
|
Definition
| They were one of the largest Germanic groups. They became Roman allies. They were mistreated by Roman officials and they revolted and won. They took Italy, and then went for Spain. |
|
|
Term
| Who replaced the Western Roman Empire in 500 BCE? |
|
Definition
| a series of kingdoms ruled by German monarchs |
|
|
Term
| Which kingdom of Italy maintained the Roman traditions of government more than any other Germanic state? Why? |
|
Definition
| The Ostrogothic kingdom, because the King Theodoric was Roman educated, while hwas hostage in Constantinople. |
|
|
Term
| What kind of government did King Theodoric create? |
|
Definition
| It was a gov't of Roman and Ostrogothic practices. He established separate sysstem of rule for the Ostrogoths and the Romans. Those who were Italian lived under Roman laws administered by Roman Officials. Ostrogoths were governed by their own customs and officials. |
|
|
Term
| What similarities did the Visigothic kingdom of Spain have with the Ostrogothic kingdom of Italy? |
|
Definition
| Both were in favor of coexistence of Roman and Germanic people, both have a warrior caste dominating a larger native population, and both continued to maintain much of the Roman structure of gov't while excluding Romans from power. |
|
|
Term
| What were the differences between the Visigothic kingdom of Spain and the Ostrogothic kingdom of Italy? |
|
Definition
| The Visigothic kingdom did not prevent intermarriage, and they with the Hispano-Roman people began to blend. |
|
|
Term
| What was the weakness of the Visigothic kingdom? |
|
Definition
| It did not have an established procedure for choosing new ruled, so powerful people fought to be king. There were assasinations. |
|
|
Term
| What was the longest lasting kingom of the German states? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who established the Frankish Kingdom? |
|
Definition
| Clovis, by 510, it stretched from the Pyrenees in the West to German lands int he easy. |
|
|
Term
| How did the conception of family affect the way Germanic law treated the problem of crime and punishment? |
|
Definition
| An injury by one person against another could mean family of the injured party took revenge on the kin of the wrongdoer. It got out of control, so an alternative system arose with a fine called wergeld, which the wrongdoer would pay to the injured's family. The amount varied by status. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| It is paid by a wrongdoer to the injured's family. It means "man money". |
|
|
Term
| What were the two most commonuly used procedures in determining if one is guilty and should pay a wergeld? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Swearing of an oath by an accused person, backed by a a group of "oath helpers", who also swear that the person should be believed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| It is based on the principle of divine intervention, which is that divine forces would not allow an innocent person to be harmed. (Ex. if a man does not get burned by a red hot iron, god says he's innocent. |
|
|
Term
| What is the Frankish family structure? |
|
Definition
| Male dominates and makes important decisions. Women obey their fathers, and then were married into her husband's domination. Widows could hold property w/out male guardian. Husbands initiate divorce. Women can't commit adultery. |
|
|
Term
| Is the werguld of a childbearing wife higher than a man's? |
|
Definition
| Yes, but if she can't have kids, then no. |
|
|
Term
| What was the Christian church's system of government by the 4th century? |
|
Definition
| The church was headed by a bishop, and his area of jurisdiction was a bishopric or diocese. The bishopric of each Roman province were clustered together under the direction of an archbishop. |
|
|
Term
| Why did the church need a more formal organization? |
|
Definition
| Heresy was a problem. Too many contradictor interpretations of important doctrines emerged. |
|
|
Term
| Who was Arius and what were his views? |
|
Definition
| Arius was a priest from Alexandreia in Egypt. He believed that Jesus was human and not truly Goed. His followers created Arianism from him. It was amajor heresy in the 4th century. H was opposed by Athanasius, a bishop of Alexndria who believed Jesus was God. |
|
|
Term
| What did the church do as a response to Arianism? Did Arianism end after that? |
|
Definition
| The first ecunmenical council of the church was formed bringing together representatives from the entire Christian community. The Council of Nicaea condemned Arianism and states that was Jesus was God. This did not end Arianism. |
|
|
Term
| How did the role of the pope form? |
|
Definition
| Jesus gave the keys to kingdom of heaven to Peter, who was the chief apostle and first bishop of Rome. Subsequent bishops of Rome were Peter's sucessors and later were known as popes (from the Latin word papa, meaning "father") of the Catholic church. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A person who seeks to live a life divorced from the world, cut off from ordinary human society, to pursue an ideal of godliness or dedication to God. |
|
|
Term
| What was the role of women in monasticism? |
|
Definition
| Some women were nuns. There were double monasteries where monks and nuns lived in separate houses, but attended church together. They were headed by an abbess rather than an abbot. An abbess was responsible for making |
|
|
Term
| What did Justinian contribute to Rome? |
|
Definition
| He restored the Roman Empire in the Mediterranean, which included Italy, part of Spain, North Africa, ASia Minor, Plestine, and Syria. The most important contribution was his codification of Roman law. The Corpus Iuris Civilis (body of Civil Law), became the basis of imperial law in the eastern Roman Empire. |
|
|
Term
| How did Germanic invaders respond to Roman culture and institutions in the early centuries? |
|
Definition
| Ostragoths - They held onto Roman government, but had separate gov't from theirs, and they kept Roman culture. Visagoths - coexisted w/ Roman culture, the gov't excluded Roman officals, but they shared common law. Franks - replace Roman gov't w/ kings and new laws held onto Roman culture. |
|
|
Term
| How was Charlemagne able to unite and govern his large empire? |
|
Definition
| He united gov't by military campaigns. He governed Spain by depending on royal elites or counts. He had church reform such as creating new bishoprics and he revived them, he also oversaw monasteries. |
|
|
Term
| How did the Carolingian era compare to other years in this period? |
|
Definition
| The empire was divided into 3 sections in Treaty of Verdin: Charles the Bald (843-877) obtained the west Frankish lands, which formed the core of the eventual kingdom of France; Louis the German (843-976) took the eastern lands, wihch became Germany; and Lothair (840-855) received the title of emperor and a "Middle Kingdom" extending from the North Sea to italy. it led to the disentigration of the empire, and the emerging world of lords and vassals. |
|
|
Term
| How powerful was the Roman Catholic Church from 600-1000CE? |
|
Definition
| It was very powerfuled. It sarrted in East w/ Justinian revival of Costantinople. |
|
|
Term
| What are some ways the Roman Catholic Church dealt with politicics, hersy, missionary work, learning, and sexuality? |
|
Definition
| In politics, it assisted Kings on governing kingoms espcialy bishoprics. In heresy, they silenced the Arians, they were against homosexuality. In missionary work, the monasteries used sciptonies, copies of bibles. In learning, they revived education. In sexuality, they promoted celibacy and abstinence, or sex only for procreation. |
|
|
Term
| What caused the decline of the Byzantine Empire? |
|
Definition
| It was too difficult to maintain, size wise. Invading peoples strong from Arabia. |
|
|
Term
| What caused the revival of the Byzantine Empire? |
|
Definition
| There was more domestic order. |
|
|
Term
| What impact did the Byzantine world have by the tenth century on Slavic, Bulgarian, and particularly Russian people? |
|
Definition
| Missionaries convert them to Eastern orthodox. |
|
|
Term
| What was the appeal of Muhammad and Islam in its earliest years? |
|
Definition
| It granted everlasting life, observing five pillars: eternal paradise; beilef in Allah and Muhammad as prophet; praying six times a day; public prayer every Friday; Ramedan; and pilgrimage to Mecca. |
|
|
Term
| Why can it be said that Islamic civilization was superior to the civilization of Western Europe in the ninth and tenth centuries? |
|
Definition
| It was superior because they had achievements in math, astronomy. Greek classics came about. A new empire was made in Baghdad, and Arabic became international. |
|
|
Term
| What were the factors that contributed to the flourishing of Islamic Civilization under the Abbasids? |
|
Definition
| There was good trade and a astro-observatory was made. |
|
|
Term
| What were the major intellectual and cultural achievements of European civilizations during the High Middle Ages? |
|
Definition
| First universities around 1200s were made, |
|
|
Term
| What was going on with universities, theology, logical analysis, literature and architecture? |
|
Definition
| The universities had a curriculum in liberal arts and taught in Latin. You get a BA or MA in law medicine, theology, and professions.Theology was the study of religions. Logical analysis dealt with applying reasons to church doctrines. Architecture was romanesque and gothic. |
|
|
Term
| The expansion of the Carolingian Empire under Charlemagne was most successful against who? |
|
Definition
| The German tribes to the east. |
|
|
Term
| The "Carolingian Renaissance" refers primarily to the revival of which studies? |
|
Definition
| classical Greek and Roman studies. |
|
|
Term
| This "Carolingian Renaissance" was characterized by what? |
|
Definition
| classical works reproduced by monastic scriptoria. |
|
|
Term
| The Catholic Church's impact upon Frankish marriage and family customs led to what? |
|
Definition
| monogamy and marital permanence. |
|
|
Term
| How did the church in the Frankish kingdom view sexuality? |
|
Definition
| Encouraged clerical celibacy but found it impossible to enforce. |
|
|
Term
| What was the Carolingian diet? |
|
Definition
| Milk, eggs, and vegetables were the staples of all classes. |
|
|
Term
| What effect did Medical practices have in the Carolingian state? |
|
Definition
| It was carefully studied and improved in monasteries. |
|
|
Term
| What was the lord-vassal relationship of medieval Europe? |
|
Definition
| was an honorable relationship between free men. |
|
|
Term
| What was the economic structure of the early Middle Ages? |
|
Definition
| It was predominantly agrarian and underdeveloped. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An economic system based upon landed estates. |
|
|
Term
| The Photian schism resulted from disagreements over what nature? |
|
Definition
| the nature of the Trinity. |
|
|
Term
| The Muslim scholar Ibn Sina demonstrated what? |
|
Definition
| That disease can be spread by contaminated water. |
|
|
Term
| What did Southern Slavs convert to because of their proximity to the Byzantine Empire? Who converted them? |
|
Definition
| Eastern Orthodox Christianity, with the help of two Byzantine missionary brothers, Cyril and Methodius. |
|
|
Term
| The dramatic increases in European populations between 1000 and 1300 coincided with what? |
|
Definition
| improvements in methods of food production |
|
|
Term
| A social innovation associated with the new medieval agriculture was what? |
|
Definition
| the cooperative agricultural village |
|
|
Term
| The growing independence of medieval urban areas was due in large part to what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How were average medieval city characterized by? |
|
Definition
| a concern for the "common good" of the community. |
|
|
Term
| What caused the close of early medieval bathhouses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What conflict did University towns often experience? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who reintroducted the works of Aristotle and other Greek writers to Europe? |
|
Definition
| The works of Muslim scholars. |
|
|
Term
| What was the purpose behind the works of Thomas Aquinas? |
|
Definition
| To reconcile the apparent conflicts between faith and reason. |
|
|
Term
| What kind of society did the chansons de geste reflect? |
|
Definition
| A society where knights fought courageously for their kings and lords. |
|
|
Term
| The building boom of the twelfth century reflected what kind of society? |
|
Definition
| A society heavily influenced by the Church, one that had been much richer than it had been for many centuries, and one experiencing a religious revival |
|
|
Term
| What did Gothic style architecture improved on the Romanesque architecture? |
|
Definition
| By using flying buttresses that allowed more space for light. |
|
|
Term
| Who were Gothic cathedrals built by? |
|
Definition
| By the cooperative efforts of entire communities. |
|
|
Term
| Who was Eleanor of Aquitaine married to? |
|
Definition
| Both the king of France and the king of England. |
|
|
Term
| What did the church not like about Henry II? |
|
Definition
| Archbishops resisted him and they battled over power, because Henry liked secular courts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| It was made by King John. It was the 1st kind of constitution, and a model for future constitutions. It had the liberties of minimum tax, due pensions to earls, free church, and jury by peers. |
|
|
Term
| What did King Edward do during his reign |
|
Definition
| He created parliament, which brought two knights from each area to decide on new taxes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| He was a French king concerned with people. He conserved justice, and was a patron of arts. |
|
|
Term
| What did the Capetians do over several centuries? |
|
Definition
| gradually increased royal power over several centuries |
|
|
Term
| Who did the French monarchy inaugurate during the thirteenth century? |
|
Definition
| France's parliament: The Estates-General |
|
|
Term
| What did the Christian reconquest of Spain in the thirteenth century leave Granada? |
|
Definition
| It left Granada the last Muslim kingdom on the Iberian peninsula. |
|
|
Term
| Which countries did the Hohenstaufen ruler Frederick II favor and who did he neglect? |
|
Definition
| He favored Sicily and neglected Germany |
|
|
Term
| What did the Mongol invasions of eastern Europe and Russia lead to? |
|
Definition
| The final defeat of the Mongols in Silesia in 1241. |
|
|
Term
| The abbot of Cluny and his reform movement called for a return to what spritual ideals? |
|
Definition
| It called for a return to the spiritual ideals of Benedict. |
|
|
Term
| What did the Cistercians stress and reject? |
|
Definition
| Theystressed physical as well as spiritual work and rejected artistic decoration. |
|
|
Term
| What spiritual ideals did Saint Bernard of Clairvaux embody? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where did female monasticism in the twelfth century have its strongest intellectual tradition? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did Hildegard of Bingen typify on female monasticism? |
|
Definition
| She wrote three books on her mystical visions |
|
|
Term
| Who was the Albigensian heresy brutally crushed by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did brutalities did children face during the "Children's Crusade"? |
|
Definition
| They were drowned or sold into slavery |
|
|
Term
| The Black Death of 1348-1350 recurred in less widespread outbreaks until what century? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who were the flagellants? |
|
Definition
| Bands of people who abused themselves in order to win God's forgiveness. |
|
|
Term
| Which cities did the persecutions of Jews during the Black Death reach their worst limits? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What caused the French peasants' revolt known as the Jacquerie? |
|
Definition
| It was in part caused by the upheavals of the Black Death and the Hundred Years' War. |
|
|
Term
| How was the English peasants' revolt of 1381 differed from other revolts? |
|
Definition
| It was caused by increasing economic expectations |
|
|
Term
| How was the English peasants' revolt of 1381 differed from other revolts? |
|
Definition
| It was caused by increasing economic expectations |
|
|
Term
| Among the general trends of fourteenth-century English politics was the ________. |
|
Definition
| beginning of parliamentary power. |
|
|
Term
| What powere did the German Golden Bull give to seven elctors? |
|
Definition
| the power to choose the "King of the Romans". |
|
|
Term
| How and when did Pope Boniface VIII die? |
|
Definition
| In 1305 when captured by Philip IV. |
|
|
Term
| What was one result of the Great Schism? |
|
Definition
| It made Christians doubt the spiritual authority of the Church. |
|
|
Term
| What was Dante's Divine Comedy? |
|
Definition
| It was a synthesis of classical and medieval thought. |
|
|
Term
| What did Christine de Pizan attempt to refute in one of her most famous works? |
|
Definition
| The claims by men that women were weak and stupid. |
|
|
Term
| What did art of the fourteen century feature? |
|
Definition
| It featured attempts to imitate nature in the Classical style, a more realistic portrayal of human forms and faces, and a morbid images of pain and death. |
|
|
Term
| What did economic developments in the Renaissance include? |
|
Definition
| They included the concentration of wealth in fewer hands. |
|
|
Term
| What did Castiglione's Courtier praise? |
|
Definition
| It praised the courtly life? |
|
|
Term
| What were banquets in the Renaissance used for? |
|
Definition
| They were used to demonstrate wealth and power. |
|
|
Term
| How did towns and cities of the fifteenth century separate their populations? |
|
Definition
| By social and economic standing. |
|
|
Term
| How were marriages in the Renassiance family arranged? |
|
Definition
| They were arranged by parents. |
|
|
Term
| What secular concept did Machiavelli's Prince pave the way for? |
|
Definition
| It paved the way for the power of politics. |
|
|
Term
| What did Pico della Mirandola's Oration on the Dignity of Man state about humans? |
|
Definition
| It said that choose to be either earthly or spiritual creatures. |
|
|
Term
| What did Renaissance humanists teach about "liberal studies"? |
|
Definition
| That they enable men to reach their full potential. |
|
|
Term
| What did the invention of printing lead to? |
|
Definition
| A marked increase both in scholarly research and lay readership. |
|
|
Term
| What did Italian artists of the fifteenth century begin to emphasize? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did the Spanish rulers Ferdinand and Isabella invite the inquistion to do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which powerful group was Pope Leo X a member of? |
|
Definition
| The powerful Medici banking family. |
|
|
Term
| In The Prince, Machiavelli focuses on the importance of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Renaissance humanism looked to which groups for ideas and inspiration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who did Constantinople fall to in the middle of the fifteenth century? |
|
Definition
|
|
