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agricultural productivity
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| measured as the ratio of agricultural outputs to agricultural inputs; increasing the productivity of farms affects the region's prospects for growth and competitiveness on the agricultural market, income distribution and savings, and labor migration. |
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| 23 June 1757, was a decisive British East India Company victory over the Nawab of Bengal and his French allies, establishing Company rule in South Asia which expanded over much of the Indies for the next 190 years. The battle took place at Palashi, Bengal, on the river banks of the Bhagirathi River |
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| an indecisive battle between a British squadron under Vice-Admiral George Pocock and French squadron under Comte d Ache off the Carnatic coast of India near Pondicherry during the Seven Years War. The battle took place on 10 September 1759 |
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Indian cotton textiles used to make nearly all domestic cloth products, such as clothes and linens, before the country was deindustrialized under British colonial rule
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laws enacted by a legislative body, in this case the colonies. |
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Commissioner Lin (Lin Zexu)
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| a Chinese scholar and official during the Qing Dynasty; most recognized for his conduct and his constant position on the "high moral ground" in his fight, as a "shepherd" of his people, against the opium trade in Guangzhou |
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| the strategic advantage one business entity has over its rival entities within its competitive industry. This strengthens and positions a business better within the business environment. |
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| the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the land is thereafter converted to a nonforest use |
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| an early English joint-stock company that was formed initially for pursuing trade with the East Indies, but that ended up trading mainly with the Indian Subcontinent and China |
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| an industrial building where laborers manufacture goods or supervise machines processing one product into another |
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| a term coined by Thoreau regarding basic needs; food, water, shelter, fuel |
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| a market in which there is no economic intervention and regulation by the state, except to enforce private contracts and the ownership of property |
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| a system of trade policy that allows traders to trade across national boundaries without interference from the respective governments |
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Glorious Revolution of 1688–1689
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| the overthrow of King James II of England (VII of Scotland and II of Ireland) in 1688 by a union of English Parliamentarians with an invading army led by the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange-Nassau (William of Orange) who, as a result, ascended the English throne as William III of England together with his wife Mary II of England. |
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| served as a means for China to control trade with the west within its own country. Seen from the European view, it was a complement to the Old China Trade. |
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A strategy for economic development which encourages industrial growth within a nation in order to reduce imports of manufactures, save foreign exchange, provide jobs, and reduce dependency
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