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Definition
| Protestant movement that empasized the Christians social obligations - appealed to those offended by wealthy families |
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| in urban neighborhoods - provided services directly to immigrants and the poor |
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| founded Hull House - settlement house offering services to young women - Chicago |
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Term
| Industrial Workers of the World (Wobblies) |
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Definition
| led by William D. "Big Bill" Haywood - founded 1905 - radical union to organize workers into "1 big union" - destroyed by gov. crack down during and after WW1 |
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Term
| (SPA) Socialist Party of America |
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Definition
| led by Eugene Debs - SPA pres canidate 5x (jailed after Pullman strike) - founded 1900 - advocated state-ownership and social wellfare programs |
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Term
| Immigration Restriction League (1894) |
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Definition
| restricted immigration- loved literacy tests- Congress passed 3x but vetoed |
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Term
| (NAWSA)National American Women Sufferage Association |
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Definition
| for women sufferage - Carrie Chapman Catt |
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Term
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Definition
| organized sufferage victory in NY 1917 |
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Term
| (NWP) National Women's Party |
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Definition
| picketing & hunger strikes - Alice Paul leader- against equal rights act |
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Definition
| ratified 1920 - women right to vote |
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| introduced 1923 - rejected - split sufferage activists - league of women = for, NWP = against |
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Term
| Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909) Pres. |
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Definition
| Pres. after McKinley assasinated - "Caution and Compromise" - panama canal, railroad regulation, consumer protection, conservation, the "trust buster" |
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Term
| William Howard Taft (1909-1913)Pres. |
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Definition
| Antitrust prosections (Standard Oil Co. American Tobacco Co. U.S. Steel investigated) blunders & ties w/ conservative rep. = allianation |
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Term
| (ICC) Interstate Commerce Commission |
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Definition
| Hepburn Act & Mann-Elkins Act - gov. regulating |
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Definition
| Taft - fixed railroad rate max |
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Term
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| telegraph and telephone systems by ICC |
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Term
| Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921)Pres. |
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Definition
| "The Champion of Great Moral Causes" southern dem. prof. of polysci @ princton, gov. of NJ - Wilson's New Freedom |
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Term
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Definition
| Roosevelt (new nationalism) vs. Wilson (New freedom) = wilson win |
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Term
| Roosevelt's New Nationalism |
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Definition
| "penalize conduct not size" regulate large corp. through gov |
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Term
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Definition
| "organize the common intrests against special intrests" |
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Term
| Underwood-Simmons Tarrif Act of 1913 |
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Definition
| Taft's new freedom - reduced tarrifs by average 15% |
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Definition
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Term
| Federal Reserve Act of 1913 |
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Definition
| expanded gov. control over banks |
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Term
| Federal Trade Commission 1914 |
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Definition
| 5 member, collect data & regulate |
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Term
| Clayton Antitrust Act 1914 |
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Definition
| "Illegal buisness" defined - hold trusts responsible |
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Term
| The Lusitania - May 7, 1915 |
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Definition
| ship sunk by Germans, Wilson threatened & Germany placed restrictions on submarine warfare |
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Term
| The Zimmerman Telegram 1917 |
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Definition
| from Germany to Mexico, offer to Mexico to attack US if US entered war, financed by Germany, intercepted by British, relayed to US and US declares war (Apr. 6th?) |
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Term
| War Industries Board (1917) |
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Definition
| coordinate gov. in charge of ag & industrial production |
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Term
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Definition
| to run railroads as gov. enterprise |
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Term
| The American Expeditionary Force |
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Definition
| U.S. not techically Allied Powers, 4 mil soldiers, 2 mil over seas - aiding offensive on Germany |
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Term
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Definition
| Illegal to interfere with draft or encourage disloaylty to US |
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Term
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Definition
| Illegal to abuse gov., the constitution, the flag, or military in speech or writing |
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Term
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Definition
| Wilson - Jan. 1918 presented to Congress - no harsh punishment to Germany, no rebuilding other countries (let them do it themselves) free seas, and disarmament |
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Term
| Treaty of Versailles (1919) |
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Definition
| League of Nations, larger Nations included, Germany reprimanded harshly |
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Term
| Warren G. Harding (1921-1923) Pres. |
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Definition
| more responsive to corp. intrests over farmers & organized labor |
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Term
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Definition
| Albert Fall (appointed by Harding) recieved kickbacks for allowing private intrests to siphon off gov. oil reserves @ Teapot Dome, WY & Elk Hills, CA (scandals & rumors tormented Harding who died of stroke in 1923) |
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Term
| Calvin Coolidge (1923-1929) Pres. |
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Definition
| relaxed mode of leadership "Silend Cal" valued financial success and wisdom of buisness elite |
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Term
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Definition
| Sec. of Treasury (1921-1929) - "Trickle Down Theory" reduce tax burden on wealthy investors - precedent for policies of JFK, Regan & George W. |
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Term
| Herbert Hoover (1921-1929) Sec. of Commerce |
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Definition
| encouraged gov. role in aiding buisness, buisness confrences & cooporation vs. cut throat competition |
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Term
| Problems of 1920's economy |
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Definition
| belief US broke the boom-bust cycle, properity driven by expanding economy, low inflation, high mass consumption, weak sectors, maldistribution & speculation |
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Term
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Definition
| rapid growth, fraudulent real estate schemes - ended by hurricanes in 1926 |
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Term
| Buying on Margin/ Broker's Loan |
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Definition
| everyone bought stocks on margin, paying only % & owing the rest when profit made (worked until profit crashed) |
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Term
| Marcus Gravey & (UNIA)Universal Negro Improvement Ass. |
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Definition
| black nationalism - rejected integration, advocated self help & black pride (Gravey convicted of fradulent buisness practices & deported 1927) |
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Term
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Definition
| est. 5 mil members - founded w/cross burning @ stone mt. georgia - reflected anxieties of white protestants |
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Term
| Immigration Act of 1924 (National Origins Act) |
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Definition
| 150,000 imm. annually, 2% quota per nationality, (western hemisphere not included in quota) japs & other asains excluded |
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Term
| Fundamentalism & Scopes Trial |
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Definition
| growing division between protestant "modernists" & fundamentalists - John Scopes arrested & convicted for teaching evolution - trial=media event |
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Term
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Definition
| 18th Amendment prohibits manufacture, sale, transportation, of intoxicating liquors for beverage purposes, 21st repealed it |
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Definition
| supporters- old-stock protestents, west, south & midwest |
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Definition
| opponents-catholics, german americans & urban |
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Definition
| Nominated for elec. of 1928, Gov. of NY - lost to Hoover, a "wet" catholic |
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Term
| Stock Market Crash, Oct 1929 |
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Definition
| "Black Thursday" Oct. 24, 1929 - prices fell, traders panicked, NY bankers bought stocks in recovery attempts - "Black Tuesday" Oct. 29 1929 - collapsed |
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Term
| Herbert Hoover (1929-1933) Pres. |
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Definition
| "The Great Engineer" (mining engineer) FDA, refugee releif during WW1 |
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Term
| (RFC) Reconstruction Finance Corp. |
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Definition
| State & city gov. helped fund relief to banks & buisnesses |
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Term
| Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1933-1945) Pres. |
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Definition
| overwhelming victory over Hoover for "New Deal" |
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Term
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Definition
| Ethnic & religious minorities, blacks, labor unions, women & farmers |
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Term
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Definition
| Banks closed, new deal began (AAA, NIRA, PWA etc.) |
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Term
| Agricultural Adjustment Admin (AAA) |
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Definition
| reduce total farm production, price support loans, policies favored by more successful commercial farmers - declared unconstitutional 1963 |
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Term
| (NRA) National recovery admin |
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Definition
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Term
| (NIRA) National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 |
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Definition
| companies in industry met & agreed on production, prices, wages, & markets (NRA codes) -- if approved by NRA code became law (antitrust laws suspended) -- declared unconstitutional 1935 |
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Term
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Definition
| gaurenteed collective bargaining between industry & recognized union |
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Term
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Definition
| addressed underconsumption - spent tax $ to put unemployed men to work - built bridges, public buidings, dams (Lincoln Tunnel & Grand Coulee Dam) |
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Term
| John Collier & Indian New Deal |
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Definition
| Collier reformer appointed commissioner of Indian Affairs 1933 |
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Term
| Indian Reorganization Act |
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Definition
| ended Dawes Act gave tribes back, tribal approval required, 181 tribes ratified, 77 rejected |
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Definition
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| National Labor Relations Act of 1935 (Wagner Act) |
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Definition
| permanently established Section 7A |
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Term
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Definition
Pensions for disabled & elderly
Survivors’ benefits
Unemployment insurance
Aid to dependent mothers & children |
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Term
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Definition
| Roosevelt's idea to restructure courts w/ 15 judges in his favor to get bill passed/ everyone frowned upon |
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Definition
| Admin cut federal spending, economy sagged, FDR blamed & spending increased |
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Definition
| Improvements realized but 8 to 10 mil still unemployed |
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