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Hip
Souza Reading
107
Anatomy
Professional
05/14/2012

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Cards

Term
In order for the hip to dislocate it requires a lot of __.
Definition
Force
Term
This hip joint is most prone to this type of damage
Definition
degenerative
Term
This term refers to the angulation of the femoral head
Definition
version
Term
When the femoral head faces forward, and there is a posterior position of the greater trochanter
Definition
anteversion
Term
When the femoral head faces backward and there is an anterior position of the greater trochanter
Definition
retroversion
Term
Increased angle of the femoral neck
Definition
coxa valga
Term
Decreased angle of the femoral neck
Definition
coxa vara
Term
The angulation of the femoral neck normally will ___ from birth to adulthood
Definition
decrease (avg 160-120)
Term
Anterior support of the hip capsule is by these 2 ligaments
Definition
iliofemoral, pubofemoral
Term
Posterior support of the hip capsule is by these 2 ligaments
Definition
iliofemoral, ischiofemoral
Term
Hip ligaments are ____ on extension and ___ on flexion
Definition
tight; relaxed
Term
Hip ligamentous laxity is becoming more likely from injuries of ___
Definition
microtrauma; repetitive hip external rotation
Term
The iliofemoral ligament causes these 2 actions
Definition
external rotation; adduction
Term
The ischiofemoral ligament causes these 2 actions
Definition
internal rotation; abduction
Term
The pubofemoral ligament causes these 2 actions
Definition
external rotation, abduction
Term
The ligamentum teres attaches the ____ with the ____
Definition
fovea capitis of the femoral notch; acetabular notch
Term
The ligamentum teres tightens during these movements
Definition
adduction, flexion, external rotation
Term
This lesion has become the 3rd most common lesion of athletes when view arthroscopically
Definition
ligamentum teres lesion
Term
This structure deepens the acetabulum and acts as a seal to maintain the negative intra-articular pressure, protects the articular cartilage, and provides proprioceptive input.
Definition
Acetabular labrum
Term
Labral damage will predispose a person to ___ and ____
Definition
degenerative changes; Osteoarthritis
Term
Damage to the labrum is most often through ____ from ____
Definition
trauma; extreme external rotation
Term
The articular cartilage of the hip is thicker ______
Definition
anteriosuperiorly
Term
Lesions of the anteriosuperior cartilage is generally via
Definition
labrum tears, anterior capsular laxity, femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
Term
During standing the hips bear approximately ___ of the body weight
Definition
1/3
Term
When standing on one leg the percentage of body weight the hips carry increases
Definition
2.4-2.6 times
Term
During walking the percentage of body weight the hips will carry will increase
Definition
1.3-5.8 times
Term
Use of a cane will decrease the load of the hips by as much as ___
Definition
40%
Term
Anterior tilt of the hips is caused by
Definition
contraction of the hip flexors
Term
Posterior tilt of the hips is caused by
Definition
contraction of lumbar spine extensors, hip extensors, or trunk flexors
Term
Lateral tilt of the hips is caused by
Definition
contraction of hip abductors
Term
Excessive weakness or tightness of the hip muscles will cause
Definition
abnormal mechanical function through the creation of a short/long leg.
Term
These muscles control the flexion of the hip
Definition
iliopsoas and rectus femoris; assistance provided by adductors, TFL, and sartorius (L2-L4)
Term
Extension of the hip is controlled by the contraction of
Definition
gluteus maximus, ischial portion of the adductor magnus, and hamstrings (L5-S2)

(Gluteus medius and piriformis may assist)
Term
Internal rotation and abduction of the hip muscles are controlled by
Definition
contraction of gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and TFL (L4-S1)
Term
External rotation is accomplished by
Definition
piriformis, gemelus, and obturator muscles (L5-S2)

some postural dependent assistance from iliopsoas and gluteus maximus
Term
Adduction is primarily accomplished by
Definition
the adductor group and the gracilis muscle (L3-L5)
Term
The strongest movements of the hip are
Definition
extension, adduction, external rotation
Term
With walking the unsupported pelvis is supported by the ____
Definition
contralateral hip abductors (primarily gluteus medius)
Term
Pain localization to the ASIS will suggest
Definition
sartorius strain or in younger patients apophysitis or avulsion
Term
Pain localization to the AIIS will suggest
Definition
rectus femoris strain or in younger patients apophysitis or avulsion
Term
Pain localization to the Lateral iliac crest will suggest
Definition
hip pointer (direct blow/fall); iliac crest apophysitis; oblique abdominal; tensor fascia lata; gluteus medius strain
Term
Pain localization to the posterior iliac crest will suggest these 3 things
Definition
Maigne's syndrome (T12); strain of the gluteus maximus or iliac fascia; or referral from the low back
Term
Pain localization to the pubic bone will suggest
Definition
osteitis pubis; adductor tendinitis
Term
Pain localization to the inguinal area will suggest these 5 things
Definition
hernia; abdominal strain; lymphadenopathy; iliopsoas bursitis; or tendinitis
Term
Pain localization to the lateral hip will suggest
Definition
trochanteric bursitis; TFL; or Gluteus Medius trigger points
Term
Pain localization to the to the ischial tuberosity will suggest
Definition
hamstring sprain, ischial bursitis, or avulsion injury
Term
Generalized deep pain to the goin area will suggest
Definition
synovitis, fracture, OA, Paget's Disease
Term
Pain is nonspecific however ____ suggest a bursa or tendon source
Definition
snapping
Term
A non-painful limp that is of concern for parents will suggest
Definition
undetected hip dysplasia or a congenital hip dislocation
Term
An insidious onset of hip pain in an adolescent should raise the suspicion of these two thing
Definition
slipped femoral capital epiphysis or avascular necrosis (Perthes Disease)
Term
If a patient has developed with perceptible muscle weakness first in the proximal muscle around the hip and pelvis with no associated complaints of pain or sensory aberrations they are likely to have
Definition
muscle pathology; muscular dystrophy
Term
If an older patient has a less discernible restriction after moving around for a half hour or longer they are likely to have
Definition
OA
Term
Anterior snapping with hip abduction or external rotation suggests
Definition
the psoas snapping over the lesser trochanter or the iliopectineal eminence
Term
Lateral snapping with hip adduction coupled with flexion or extension suggest
Definition
the iliotibial band is snapping over the greater trochanter
Term
Posterior snapping with flexion or extension suggests
Definition
the biceps femoris tendon is snapping over the ischial tuberosity
Term
When may a patient experience Pubic bone snapping?
Definition
during pregnancy or following a spread eagle injury
Term
If a patient complains of numbness or paresthesia into the thigh, localization to the lateral thigh will suggest
Definition
meralgia paresthetica
Term
To test a patient for an intra articular lesion it is more specific to use the ____ test rather than _____
Definition
Leguerre's Test; Patrick's or Faber's
Term
To test for a Femoral Acetabular Impingement (FAI) the position involves these movements
Definition
passive hip flexion, internal rotation, and adduction
Term
The intention of an Femoral Acetabular Impingment test is to _____ the anterior superior labrum and the acetabular rim
Definition
compress
Term
This test is addressed clinically by using long axis traction (30 degrees flexion, 30 degrees abduction, and 10-15 degrees external rotation)
Definition
Instability
Term
When the instability test is preformed it is positive when the patient feels ___ or a sense of ___
Definition
movement; apprehension
Term
A positive thomas test or a modified thomas test would indicate
Definition
tight rectus femoris
Term
If the abductors are shortened due to contracture this will create a ___
Definition
functional long leg with ipsilateral pelvis drop
Term
If the adductors are shortened this will create a ____
Definition
functional shortened leg with ipsilateral pelvic raise
Term
Anteversion and Retroversion is measured by ___ test
Definition
Craig's
Term
The average angle of anteversion for the adult is between ___ and ____
Definition
12 and 25 degrees
Term
Excessive anteversion leads to ___ of the femur with potential ___force to the knee
Definition
internal rotation; valgus
Term
True or anatomic leg length is measured by
Definition
the ASIS to the medial malleolus
Term
Apparent or functional leg length is measured by
Definition
the umbilicus to the medial malleolus
Term
If there is a difference in the true leg length then a ___ is present
Definition
anatomic short leg (previous fracture or trauma)
Term
If there is a difference in the apparent leg length there is involvement of ____
Definition
soft tissues
Term
Leg length discrepancy greater than 0.5 mm have been shown to predispose patients to conditions such as
Definition
subtrochanteric bursitis or SI dysfunction
Term
Superior acetabular space narrowing with osteophyte formation at the head/neck junction; subchondral sclerosis are the radiographic findings of ___
Definition
OA
Term
Early phase changes uniform, symmetric loss of joint space (periarticular osteoperosis) are Radiographic findings of ____
Definition
early RA
Term
Subchondral cyst formation and destruction of the femoral head or acetabular roof, protrusio acetabuli are radiographic findings of ____
Definition
Later changes of RA
Term
Protrusion of the femoral head axially through the acetabulum into the pelvis is known as ___
Definition
protrusio acetabuli
Term
Thickening of the bone with more apparent trabeculae (cross hatching) with eventual distortion of the femoral neck or shaft shape are Radiographic findings of ___
Definition
Pagets disease
Term
Legg Calve Perthes Disease is generally seen in ages
Definition
4-8 years
Term
fissuring, flattening, and sclerosis of the epiphysis with a secondary phase of remodeling leading to the classic mushroom deformity; (varus deformity usually results) on radiographic findings is a result of ____
Definition
Legg Calve Perthes Disease
Term
Radiographically this is a Salter Harris Type 1 injury characterized by posterior inferior displacement of the epiphysis best seen on a lateral view
Definition
Slipped capital epiphysis
Term
A slipped capital epiphysis is seen in ages
Definition
8-17 years
Term
Radiographically the center wedge angle of Wiberg is measured for ___
Definition
Acetabular Dysplasia
Term
Anterior asphericity of the femoral head, lack of femoral head offset, and retroversion of the acetabulum is seen with ___
Definition
Femoral Acetabular Impingement
Term
Femoral neck fractures are _____ and are more serious and are twice as common
Definition
intracapsular (subcapital and transcervical)
Term
Trauma to this region will generally show a contusion
Definition
thigh
Term
Classic presentation: Elderly patient presents with hip pain, unable to bear weight, and a history of fall onto the hip
Definition
Hip fracture
Term
Classic presentation: Patient is young and active often participating in activities such as long distance running, gymnastics. Pain is insidious and is worse with weight bearing. Pain is often anterior and deep.
Definition
Stress fracture
Term
Classic presentation: Patient is a child and is usually diagnosed on physical exam of the neonate; if undetected the child would upon weight bearing have a limp and diminished active abduction
Definition
Congenital Hip Dislocation and Hip Dysplasia
Term
Classic presentation: An acute injury with a major force applied to a flexed, adducted hip. After the injury the hip is held in flexion, adduction, and internal rotation. Pain is severe.
Definition
Posterior Hip dislocation (90% of sports related hip dislocations)

*pain down the back of the leg indicates sciatic nerve damage*
Term
Classic presentation: Patient reports a force/blow to an extended, externally rotated leg. Immediately after injury the leg is held in flexion, abduction, and internal rotation
Definition
Anterior Hip Dislocation
Term
Classic presentation: Overweight child or a young rapidly growing adolescent (8-17 yrs) may present with a traumatic history (50% of the time). May only indicate knee pain
Definition
Slipped capital epiphysis (adolescent coxa vara)
Term
Classic presentation: Patient is usually a male(4:1) between ages of 4-9 presenting with a complaint of mild hip pain and associated limp of insidious onset.
Definition
Avascular necrosis (Legg Calve Perthes disease)

Bilateral: 10%
Trauma history: 17%
Knee pain only: 15%
Term
Classic presentation: Patient presents with sharp, deep hip pain with squatting. Running, stopping and starting or changing direction causes pain. Pain felt anteriorly
Definition
Femoroacetabular impingement
Term
Classic presentation: Patient presents with moderate to severe pain with groin pain predominate. Patient has night pain, the pain is worse with activity that causes limp. Clicking and occasional giving away of the hip occurs.
Definition
Acetabular Labrum Tear
Term
Classic presentation: Patient presents with well localized lateral hip pain usually with a minor degree of a limp. Patient is between 40-60 years of age and unable to sleep on involved side. Tenderness and swelling is felt over the greater trochanter
Definition
Subtrochanteric Bursitis
Term
Classic presentation: Patient presents with a severe, acute, anterior hip pain with antalgic gait. He/She may also report pain radiating down the anterior aspect of the leg. Patient has assumed the position of flexion and external rotation of the hip to relieve pain.
Definition
Iliopectineal or Iliopsoas bursitis
Term
Classic presentation: Patient often reports sitting for long periods of time on hard surfaces or during horseback riding. Pain referral may be down the back of the leg. Pain is relieved when pressing down the foot.
Definition
ischial bursitis
Term
Classic presentation: Patient is a child that is less than 10 years of age and complains of acute or gradual onset of pain in the inguinal area with difficulty bearing weight. Hip is held in external rotation, abduction, and flexion.
Definition
Transient Synovitis
Term
Classic presentation: Patient is aged 50 or greater and complains of deep bone pain. Insidious onset of pain that is not relieved by rest and is worse at night. May have a previous cancer diagnosis
Definition
Tumor
Term
Classic presentation: Patient is asymptomatic. Patient notices an increase in hat size or develop an insidious onset of low back and/or hip pain if symptomatic.
Definition
Paget's Disease
Term
Classic presentation: Patient reports a sudden, forced adduction injury or a repetitive minor trauma seen with kicking or running. Pregnant women may be prone to irritation.
Definition
Osteitis Pubis
Term
Classic presentation: Patient is an athlete or "weekend warrior" who feels a sudden pull or pop at the back of the thigh following a forceful knee extension
Definition
Hamstring Sprain
Term
Classic presentation: Patient is usually an athlete who is involved with kicking, sprinting, water skiing, or jumping. He or she reports a sudden pulling sensation in the groin that is incapacitating
Definition
Adductor Sprain
Term
Classic presentation: Patient reports feeling a sudden pulling pain in the anterior thigh after attempting to sprint, missing a kick, or suddenly stopping . Actively extending knee causes pain.
Definition
Quadriceps Strain
Term
Classic presentation: Patient reports a direct blow to the knee followed by swelling and decreased ability to flex the knee. Most common area is the quadriceps. Swelling and discoloration is evident. Active and passive knee flexion is limited
Definition
Myositis Ossificans or Contusion
Term
Classic presentation: Patient complains of numbness or tingling in the lateral thigh
Definition
Meralgia Paresthetica
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