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Hip Joint & Pelvic Girdle
Hip Joint & Pelvic Girdle
80
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
02/28/2012

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Cards

Term
Bones of pelvic girdle
Definition

Ilium (upper two-fifths)

Ischium (posterior & lower two-fifths)

Pubis (anterior & lower one-fifth)

Sacrum

Coccyx

Femur

Term
Joints of pelvic girdle
Definition

Symphysis pubis

Sacroiliac

Acetabular-femoral joint

Term
Anterior muscles of hip joint & pelvic girdle
Definition

Iliopsoas

Sartorius

Rectus femoris

Pectineus

Term
Posterior muscles of hip joint & pelvic girdle
Definition

Gluteus maximus

Hamstring muscles - semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris

Term
Lateral muscles of hip joint & pelvic girdle
Definition

External rotator muscles

Tensor fascia latae

Gluteus medius

Gluteus minimus

Term
Medial muscles of hip joint & pelvic girdle
Definition

Adductor longus

Adductor brevis

Adductor magnus

Gracilis

Term
Muscles of iliopsoas
Definition

Psoas muscle (psoas major & psoas minor)

Iliacus muscle

Term
Primary action of iliopsoas
Definition

Flexion

External rotation

Term
Strength exercises for iliopsoas
Definition

Lying leg raises (lower back stress)

Hanging leg raises

Term
Origin of iliopsoas
Definition

Lower borders of transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae 1-5 (psoas major & minor)

 

Inner surface of the ilium (iliacus)

 

Sides of the bodies of the last thoracic (T12), all the lumbar vertebrae (L1-5), intervertebral fibrocartilages, & base of sacrum (psoas major & minor)

Term
Insertion of iliopsoas
Definition

Lesser trochanter of femur & shaft just below (iliacus & psoas major(

 

Pectineal line & iliopectineal eminence (psoas minor)

Term
Primary actions of sartorius
Definition

Hip flexion

External rotation

Weak knee flexion

Term
Strength exercises for sartorius
Definition

Lying leg raises (lower back stress)

Hanging leg raises

Knee extension (indirect)

Term
Origin of sartorius
Definition
Anterior superior iliac spine & notch just below spine of ilium
Term
Insertion of sartorius
Definition
Anterior medial condyle of tibia
Term
Primary actions of rectus femoris
Definition

Hip flexion

Knee extension

Term
Strength exercises for rectus femoris
Definition

Knee extension

Squat

Press

Term
Origin of rectus femoris
Definition

Anterior inferior iliac spine

 

Groove (posterior) above acetabulum

Term
Insertion of rectus femoris
Definition
Superior aspect of the patella & patellar tendon to the tibial tuberosity
Term
Primary actions of pectineus
Definition

Adduction

Flexion

Internal rotation

Term
Strength exercises for pectineus
Definition

Hanging leg raises

Adduction against resistance

Term
Origin of pectineus
Definition
Space 1 inch wide on front of pubis above crest
Term
Insertion of pectineus
Definition
Rough line leading from lesser tronchanter to linea aspera
Term
Primary action of gluteus maximus
Definition

Extension

External rotation

Term
Strength exercises for gluteus maximus
Definition

Squat or press (full)

Deadlift

Hip extension

Weak adduction (lower fibers)

Term
Origin of gluteus maximus
Definition
Posterior one-fourth of the crest of ilium, posterior surface of the sacrum & coccyx near the ilium, & fascia of lumbar area
Term
Insertion of gluteus maximus
Definition
Oblique ridge on lateral surface of greater trochanter & iliotibial band of fascia latae
Term
3 hamstring muscles
Definition

Semitendinosus

Semimembranosus

Biceps femoris

Term
Primary action of semitendinosus
Definition

Hip extension

Hip internal rotation

Knee flexion

Knee internal rotation

Term
Strength exercises for semitendinosus
Definition

Knee flexion (leg curls) with knee internally rotated

Straight-leg deadlift

Term
Origin of semitendinosus
Definition
Ischial tuberosity
Term
Insertion of semitendinosus
Definition
Upper anterior medial surface of tibia
Term
Primary action of semimembranosus
Definition

Hip extension

Hip internal rotation

Knee flexion

Knee internal rotation

Term
Strength exercises for semimembranosus
Definition
Knee flexion (leg curls) with knee internally rotated
Term
Origin of semimembranosus
Definition
Ischial tuberosity
Term
Insertion of semimembranosus
Definition
Posteromedial surface of the medial tibial condyle
Term
Primary actions of biceps femoris
Definition

Hip external rotation

Hip extension

Knee flexion

External rotation of knee

Term
Strength exercises for biceps femoris
Definition

Knee flexion (leg curls) with knee externally rotated

Straight-leg deadlift

Term
Origin of biceps femoris
Definition

Ischial tuberosity

 

Lower half of linea aspera, lateral condyloid ridge

Term
Insertion of biceps femoris
Definition
Lateral condyle of tibia, head of fibula
Term
External rotator muscles
Definition

Piriformis

Gemellus superior

Gemellus inferior

Obturator externus

Obturator internus

Quadratus femoris

Term
Primary action of external rotator muscles
Definition
External rotation
Term
Strength exercises for external rotator muscles
Definition

Transverse rotation

 

Important in throwing a ball & swinging a bat

Term
Origin of external rotator muscles
Definition
Sacrum, posterior portions of ischium, & obturator foramen
Term
Insertion of external rotator muscles
Definition
Greater trochanter & posterior aspect of greater trochanter
Term
Primary actions of tensor fasciae latae
Definition

Hip flexion

Hip abduction

Term
Strength exercises for tensor fasciae latae
Definition
Hip abduction
Term
Origin of tensor fasciae latae
Definition
Anterior iliac crest & surface of ilium just below crest
Term
Insertion of tensor fasciae latae
Definition
One-fourth of way down thigh into iliotibial tract, which in turn inserts onto Gerdy's tubercle of anterolateral tibial condyle
Term
Primary actions of gluteus medius
Definition

Abduction

External rotation

Internal rotation

Term
Strength exercises for gluteus medius
Definition
Running, hopping, & skipping
Term
Origin of gluteus medius
Definition
Lateral surface ilium just below crest
Term
Insertion of gluteus medius
Definition
Posterior & middle surface of greater trochanter of femur
Term
Primary actions of gluteus minimus
Definition

Abduction

Internal rotation

Term
Strength exercises for gluteus minimus
Definition
Running, hopping, & skipping
Term
Origin of gluteus minimus
Definition
Lateral surface of ilium below origin of gluteus medius
Term
Insertion of gluteus minimus
Definition
Anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur
Term
Primary action of adductor longus
Definition
Adduction
Term
Strength exercises for adductor longus
Definition

Hip adduction

Squat (in external rotation)

Term
Origin of adductor longus
Definition
Anterior pubis just below its crest
Term
Insertion of adductor longus
Definition
Middle third of linea aspera
Term
Primary actions of adductor brevis
Definition

Adduction

External rotation

Term
Strength exercises for adductor brevis
Definition

Hip adduction

Squat (in external rotation)

Term
Origin of adductor brevis
Definition
Front of inferior pubic ramus just below origin of longus
Term
Insertion of adductor brevis
Definition
Lower two-thirds of pectineal line of femur & upper half of medial lip of linea aspera
Term
Primary actions of adductor magnus
Definition

Adduction

External rotation

Term
Strength exercises for adductor magnus
Definition

Hip adduction

Squat (in external rotation)

Term
Origin of adductor magnus
Definition
Edge of entire ramus of pubis & ischium and ischial tuberosity
Term
Insertion of adductor magnus
Definition
Whole length of linea aspera, inner condyloid ridge, & adductor tubercle
Term
Primary actions of gracilis
Definition

Hip internal rotation

Adduction

Knee flexion

Term
Strength exercises for gracilis
Definition

Hip adduction

Squat (in external rotation)

Term
Origin of gracilis
Definition
Anterior medial edge of descending ramus of pubis
Term
Insertion of gracilis
Definition
Anterior medial surface of tibia below condyle
Term
Common hip injuries
Definition

Hip pointer

Pelvic bone avulsion

Term
Hip pointer - causes
Definition
Sharp blow to hip resulting in tearing tendons at the iliac crest
Term
Hip pointer - diagnosis
Definition

2-3 hours hip becomes sore

 

Limp develops & it's difficult to run

 

Swelling

Term
Hip pointer - treatment
Definition
Rest & ice (twice per day for 20 minutes)
Term
Pelvic bone avulsion - causes
Definition

Growing muscles overpower tendinous attachments

 

Tendon snaps a bony attachment

 

Powerful sprinting with "cold" muscles (overuse)

 

80% of bone avulsions in young athletes occur at the hip

Term
Pelvic bone avulsion - diagnosis
Definition

Discoloration

 

Pain with stretch

 

X-rays are essential

Term
Pelvic bone avulsion - treatment
Definition

Rest with crutches for 7 to 10 days

 

6 weeks to heal completely

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