Term
The two hip bones (also called _____ or ______ bones) articulate with one another anteriorly (_____) and with the sacrum posteriorly (_____) to form the pelvis.
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Definition
The two hip bones (also called inominate or coxal bones) articulate with one another anteriorly (pubic symphysis) and with the sacrum posteriorly (sacroiliac or “SI” joints) to form the pelvis.
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Term
In youth, the hip bone consists of three separate parts which later become fused: |
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Definition
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Term
| Landmarks of the femur (9) |
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Definition
- head with fovea capitis
- neck
- greater and lesser trochanters
- trochanteric fossa
- intertrochanteric line (anteriorly)
- introchanteric crest (posteriorly)
- linea aspera
- pectineal line
- adductor tubercle
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Term
| Movements of the hip joint |
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Definition
- flexion/extension
- abduction/adduction
- medial (internal) rotation/lateral (external) rotation
- circumduction.
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Term
| Articular capsule of the hip joint |
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Definition
The fibrous capsule is attached proximally to the margin of the acetabulum and to the transverse acetabular ligament; attached distally to the intertrochanteric line on the anterior aspect of the femoral neck; posteriorly it crosses the neck proximal to the intertrochanteric crest but is not attached to it. |
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Term
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Definition
lines the capsule completely. A small portion protrudes inferior to the capsule posteriorly to form a bursa for the tendon of obturator externus. |
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Term
| Ligaments of the hip joint (5) |
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Definition
- iliofemoral
- ischiofemoral
- pubofemoral
- ligament of the head of the femur (ligamentum teres/ligamentum capitis femoris)
- transverse acetabular ligament
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Term
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Definition
also called the “Y-ligament of Bigelow”; runs from the anterior inferior iliac spine (“AIIS”) to the intertrochanteric line on the anterior femur. By preventing hyperextension, it provides the major static restraint of the hip joint in quiet standing |
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Term
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Definition
| runs from behind the acetabulum, spirals up and around the femoral neck and blends with the superior fibers of the iliofemoral ligament. It tightens in extension. Because of its spiral course, it also increases hip stability by pulling the femoral head deeply into the acetabulum. |
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Term
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Definition
| runs from the pubis in front of the acetabulum and blends with the inferior fibers of the iliofemoral ligament to attach to the femur. It limits abduction. |
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Term
| Ligament of the head of the femur |
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Definition
| from acetabulum to fovea capitus |
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Term
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Definition
| a complete fibrocartilaginous rim that deepens the articular socket |
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Term
Blood Supply of the Hip Joint
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Definition
The primary blood supply to the head of the femur is from ascending branches of the medial femoral circumflex artery; secondarily from ascending branches of the lateral femoral circumflex artery. Tertiary supply is from a small branch of the obturator artery, artery of the ligament of the head of the femur. |
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Term
Innervation of the Hip Joint
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Definition
| The hip is innervated by branches of the femoral, obturator, superior gluteal and quadratus femoris nerves. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fibrocartilaginous union of the right and left pubic bones by the interpubic disc. The joint is reinforced by ligaments both superiorly and inferiorly. |
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Term
| Dense connective tissue covering the thigh |
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Definition
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Term
| Three compartments of the thigh |
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Definition
| anterior, medial, posterior |
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Term
Anterior Compartment of the Thigh
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Definition
| The anterior compartment is covered by the fascia lata and separated from the posterior compartment by the lateral intermuscular septum and from the medial compartment by the medial intermuscular septum. |
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Term
| Three components of Iliopsoas |
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Definition
| Psoas major, Iliacus, Psoas minor |
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Term
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Definition
- Origin- sides and transverse processes of T12 and lumbar vertebrae and associated intervertebral discs
- Insertion- lesser trochanter of femur
- Innervation- anterior rami of lumbar nerves; L1, L2, L3
- Function- acts conjointly with iliacus; flexes unfixed thigh; may initiate trunk flexion (“sit-ups”); acts as postural stabilizer, helps maintain lumbar lordosis
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Term
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Definition
- Origin- iliac fossa (primarily)
- Insertion- lesser trochanter of femur
- Innervation- femoral nerve; L2, L3
- Function- acts conjointly with psoas major; flexes unfixed thigh; may initiate trunk flexion (“sit-ups”); acts as postural stabilizer
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Term
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Definition
- Origin- sides of T12-L1 and intervertebral disc
- Insertion- pectineal line (primarily)
- Innervation- anterior rami of lumbar nerves; L1, L2
- Function- weakly assists psoas major
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Term
| 4 components of Quadriceps Femoris |
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Definition
| Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medialis, Vastus Intermedius |
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Term
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Definition
- Origin- Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS), ilium superior to acetabulum
- Insertion- Patella via quadriceps tendon, continuing to tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
- Innervation- femoral nerve; L2, L3, L4
- Function- extends leg at knee, flexes thigh
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Term
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Definition
- Origin- greater trochanter, lateral lip of linea aspera
- Insertion- Patella via quadriceps tendon, continuing to tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament, patella and tibia via lateral patellar retinaculum
- Innervation- femoral nerve; L2, L3, L4
- Function- extends leg at knee
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Term
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Definition
- Origin- intertrochanteric line, medial lip of linea aspera
- Insertion- Patella via quadriceps tendon, continuing to tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament, patella and tibia via medial patellar retinaculum
- Innervation- femoral nerve; L2, L3, L4
- Function- extends leg at knee
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Term
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Definition
- Origin- anterior and lateral shaft of femur
- Insertion- Patella via quadriceps tendon, continuing to tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
- Innervation- femoral nerve; L2, L3, L4
- Function- extends leg at knee
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Term
The small _____ is derived from the vastus intermedius and consists of a variable number of muscular slips that attach distally to the _____. During extension of the leg, it pulls the bursa _____ to prevent impingement of the bursa between the patella and femur. |
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Definition
The small articularis genu is derived from the vastus intermedius and consists of a variable number of muscular slips that attach distally to the suprapatellar bursa. During extension of the leg, it pulls the bursa superiorly to prevent impingement of the bursa between the patella and femur. |
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Term
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Definition
- Origin- anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
- Insertion- anteromedial surface of proximal tibia; contributes to pes anserinus tendon
- Innervation- femoral nerve L2, L3
- Function- flexes, externally rotates and abducts thigh, flexes and weakly internally rotates leg at knee
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Term
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Definition
- Origin- superior ramus of pubis (pectineal line of pubis)
- Insertion- just inferior to lesser trochanter of femur (pectineal line of femur)
- Innervation- femoral nerve; L2, L3
- Function- adducts and flexes and internally rotates thigh
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Term
| Tensor Fascia Lata- although anatomically found in the anterior compartment, it is often considered functionally as a gluteal muscle. |
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Definition
- Origin- anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), anterior part of iliac crest
- Insertion- iliotibial band/tract (“ITB”); via ITB to anterior aspect of lateral condyle of tibia (“Gerdy’s tubercle”)
- Innervation- superior gluteal nerve; L4, L5, S1
- Function- Abducts, internally rotates and flexes thigh
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Term
The Femoral Triangle
Boundaries
- Superior: _____
- Medial:_____
- Lateral: _____
- Floor: _____ (lateral) and _____ (medial)
- Roof: _____and ____ fascia
Contents- _____ nerve, artery and vein, lymphatics
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Definition
The Femoral Triangle
Boundaries
- Superior: inguinal ligament
- Medial: adductor longus
- Lateral: sartorius
- Floor: iliopsoas (lateral) and pectineus (medial)
- Roof: fascia lata and cribiform fascia
Contents- femoral nerve, artery and vein, lymphatics
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Term
The _____ enters the thigh posterior to the inguinal ligament midway between the pubic tubercle and the ASIS. The _____ lies just lateral to the artery and the _____ lies just medial to the artery. Medial to the vein lies the _____ containing loose connective tissue, fat and deep inguinal lymph nodes. The proximal opening of the femoral canal is the _____, the typical origin of a femoral hernia. A fascial sheath, the _____, encloses the vessels and the lymphatics, but not the nerve. |
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Definition
The femoral artery enters the thigh posterior to the inguinal ligament midway between the pubic tubercle and the ASIS. The femoral nerve lies just lateral to the artery and the femoral vein lies just medial to the artery. Medial to the vein lies the femoral canal containing loose connective tissue, fat and deep inguinal lymph nodes. The proximal opening of the femoral canal is the femoral ring, the typical origin of a femoral hernia. A fascial sheath, the femoral sheath, encloses the vessels and the lymphatics, but not the nerve. |
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Term
A helpful mnemonic is “NAVEL”, and from lateral to medial stands for:
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Definition
A helpful mnemonic is “NAVEL”, and from lateral to medial stands for: Nerve, Artery, Vein, Empty space with Lymphatics (femoral canal). |
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Term
_____- (also called _____ or _____) largest branch of the femoral artery, arises from the femoral artery in the femoral triangle. |
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Definition
deep femoral artery- (also called profunda femoral or deep artery of the thigh) largest branch of the femoral artery, arises from the femoral artery in the femoral triangle. |
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Term
medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries- |
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Definition
| usually arise from the deep femoral artery and anastamose to encircle the proximal femur, contributing to the blood supply of the hip joint. The lateral femoral circumflex artery has a descending branch which contributes to blood supply of the knee joint. |
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Term
| Perforating Branches of Deep Femoral Artery |
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Definition
| several branches arise laterally from the deep femoral artery as it travels inferiorly. They wrap around the posterior aspect of the femur and supply blood to all three fascial compartments of the thigh |
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Term
The femoral artery continues distally into the _____ then through an opening in the adductor magnus (_____) to enter the popliteal fossa posteriorly. |
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Definition
The femoral artery continues distally into the adductor canal then through an opening in the adductor magnus (the adductor hiatus) to enter the popliteal fossa posteriorly.
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Term
| Provides the main blood supply to the anterior compartment of the thigh |
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Definition
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Term
Femoral vein
_____ joins the femoral vein in the femoral triangle anteriorly at an interruption in the fascia lata called _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| femorl nerve (L2-L4)- passes into the thigh posterior to the _____ and splits in multiple branches. |
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Definition
Femoral nerve (L2-L4)- passes into the thigh posterior to the inguinal ligament and splits in multiple branches. |
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Term
muscular branches- to anterior compartment musculature (excluding _____!)
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Definition
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Term
| saphenous nerve- the _____ branch of the femoral nerve. It travels with the femoral artery into the _____ canal. It pierces between _____ and _____ to innervate skin of the anteromedial knee, leg and foot. |
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Definition
| saphenous nerve- the terminal cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve. It travels with the femoral artery into the adductor canal. It pierces between sartorius and gracilis to innervate skin of the anteromedial knee, leg and foot. |
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Term
| Muscles of the Anterior compartment of the thigh (9) |
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Definition
- iliopsoas major
- iliacus
- psoas minor
- rectus femoris
- vastus lateralis
- vastus medialis
- vastus intermedius
- sartorius
- pectineus
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