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Hindlimb
Hindlimb
66
Veterinary Medicine
Not Applicable
03/24/2017

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Cards

Term
What muscles make up the girdle? What is their role?
Definition
-connect leg to body

Psoas minor (tilts pelvis)
Psoas major (flexes hip)
Iliacus
Term
What is the role of the tensor fascia latae?
Definition
flexes hip & stabilizes stifle
Term
Extensor or flexor?

Middle gluteal
Definition
extensor
Term
What muscles make up the gluteals?
Definition
superficial gluteal
middle gluteal
accessory gluteal (horse)
deep gluteal
Term
What is the role of the deep gluteal?
Definition
keep femur close to acetabulum, stabilizing the joint
Term
What is unique about the rump muscles in ruminants?
Definition
the biceps femoris & superficial gluteal are fused to form the gluteobiceps
Term
What is the role of the semimembranosus?
Definition
hip extension
Term
What muscle make up the quadriceps? Where do the originate/insert?
Definition
All insert on the patella

rectus femoris (pelvis)
vastus intermedius (cranial femur)
vastus medius (sides of femur)
vastus lateralis
Term
The quadriceps are innervated by the....
Definition
femoral nerve
Term
What do the quadriceps do?
Definition
extend the stifle

(femoris can be a hip flexor as well)
Term
What cartilagenous structure helps to prevent subluxation of the femur?
Definition
acetabular labrum
Term
What does the transverse acetabular ligament do?
Definition
partial closure of acetabular knotch, helps to prevent vertical subluxation of the femur
Term
What is the accessory ligament? What species have this?
Definition
extension of the pre-pubic tendon, it passes under the transverse acetabular ligament and provides extra resistance against subluxation

HORSES ONLY
Term
What is the trochanteric notch?
Definition
found in the horse, a notch between the cranial and caudal parts of the trochanter of the femur
Term
When a hind limb moves forwards, the hip (flexes/extends)
Definition
flexes
Term
When a hind limb moves forwards, the stifle (flexes/extends)
Definition
extends
Term
When a hind limb moves forwards, the hock (flexes/extends)
Definition
flexes
Term
When a hind limb moves forwards, the fetlock (flexes/extends)
Definition
extends
Term
When a hind limb moves forwards, the interphalangeal joints (flex/extend)
Definition
extend
Term
What are the regions of joint articulation in the stifle?
Definition
femoraopatellar
femorotibial & menisci
proximial tibiofibular
Term
Where are menisic found? What are they?
Definition
proximal end of tibia

c-shaped fibrocartilage which create a recess that stabilizes the articlation between femoral condyles and tibial plateau
Term
Where are cruciate ligaments found? What are their names & what do they do?
Definition
within the stifle joint

Cranial CL - prevents tranial translation of tibia

Caudal CL - prevents caudal translation of tibia
Term
The patella is involved with (flexion/extension) of the stifle
Definition
extension
Term
Where is the patella found?
Definition
in the trochear groove on the femur
Term
True or False

All animals have 3 patellar ligaments
Definition
false

large animals have 3, for improved stability/support of the patella
Term
What structure are involved with the patellar locking mechanism?
Definition
parapatellar cartilage
medial patellar ligament
medial trochlear ridge
Term
provides motor innervation to stifle flexors, sensory to caudal region of leg
Definition
tibial branch of sciatic nerve
Term
provides motor innervation to stifle extensors, sensory to craniolateral side
Definition
common peroneal branch of sciatic nerve
Term
The long digital extensor originates at the _____ and inserts ____
Definition
origin: extensor fossa of femur
insertion: P3
Term
The lateral digital extensor originates at the ____ and inserts ____
Definition
origin: head of fibula
insertion: P1 (dogs), fuses with long (horse)
Term
Innervation of long & lateral digital extensors
Definition
deep peroneal branch of common peroneal
Term
Blood supply of long & lateral digital extensors
Definition
cranial tibial (branch off popliteal)
Term
The peroneus brevis is unique to....
Definition
dogs & cats
Term
What animals do not have a peroneus longus?
Definition
horses
Term
What animals do not have a peroneus tertius?
Definition
dogs & cats
Term
What joints does the cranial tibial muscle cross?
Definition
hock
Term
What joints does the peroneus terius cross?
Definition
stifle & hock
Term
Peroneus tertius is a hock (flexor/extensor)
Definition
flexor
Term
What does the superficial gluteal do
Definition
extends hip (or flexes - dispute btwn Dyce & jeff lol)
Term
What does the middle gluteal do
Definition
extends hip
Term
Where does the biceps femoris originate/insert? What does the biceps femoris do
Definition
origin: ischial tuber
insertion: facia around the stifle

extends hip
Term
The sartorius, pectineus, gracilis and semimembranosus all have what in common?
Definition
they all adduct the limb
Term
What nerve gives motor function to the quads?
Definition
femoral
Term
What nerve gives sensory function to the medial aspect of quads?
Definition
saphenous (sensory branch of femoral)
Term
What branches come off the sciatic nerve?
Definition
caudal cutaneus femoral
tibial
common peroneal
Term
The _____ gives blood supply to the gluteal region
Definition
internal iliac
Term
The ____ gives blood supply to the femoral region
Definition
external iliac
Term
Branches of the internal iliac
Definition
internal iliac ->
cranial & caudal gluteal
internal pudendal
Term
Branches of the external iliac
Definition
external iliac ->
deep femoral
(ext il now becomes femoral)
common peroneal
saphenous
Term
True or False

The cruciate ligaments are named for where they start (e.g. cranial/caudal)
Definition
false

were they end.

e.g. cranial patellar ligament starts more caudally on the femur, ends cranially on the tibia
Term
The patellar ligament helps with stifle (flexion/extension)
Definition
extension
Term
What do femoropatellar ligaments do
Definition
keep the patella on track in the trochlear groove
Term
The lateral digital extensor inserts on...
Definition
P1 (dogs)

P3 (horses - fuses with long digital extensor)
Term
What innervates the long & lateral digital extensors?
Definition
deep peroneal branch of the common peroneal (coming off the sciatic)
Term
What does the long digital extensor do?
Definition
flex hock, extend digits
Term
Blood supply for the long & lateral digital extensors?
Definition
cranial tibial
Term
The long digital extensor inserts on...
Definition
P3
Term
What muuscles flex the hock in carnivores?
Definition
cranial tibial
perneous longus
peroneus brevis
Term
What muscles flex the hock in ruminants?
Definition
cranial tibial
peroneus longus
peroneus tertius
Term
What muscles flex the hock in horses?
Definition
cranial tibial
peroneus terius
Term
True or False

Peroneus longus inserts on P1
Definition
false

on the metatarsal
Term
Caudal leg muscles are innervated by...
Definition
tibial nerve
Term
Muscle that insert on the calcaneus will (extend/flex) the hock
Definition
extend
Term
Where does the SDFT insert?
Definition
proximal check branches insert on the calcaneus (extend hock)

continues to P1 & P2 (flexes digits)
Term
What is the significanece of the sustentaculum tali?
Definition
pulley surface which the DDFT runs over
Term
3 annular ligaments
Definition
plantar
proximal digital
distal digital
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