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Hesi A2 A&P
Hesi review A&P
105
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
11/16/2011

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Cards

Term
Abdominopelvic
Definition
cavity composed of the abdomen and the pelvis
Term
Absorption
Definition
Movement of nutrients from the digestive tube into the blodstream
Term
Actin
Definition
Protein making up the I band of the sarcomere
Term
Amino Acid
Definition
The building block of proteins
Term
Antibody
Definition
Special proteins that protect the body from foreign substances
Term
ATP
Definition
Abb for adenosine triphosphate, which is the energy of the cell
Term
Atrai
Definition
Upper chamber of the heart
Term
Bile
Definition
Product of the liver that emulsifies fat
Term
Cartilage
Definition
Tissue made of cells and fibers that connect and support
Term
Ceruminous Gland
Definition
Gland of the ear that produces earwax
Term
Chromosomes
Definition
Bodies within the nucleus made of DNA and proteins called histones
Term
Cilia
Definition
Small hairlike projections on some cells
Term
CNS
Definition
Abb: for Central Nervous System, which is made up of the brain and spinal cord
Term
Coronal Plane
Definition
Imaginary line passing thru the body from head to feet that divides body into front and back protions
Term
Cranial Cavity
Definition
Body cavity containing the brain
Term
Diaphragm
Definition
Dome-shaped breathing muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities
Term
Diffusion
Definition
Movement of material from high concentration to lower concentration
Term
Digestion
Definition
The mechanical and chemical breakdown of food.
Term
Dorsal Horn
Definition
Crescent-shaped projection of gray matter within the spinal cord where sensory neurons enter the spinal cord.
Term
ECG
Definition
Abb: Electrocardiogram, which is a record of the electrical activity of the heart
Term
Embryo
Definition
Prenatal development time between the zygote and the fetus
Term
Endometrium
Definition
Inner lining of the uterus
Term
Enzymes
Definition
Functional proteins; their names usually end in ase.
Term
Formed Elements
Definition
The blood cells
Term
Glucose
Definition
A simple sugar found in certain foods, especially fruit
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
The physiologic steady state that is naturally maintained within the body
Term
Hypothalamus
Definition
Portion of the brain that regulates body temperature, sleep and appetite
Term
Foramen magnum
Definition
A passage in the skull bone thru which the spinal cord enters the spinal column.
Term
Ingest
Definition
To eat food and drink
Term
Joints
Definition
Articulations between adjoining bones
Term
Keratin
Definition
A tough, fibrous, insoluble protein forming the primary component of skin, hair, nails and tooth enamel
Term
Keratinized Epithelium
Definition
The dead cells of the epidermis
Term
Lacteal Vessel
Definition
Found within the villi of intestinal wall, where fat nutrients are absorbed
Term
Ligaments
Definition
Tissue connecting bone to bone
Term
Median Plane
Definition
An imaginary line dividing the body or body part into right and left portions
Term
Mediastinum
Definition
Space within the thoracic cavity that housed all the organs of the chest except the lungs
Term
Metabolism
Definition
the sum total of uses of ATP in the body
Term
Mucous Membrane
Definition
Thin sheets of tissue cells that line body opening or canals that open to the outside of the body
Term
Myosin
Definition
A protein that makes up nearly half of the proteins in muscle cells
Term
Nucleus
Definition
The control center of the cell
Term
Oral Cavity
Definition
The mouth; also know as the buccal cavity
Term
Orbits
Definition
Cavities containing the eyes
Term
Organelle
Definition
A structurealy discrete component of a cell that performs a specific function
Term
pH
Definition
Measurement associated with acids and bases
Term
Phagocytosis
Definition
Engulfing of material by certain cells of the body
Term
Plasma
Definition
The liquid portion of blood
Term
Pulmonary circulation
Definition
Blood flow thru a network of vessels between the heart and the lungs for the oxygenation of blood and the removal of carbon dioxide
Term
Ribosome
Definition
The organelle of the cell where protein synthesis takes place
Term
Sagittal
Definition
An imaginary line running from front to back that divides the body into right and left portions
Term
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
Definition
Organelle of the muscle fiber that stores calcium
Term
Sebaceous Glands
Definition
Oil glands of the skin
Term
Serous Membranes
Definition
Thin sheets of tissue that line body cavities not having exits to the outside
Term
Spinal Column
Definition
The backbone that protects the spinal cord, which runs inside of it.
Term
Subcutaneous Tissue
Definition
Layer of tissue under the dermis that contains adipose tissue
Term
Sudoriferous Glands
Definition
Sweat glands
Term
Synovial Membranes
Definition
Loose, connective tissue that lined the joint cavity
Term
Systemic circulation
Definition
The general blood circulation of the body not including the lungs
Term
Thoracic Cavity
Definition
The chest cavity
Term
Transverse Plane
Definition
An imaginary line dividing the body or body parts into top and bottom protions
Term
Vasoconstriction
Definition
A narrowing of the diameter of a blood vessel
Term
Vasodilation
Definition
A widening of the diameter of a blood vessel
Term
Ventral Horns
Definition
The anterior columns of the gray matter of the spinal cord
Term
Ventricles
Definition
Lower chambers of the heart
Term
Zygote
Definition
The fertilized egg, from the time it is fertilized until it is implanted in the uterus.
Term
Within liver cells, glycogen can be decomposed to yeild glucose. For this process to occur, which substances must also be present?
Definition
Glucagon and epinephrine
Term
At which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur?
Definition
Prophase I
Term
Which cellular process results in the formation of sugar from carbon dioxide?
Definition
Calvin Cycle
Term
What is the name for the small, tail-like projection from the cellular membrane that is used for locomotion?
Definition
Flagella
Term
Which word refers to a regioin of the cpinal cord?
Definition
Lumbar
Term
The plananx is a(n)
Definition
Bone
Term
The dermis is classified as a(n)
Definition
Organ
Term
Upper moter neurons originate in which area of the body?
Definition
Motor area of the cerebral hemispheres
Term
Where are the pressoreceptors and chemoreceptors(specialized sensory nerves that assist with the regulation and circulation and respiration)located?
Definition
carotid body
Term
Where are the baroreceptors located?
Definition
Aorta
Term
Which structure is an example of a long bone?
a) Patella
b)Cranium
c)Vertebra
d)Metatarsal
Definition
d)Metatarsal
Term
Which structure is divided into 4 lobes?
a)Liver
b)Mammary gland
c)Lungs
d)Cerbrum
Definition
a) Liver
Term
Eye movement and papillary reflexes originate in which part of the central nervous system?
Definition
Midbrain
Term
Which vessel transports blood from the lung to the heart?
Definition
Pulmonary vein
Term
What does the word pulmonary refer to?
Definition
Lungs
Term
Venous refers to which body system?
Definition
Cirulation
Term
What is he primary sympathetic neurohormone?
Definition
Norepinephrine
Term
An improper balance between calcium and which substance can adversely affect the growth of healthy bone tissue?
Definition
Phosphorus
Term
The function of the pulmonary veins is to carry......
Definition
Oxygenated blood to the left atrium
Term
What substance causes extreme dilation of arterioles and capilaried, stagnating blood flow within the tissues and leading to profound shock?
Definition
Histamine
Term
What is the expected pH of the stomach?
Definition
.90 to 1.50
Term
What mineral is responsible for muscle cotraction?
Definition
Calcium
Term
Bile is secreted into which organ?
Definition
Small intestine
Term
What is the function of the glucocoricoids that are secreted from the adrenal cortex?
Definition
Carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism
Term
What does parathyroid hormone regulate?
Definition
Calcium
Term
What is the function of aldosterone?
Definition
Conserves sodium in the body
Term
What is the function of the baroreceptors?
Definition
Decrease heart rate
Term
Which nerve is responsible for regulating the amount of light entering the eye?
Definition
Oculomotor nerve
Term
What component of the blood helps maintain glomerular oncotic pressure at a normal level of 33mm Hg, which in turn keeps a large amount of water from escaping the capillary?
Definition
Protein
Term
Using anatomic directions, describe the location of the ankle in relation to the knee.
Definition
Distal
Term
What is the serous membrane surrounding the heart called?
Definition
Pericardium
Term
What are the total number of phalanges in the skeleton?
Definition
56
Term
The flexor carpi ulnaris is located in what part of the body?
Definition
Wrist
Term
What area of the brain controls muscle coordination and balance?
Definition
Cerebellum
Term
What is the nickname for the pituitary gland, which produces tropic hormones?
Definition
The master gland
Term
Which of the following is not a type of white blood cell?
a)Neutrophils
b)Monocytes
c)Erythrocytes
d)Lymphocytes
Definition
c) Erythrocytes
Term
What cellular structures trap bacteria and polluntants in the upper respiratory system?
Definition
Cilia
Term
What is the largest gland of the human body?
Definition
Liver
Term
What structure acts as a storage area for urine?
Definition
Urinary bladder
Term
What portion of the uterus is under direct hormonal affect?
Definition
Endometrium
Term
What is the actively mitotic layer of the epidermis called?

A)Stratum granulosum
B)Stratum germinativum
C)Stratum corium
D) Stratum corneum
Definition
Stratum Germinativum
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