Term
|
Definition
| The process of forming blood clots. A protective mechanism. |
|
|
Term
| What are the two hemostatic mechanisms? |
|
Definition
-Primary hemostasis
-Secondary hemostsis |
|
|
Term
| What does primary hemostasis deal with? |
|
Definition
| the vessel wall and thrombocytes |
|
|
Term
| What does secondary hemostasis deal with? |
|
Definition
| Coagulation factors that form fibrin |
|
|
Term
| Injury of the vessel wall results in what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does vasoconstriction do? |
|
Definition
-Cuts down on blood flow temporarily
-Stimulates release of factor III |
|
|
Term
| Where are thrombocytes produced? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When a cut is made in the skin, what do the thrombocytes do? |
|
Definition
-adhere to subendothelial collagen of vessel wall
-release bioactive substance (which stimulates extrinsic and intrinsic pathways
-Aggregate forming plug
-Stimulate secondary hemostasis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the "mother of thrombocytes"
bits of broken off pieces form platelets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small purple dots on the skin (small bruising) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| wide spread purple marks on the skin (larger bruising) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are clotting factors categorized under primary or secondary hemostasis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are the clotting factors produced? |
|
Definition
| Most are produced in the liver |
|
|
Term
| Are all clotting factors proteins? |
|
Definition
| No, Calcium is not. The rest are. |
|
|
Term
| How do the clotting factors function as enzymes? |
|
Definition
| They activate eachother causing a chemical reaction |
|
|
Term
| What is the end point of the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stabilizes the platelet plug |
|
|
Term
| If any clotting factors are missing or defective, what happens? |
|
Definition
| It inhibits the making of fibrin |
|
|
Term
| What is different about factor III compared to the other clotting factors? |
|
Definition
| It comes from the vessel wall, not the liver |
|
|
Term
| What is the goal of the intrinsic pathway? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is factor VII part of the intrinsic or extrinsic pathway? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the common pathway? |
|
Definition
| Where the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways come together |
|
|
Term
| How does heparin work to prevent clotting? |
|
Definition
| It blocks the making of thrombin from prothrombin |
|
|
Term
| How does EDTA work to prevent clotting? |
|
Definition
| It pulls the calcium out of the blood. This process is called chelating |
|
|
Term
| What are some signs of secondary hemostasis? |
|
Definition
-Bruises and hematomas
-Bleeding into the SQ, muscles, and joints |
|
|
Term
| When does fibrinolysis occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the process of fibrinolysis? |
|
Definition
| Plasminogen is converted to plasmin, which breaks down the clot allowing blood to flow again. |
|
|
Term
| Why is it important to get a detailed history on suspected hemostatic patients? |
|
Definition
| You need to know how long it has been going on because some disorders are inherited, and some can be caused by drugs or disease |
|
|
Term
| How soon should you do a thrombocyte count after collecting the sample? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If you have a "true" thrombocytopenia, will it be easy to find platelets on a smear? |
|
Definition
| No, you will see very few if any |
|
|
Term
| Why should you always do a manual platelet count on cat blood? |
|
Definition
| Cat platelet counts on machines are often inaccurate due to similar size of platelets and RBC's |
|
|
Term
| When will you see abnormal results in a thrombocyte count? |
|
Definition
| When numbers are less than 50,000 |
|
|
Term
| What is the clot retraction test? |
|
Definition
| A crude test of platelet function |
|
|
Term
| How is a clot retraction test performed? |
|
Definition
| Leave blood in a tube with no anticoagulant. Check tube every 30 minutes for clotting. Clot should retract from walls of tube by 50% within an hour |
|
|
Term
| When is the clotting time considered prolonged? |
|
Definition
| If it takes longer than 24 hours for clot to retract |
|
|
Term
| What is the Activated Clotting Time testing for? |
|
Definition
| It is a crude test for hemostasis, testing the intrinsic and common pathways. |
|
|
Term
| What does an ACT tube contain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the normal ACT's for dogs and cats? |
|
Definition
Dogs: 60-110 sec.
Cats: 50-75 sec. |
|
|
Term
| What will cause these times to be prolonged? |
|
Definition
| A factor defect or severe thrombocytopenia |
|
|
Term
| What does the partial thromboplastin time (PTT) detect? |
|
Definition
| Intrinsic and common pathways (secondary hemostasis) |
|
|
Term
| What is it used to diagnose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of plasma must be used? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What tube contains sodium citrate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why must you fill the sodium citrate tube completely? |
|
Definition
| You must have the correct ratio of citrate and blood (1:9) to get an accurate result |
|
|
Term
| What does the prothrombin time (PT) detect? |
|
Definition
| Extrinsic and common pathways (secondary hemostasis) |
|
|
Term
| When would this test have prolonged results? |
|
Definition
With coumarin toxicity
(also in DIC) |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A deficiency in the vW factor |
|
|
Term
| What does the vW factor do in the coagulation process? |
|
Definition
-facilitates platelets to adhere to eachother
-carries factor VIII |
|
|
Term
| Do signs appear as a primary or secondary disorder? |
|
Definition
| Primary, unless it is severe, then it would show secondary signs |
|
|
Term
| What type of plasma is used in testing for the vWf? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which breed is most likely to have von Willebrand's disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Massive stimulation of clotting mechanisms. Clotting everywhere! |
|
|
Term
| What is the hail mary drug given to DIC patients? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some common causes of DIC? |
|
Definition
-Pancreatitis
-Heartworm Disease
-RMSF and ICH
-FIP and FeLV
-GDV
-Neoplasia |
|
|
Term
| How can you diagnose DIC? |
|
Definition
-Bleeding/organ failure
-Thrombocytopenia
-All coagulation tests will be prolonged |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you detect hemophilia? |
|
Definition
| There will be a prolonged PTT/factor assays |
|
|
Term
| What happens in a coumarin/warfarin toxicity? |
|
Definition
| It blocks vitamin K and there is a deficiency in factor VII |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Often from a patient history as well as prolonged PT |
|
|
