Term
| How is Bovine Anaplasmosis transmitted? |
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Definition
-Ticks: Dermacentor, Boophilus, Rhipicephalus
-Mechanical: Horse flies, stable flies, and mosquitoes
-Iatrogenic: needles, dehorning, castrating, ear tagging |
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Term
| What is the reservoir for Bovine Anaplasmosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the incubation period for Bovine Anaplasmosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the pathogenesis of Bovine Anaplasmosis |
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Definition
| -RBC infection occurs (acute disease appears at the time of peak RBC infection)=> infected RBCs are removed mainly by the speen resulting in acute anemia (extravascular hemolysis) |
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Term
| Describe the clinical signs of Bovine Anaplasmosis. |
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Definition
-fever, anorexia, lethargy, staggering, behavior changes (due to dehydration), constipation, abortion possible, drop in pdn
-signs due to extravascular hemolysis: anemia, pale mucous membranes, icturus |
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Term
| True or False: A key clinical sign for Bovine Anaplasmosis is hemoglobinuria. |
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Definition
| -FALSE; you will NOT see hemoglobinuria in cases of bovine anaplasmosis |
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Term
| How does age relate to clinical bovine anaplasmosis? |
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Definition
<1y: mild to subclinical
1-2y: acute but rarely fatal disease
>2y: acute and often fatal |
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Term
| True or False: It is common that cattle that have had bovine anaplasmosis in the past to become carriers having persistant infections. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three best tests to use to diagnose Bovine Anaplasmosis? Why is blood smear not on this list? |
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Definition
-cELISA, complement fixation, PCR
-because blood smears are only effective for acutely ill animals |
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Term
| How will the carcass of a cow that died from bovine anaplasmosis present at necropsy? |
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Definition
--thin, watery blood
-pale mucous membranes (anemia)
-may or may not have icterus
-splenomegaly
-no hemoglobin in the urine |
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Term
| How do you treat an acute case of bovine anaplasmosis? How about a persistant infection? |
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Definition
-Acute: tetracylines, possible blood transfusions (if PCV < 12), AVOID STRESS
-Persistent:one regimen of tetracycline and parenteral antibiotics or just leave it be |
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Term
| How do we control/prevent bovine anaplasmosis? |
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Definition
-vector control
-good hygiene when ear tagging, vaccinating, dehorning, castration, etc
-only conditional vaccines available: limited LA vaccine or live Anaplasma centrale vaccine in Central America
-give seasonalChlortetracyline |
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Term
| What is Anaplasma (Ehrlichia) platys? |
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Definition
| -canine infectious cystic thrombocytopenia that infects thrombocytes |
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Term
| What is Anaplasma centrale? |
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Definition
| -bovine anaplasmosis that appearsin the center of RBCs and is native to Central America, no US |
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Term
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Definition
-anaplasma in sheep and goats
-native to Mediterranean |
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Term
| What is the etiologic agent of Feline Infectious Anemia? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe how Mycoplasma haemofelis appears on a blood smear. |
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Definition
| -it is EPICELLULAR on feline erythrocytes |
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Term
| How is Feline Infectious Anemia transmitted? |
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Definition
-fleas (never experimentally proven)
-iatrogenic (blood transfer)
-perinatal |
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Term
| What is the prevalence of Feline Infectious Anemia? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long is the incubation period of Feline Infectious Anemia? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the acute stage of Feline INfectious Anemia. |
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Definition
-Primary parasitemia (at approx 1m): cyclic parasitemia and PCV
-will show up as Coombs' test positive |
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Term
| How does Feline Infectious Anemia affect feline RBCs on blood smears? |
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Definition
| -alters their shape and associates Ab's |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs associated with Feline Infectious Anemia? |
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Definition
| -mild to severe anemia, anorexia, fever, depression, weakness, possible icterus, possible splenomegaly |
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Term
| Why is the potential for chronic stage Feline Infectious Anemia such a clinical concern? |
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Definition
| -it may stick around for life but the clinical disease can be exacerbated by stress especially associated with abscesses and FeLV infection |
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Term
| True or False: Regarding Feline Infectious Anemia, a negative blood smear rules out disease. |
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Definition
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Term
| If you give a cat with Feline Infectious Anemia a Coombs' test, what will the results be? |
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Definition
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Term
| What tests can you use to diagnose Feline Infectious Anemia? |
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Definition
| -Coombs' test, autoagglutination, PCR |
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Term
| If left untreated, ____ percent of cats with Feline Infectious Anemia will die. |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you treat a cat with Feline Infectious Anemia? |
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Definition
| -Doxycycline (3w), possibly enrofloxacin, possible blood transfusions (if PCV<15%), maybe Glucocorticoids |
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Term
| How do you control/prevent Feline Infectious Anemia? |
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Definition
-vector control, prevent iatrogenic trasmission
-no vaccine |
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Term
| What is Mycoplasma haemocanis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the vector for Mycoplasma haemocanis? |
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Definition
| -Rhipicephalus sanguineus |
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Term
| Describe the clinical signs and treatment of Mycoplasma haemocanis. |
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Definition
-usually subclinical: may be larger problems in immunocompromised or spenectmized dogs
-treat with tetracyclines |
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Term
| What is the mycoplasma of pigs? How is it transmitted, present, and treated? |
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Definition
-Mycoplasma suis
-transmitted via lice/mites
-presents with anemia and icterus
-treated with tetracyclines |
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Term
| What is the mycoplasma of camelids? Of Cattle? |
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Definition
-Camelids: Mycoplasma hemolamae
-Cattle: Mycoplasma wenyonii |
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