Term
| Lymph Node Enlargement Causes |
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Definition
inflammation in draining area or obstruction of lymphatics
lymphoid hyperplasia
lymphadenitis
tumor |
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Term
| Lymphadomegaly due to Inflammation |
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Definition
lymph node bulges
on cut surface is wet or red |
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Term
| Lymphadomegaly due to Lymphoid Hyperplasia |
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Definition
infectious etiology, draining of vaccination site
lymph node may buldge
on cut surface is dry |
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Term
| Lymphadomegaly due to Primary Tumor |
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Definition
lymphosarcoma
pale, fleshy, soft to firm bulging on cut surface
effacement and swelling |
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Term
| Lymphadomegaly due to Secondary Tumor |
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Definition
metastasis
cortex or medulla is indistinct
dry and mineralized on cut surface with accompanying connective tissue of tumor |
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Term
| Lymphadomegaly due to Inflammation of the Lymph Node |
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Definition
abscess, granuloma
fungus, bacteria, foreign body, parasite |
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Term
|
Definition
accumulation of carbon pigment in lymph node
tends to happen in mediastinal lymph node |
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Term
|
Definition
node is enlarged, dry and firm on cut surface
may have white hyerplastic nodules visible on cut section
infectious agent is picked up by APC or interstitial fluid
follicular hyperplasia of B cells and/or paracortical hyperplasia (T-cells) |
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Term
|
Definition
| production of myeloid cells (neutrophils) by lymph node due to severe demand of neutrophils in cases of abscess formation, pyoderma, pneumonia etc. |
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Term
|
Definition
production of erythrocytes in lymph nodes due to increased demand for oxygen
pneumonia, chronic heart disease, etc. |
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Term
|
Definition
due to regional lymph node draining a site of inflammation and becomes infected
grossly lymph node is enlarged and red and wet on cut surface |
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Term
|
Definition
due to chronic persistence of an infectious etiology
grossly lymph node is enlarged, red to pale white, firm to soft, or contain friable cheesy material |
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Term
| Lymph Node Atrophy or Hypoplasia |
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Definition
severe combined immuno deficiency syndrome
lack of antigenic stimulation
cachexia and malnutrition
aging
viral infections
stress |
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Term
|
Definition
Streptococcus equi
colonizes upper RT, drains to regional lymph nodes, suppurative lymphadenitis |
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Term
|
Definition
Streptococcus equi
multiple abscessation in organs other than lymph nodes |
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Term
|
Definition
Streptococcus porcinus
colonizes oral cavity, drains to regional mandibular lymph nodes, lead to suppurative lymphadenitis |
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Term
|
Definition
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
direct/fomite contact with abscess contents and gets into wound
local drainage into regional lymph node
causes suppurative lymphadenitis which progresses to caseous lymphadenitis
has laminated onion appearance on cut surface, dry, friable |
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Term
| Granulomatous Lymphadenitis |
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Definition
Mycobacterium sp., Rhodococcus, fungus, parasite, virus, foreign body
lymph node is enlarged, non exudative, pale friable areas which are surrounded by capsule in later stage
macrophages and mutlinucleated giant cells admixed with other inflammatory cells |
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Term
|
Definition
tumor of lymphocytes arising as a solid tissue mass in organs other than bone marrow
of B-, T-, NK cell origin |
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Term
|
Definition
tumor of hematopoeitic cells that originate in bone marrow
RBC, neutrophils, eosinophil, megakaryocyte, lymphocytes, monocytes origin |
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Term
|
Definition
Dog- unknown
Cat- FeLV, FIV
Horse- unknown
Cow- BLV
Chicken- ALV, Marek's |
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Term
| Lymphosarcoma Classification on Histology |
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Definition
Diffuse neoplastic cell sheets
rarely nodular/follicular hierarchy origin |
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Term
| Multicentric Lymphosarcoma |
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Definition
| multiple lymph nodes are involved |
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Term
|
Definition
| involves GI-tract and regional lymph nodes |
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Term
| Mediastinal Lymphosarcoma |
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Definition
mediastinum or thymus are involved
generally affects young animals and is of T-cell origin |
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Term
|
Definition
| skin and draining lymph nodes are involved |
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Term
|
Definition
multicentric
lymphopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, mild neutrophilia
hypercalcemia of malignancy |
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Term
|
Definition
alimentary
mediastinal occurs in young cats and are often FeLV + and are T-cell origin
FIV associated lymphomas are in extranodal sites and are of B-cell origin
mild anemia of chronic disease |
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Term
|
Definition
multicentric
IMHA, monoclonal gammopathy |
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Term
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Definition
mutlicentric
BLV infection
lymphocytosis |
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Term
|
Definition
tumor of late B-cells
occur in older dogs/cats
single, small, non-ulcerated, raised, cutaneous nodules on ears or digits
on cut surface, tumor is well demarcated, non encapsulated, and pale
generally benign |
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Term
|
Definition
malgnant plasma cell tumor arising in bone marrow
vertebrae are commonly vinolves and in older dogs
lameness, ill defined pain, bruising and bleeding
discrete punched out lesions on bone, bone loss, pathologic fracture |
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Term
|
Definition
marked splenomegaly
anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia
seen in large organizing hematomas |
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Term
|
Definition
impaired vascular flow (GDV, heart failure)
barbiturate euthanasia
anesthesia
acute congestion (septicemia)
acute splenitis (septicemia)
acute hemolytic anemia (EIA, babesia) |
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Term
|
Definition
chronic infectious diseases
low grade septicemia
prolonged hemolytic anemia
lymphoid hyperplasia
tumor (lymphoma, histocytic sarcoma)
extramedullary hematopoiesis
lysosomal storage disease and amyloid |
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Term
| Causes of Splenic Nodules with Bloody Consistency |
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Definition
hematoma
incomplete contraction
hemangiosarcoma/hemangioma
acute splenic infarcts |
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Term
| Causes of Splenic Nodules with a Firm Consistency |
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Definition
nodular lymphoid hyperplasia
lymphoma, histiocyctic sarcoma, fibrosarcoma, fibroma, myelolipoma
metastatic neoplasm
granuloma (mycobacteria)
abscessation |
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Term
|
Definition
Francisella tularensis
affects cats
nonclinical infection to sepsis and death
diagnose by isolation of bacteria from blood, exudate, tissues |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| takes place in bone marrow, liver, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes |
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Term
|
Definition
takes place in flat and long bones
epiphysis, metaphysis, diaphysis |
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Term
|
Definition
takes place in metaphysis and epiphysis in long bones
flat bones of skull, sternum, ribs |
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Term
| Extramedullary Hematopoiesis |
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Definition
| takes place in spleen, liver, lymph nodes |
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Term
|
Definition
| give rise to multiple cell lines |
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Term
|
Definition
| give rise to one or more cell lines but limited lineages |
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Term
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Definition
| give rise to only a few cell lines |
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Term
| Mechanism of RBC Production |
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Definition
1. hypoxia stimulates juxtaglomerular apparatus in nephron
2. production and release of erythropoietin
3. EPO stimlates bone marrow to form increased numbers of proerythroblasts and shortens erythrocyte maturation
4. increased RBC production = increased O2 carrying capacity of blood
4. reduction of hypoxia is a negative feedback control mechanism
*takes about 4-6 days for a response |
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Term
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Definition
initial hct is within reference range
splenic contraction delivers high hct blood to compensate
in a few hours, interstitial fluid leaks into vessels
RBC compensation seen in 2-3 days
hemogram returns to normal in 1-2 weeks |
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Term
| Intravascular Hemolysis Findings |
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Definition
hemoglobinemia, hemoglobinuria, hyperbilirubinemia, hyperbilirubinura
shistocytes |
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Term
| Extravascular Hemolysis Findings |
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Definition
not hemoglobinemia or hemoglobinuria
hyperbilirubinemia occurs if liver is overwhelmed
splenomeagly
neutrophilia, monocytosis, thrombocytosis |
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