Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Hematology: intro lecture 1
lecture 1 hematology
165
Anatomy
Graduate
07/25/2011

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What are the 3 leukocytes with granules?
Definition
- Neutrophils
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
Term
What are the 2 types of leukocytes that are mononuclear?
Definition
- monocytes
- lymphocytes
Term
blood cells:
Definition
Erythrocytes (RBCs)
Leukocytes (WBCs)
Granulocytes (recognizable granules)
Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils
Monocytes ( a type of mononuclear cell)
Lymphocytes (a type of mononuclear cell)
Platelets
Term
Is a CBC quantitative or qualitative?
Definition
quantitative
Term
Is a blood smear quantitative or qualitative?
Definition
qualitative (shows structural and functional abnormalities)
Term
RBC indices give RBC __, __, and __ __.
Definition
count
size
hemoglobin content
Term
A __ __ tells you if the bone marrow is responding to anemia or not.
Definition
Reticulocyte count
Term
What lab test tells you RBC size?
Definition
MCV (mean cell volume)
Term
__ is a calculated value that is aka as pap cell volume.
Definition
Hematocrit
Term
Hematocrit is aka __ __ __.
Definition
pap cell volume
Term
How to calculate hematocrit:
Definition
hematocrit= number of cells x size of cells
Term
Fragmented RBCs that have been torn or broken apart by physical means are called ___.
Definition
Schistocytes
Term
Small dense spheroidal RBCs in the peripheral blood are called ___.
Definition
Spherocytes
Term
RBCs that are small, thin, fusiform, and often have end points are called __ __.
Definition
sickle cells
Term
Atypical lymphocytes are __, have more ___, and have __ in their nucleus. The cytoplasm tends to be indented by surrounding RBCs. These atypical lymphocytes are often associated with __ ___.
Definition
- larger
- more cytoplasm
- nucleoli
- infectious mononucleosis
Term
In a patient with megaloblastic anemia you would expect to find __ RBCs and __ neutrophils (more than 3-4 lobes). These are common findings with anemia caused by B12 and folate deficiencies.
Definition
- enlarged RBCs
- hypersegmented
Term
pancytopenia definition:
Definition
all cells are low
Term
bicytopenia definition:
Definition
two cell types are low
Term
If patient has bicytopenia or pancytopenia, have to do a __ __ __.
Definition
bone marrow biopsy
Term
normal hemoglobin and hematocrit levels/reference ranges are different for males and females.
Definition
Term
Hematocrit is the ___ of whole blood made up of __.
Definition
- percentage
- erythrocytes
Term
Anemia work up:
Definition
- CBC
- Peripheral blood smear
- hematocrit
- RBC count
- RBC size and shape
- RBC cytoplasmic inclusions
Term
What 2 RBC indices define the hemoglobin content?
Definition
- Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)
- Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)
Term
To distinguish type of anemia, what do you need to know?
Definition
- size of cell
- amount of hemoglobin
Term
if MCV is too high, the RBCs are __.
Definition
macrocytic
Term
if MCV is too low, the RBCs are ___.
Definition
microcytic
Term
In normochromic RBCs, the hemoglobin content occupies ___ of the central space.
Definition
1/3
Term
In hypochromic RBCs, there is increased central pallor due to decreased or defective ___ synthesis.
Definition
hemoglobin
Term
In the majority of cases, ___ RBCs are also hypochromic.
Definition
microcytic
Term
Main cause of microcytic hypochromic anemia in U.S. adults?
Definition
iron deficiency

(think mIcrocytic> Iron deficiency)
Term
Anemia can be classified physiolgically based on its cause. What are the three general causes of anemia?
Definition
- increased utilization
- increased premature destruction (hemolysis)
- impaired production
Term
Examples of anemia due to increased utilization of RBCs:
Definition
- acute blood loss (hemorrhage)
- trauma (car accident, gun shot wound)
- Hematemesis (peptic ulcer, esophageal varices)
Term
Hemolysis is the premature destruction of RBCs due to intrinsic defects in the RBC or b/c of acquired abnormalities of the __, __ __, or __.
Definition
blood
blood vessels
spleen
Term
Causes of hemolytic anemia (increased destruction):
Definition
- Membrane abnormality
- Cytoplasmic enzyme abnormality (G6PD deficiency)
- Hemoglobin abnormality
- RBC environemnt (extracellular)-antibody mediated
Term
If someone has hemolytic anemia due to a membrane abnormality, you may see ___.
Definition
spherocytes
Term
Someone with __ __ __ or ___ will have abnormal hemoglobin and thus have hemolytic anemia.
Definition
- sickle cell disease
- thalassemia
Term
3 ways to classify anemia:
Definition
- size of RBC
- amount of hemoglobin
- physiologic cause
Term
The physilogic destruction of senescent RBCs takes place within the __ __ cells of the spleen.
Definition
mononuclear phagocytic cells of the spleen
Term
normal life span of RBC:
Definition
120 days
Term
The majority of hemolytic anemias are ___, meaning it occurs in the spleen.
Definition
extravascular
Term
In extravascular hemolytic anemia, the spleen undergoes work related ___ resulting in ___.
Definition
hyperplasia
splenomegaly
Term
extravascular hemolysis occurs in what 3 locations:
Definition
- spleen
- liver
- bone marrow
Term
With extraavascular hemolysis __ is recycled and there is/is not hemoglobin in the urine and plasma.
Definition
- iron is recycled
- is NOT hemoglobin in urine or plasma
Term
A patient has anemia and is jaundice. He does NOT have hemoglobin in his plasma or urine. What type of hemolysis is going on?
Definition
Extravascular hemolysis
Term
With extravascular hemolysis in the spleen, the __ are broken down to amino acids to be used for protein synthesis, while the hemoglobin is broken down to ___ and recycled.
Definition
- globins
- iron
Term
A patient gets a blood transfusion and soon after develops hemolytic anemia. What type of hemolysis do you suspect and where is the iron going?
Definition
- intravascular hemolysis
- iron is not recycled and so is excreted in feces and urine
Term
With extravascular hemolysis, the ___ bilirubin is released into the plasma, where it binds to __ to make it water soluble. It is then taken up by __. As more and more RBCs are destroyed more __ billirubin is produced and the patient becomes jaundice.
Definition
- unconjugted bilirubin
- albumin
- hepatocytes
- unconjugated
Term
unidirectional flow of internal iron exchange:
Definition
iron goes from:

- plasma transferrin> RBC> splenic macrophage (liver and bone marrow)> back to plasma transferrin
Term
Pathologic causes of premature extravascular hemolysis:
Definition
- Sickle Cell Disease
- Spherocytes due to RBC membrane abnormalities
- Antibody coated RBCs (transfusion)
- Abnormal particles in RBC cytoplasm (globin chains in thalassemia)

IMPORTANT TO NOTE THAT THESE TYPES OF ANEMIAS WILL NOT HAVE LOW IRON B/C WITH EXTRAVASCULAR HEMOLYSIS, IRON IS RECYCLED.
Term
Do patients with Sickle Cell Anemia have low iron?
Definition
- No b/c this extravascular hemolysis so iron is recycled
Term
Three causes of reduced production of RBCs resulting in anemia:
Definition
- iron deficiency
- B12/folate deficiency
- space occupying lesions in the bone marrow
Term
With iron deficiency __ synthesis is impaired, so hemoglobin and RBC synthesis is impaired.
Definition
heme
Term
With B12/folate deficiencies, ___ __ and __ __ are impaired.
Definition
DNA synthesis
nuclear maturation
Term
If bone marrow is not responding to anemia as indicated by little or no reticulocytes, what are your 4 differential causes of the anemia?
Definition
- iron deficiency
- B12/folate deficiency
- space occupying lesions in the bone marrow
- bone marrow suppression
Term
newly synthesized RBCs released by the bone marrow are called:
Definition
reticulocytes (larger or more blue than mature RBCs)
Term
2 possible responses of the bone marrow to anemia:
Definition
- accelerated erythropoiesis
- insufficient erythropoiesis
Term
Bone marrow space replacement can prevent the bone marrow from responding to anemia. Metastatic carcinomas, such as __ or __, ___ in the bone marrow, and __ in the bone marrow can all cause this.
Definition
- breast or prostate
- granulomas
- fibrosis
Term
As a RBC matures it gets __, the amount RNA __, and the amount of __ increases.
Definition
- smaller
- decreases
- increases
Term
progression of RBC as it matures:
Definition
orthrochromatophillic erythrocyte> polychromatophillic RBCs aka reticulocyte> mature RBC
Term
The pyknotic nucleus is seen as it is extruded from the immature orthrochromatophilic erythroblast
Definition
Term
Reticulocytes are aka __ __.
Definition
Polychromatophillic RBCs
Term
Polychromatophyllic RBCs are __ than mature RBCs and still contain __ and __ giving the cell a more blue color. When these are specially stained, __ clump together to form blue stained granulars called a ___. These cell are aka ___.
Definition
- larger
- ribosomes
- mitochondria
- ribosomes
- reticulum
- reticulocytes
Term
POLYCHROMATOPHILLIC RBCS IS NOT THE SAME AS POLYCHROMATOPHILLIC NORMLOBLAST= BONE MARROW CELLS. BLAST= BONE MARROW CELLS, NOT RBCS.
Definition
Term
Polychromasia is a ___ feature seen on a peripheral blood smear. It suggests presence of ___, but have to do a __ stain to confirm it.
Definition
- qualitative
- reticulocytes
- supravital stain
Term
Ribosomes in immature red cells clump to form a blue granular network called reticulum when stained with a supravital dye (new methylene blue or cresyl violet) . These circulating immature RBCs are identified as reticulocytes.
Definition
Term
As reticulocytes lose their ___/___, they become mature RBCs.
Definition
- polyribosomes/RNA
Term
Reticulocytes are so named because these cells contain reticular networks of polyribosomes. As reticulocytes loose their polyribosomes they become mature red blood cells.
Definition
Term
Nucleated RBCs in a peripheral blood smear would be normal for who?
Definition
normal for newborns

abnormal for adults
Term
What do nucleated RBCs (nRBCs) indicated in an adult?
Definition
the bone marrow is overwhelmed and trying to get out RBCs as fast as possible
Term
Nucleated RBCs (nRBCs) are very immature and only seen when there is a __ __ for RBCs to be released by bone marrow.
Definition
severe demand
Term
Possible causes of nRBCs:
Definition
- bone marrow infiltration (metastasis)
- severe hemolytic anemia
Term
3 classifications of anemia based on cause:
Definition
Increased utilization (hemorrhage)
Increased destruction (hemolysis)
Impaired production (deficiency)
Term
Bands are immature ___.
Definition
neutrophils
Term
progression of immature granulocytes (recognize terms more than sequence i think):
Definition
myeloblast> promyelocyte> myelocyte> metamyelocyte> band> segment
Term
are there normally more lymphocytes or monocytes?
Definition
lymphocytes
Term
Get the absolute count by multiplying, but most CBC give the absolute count.
NEED TO LOOK AT THE ABSOLUTE COUNT
Definition
Term
Differential WBC Count
One of the most useful tests in the
laboratory
Confirms a suspected hematological disorder (leukemia)
Demonstrates response to infection a/o inflammation
Monitors treatment
Definition
Term
Left shifted maturation means there are more immature leukocytes. This could also be called :
Definition
leukocytosis with a left shift
Term
The absolute count for a specific leukocyte is the __ __ __ multiplied by the __ of that leukocyte in the differential count. This is the number you need to look at, not relative.
Definition
- total WBC count
- percent
Term
With left shifted maturation, __, __, or ___ predominate.
Definition
- bands
- metamyelocytes
- myelocytes
Term
left shifted maturation suggests:
Definition
- bone marrow stress
- acute infection
- inflammation
Term
Too many bands (bandemia) ususally indicate a __ __.
Definition
bacterial infection
Term
Bandemia is important in peds b/c may be only indication of __ in baby.
Definition
infection
Term
IF THE LEFT SHIFT SHOWS TOO MANY BLASTS: this is most concerning type of left shift.
Definition
Term
examples of immature cells:
Definition
Blasts
Lymphoblasts and Myeloblasts
Blast, NOS
Promyelocytes, myelocytes, and metamyelocytes
Nucleated red blood cells
Band Neutrophils > reference range
Term
leukopenia:
Definition
decreased WBC count
Term
Neutropenia:
Definition
- decreased granulocytes
Term
Aplastic anemia is actually a ___ of the __, ___, and ___.
Definition
- pancytopenia
- RBCs, granulocytes, and platelets
Term
___ is a marked reduction of the granulocytes in the blood.
Definition
Agranulocytpenia

<1000 cells/mm3
<500 cells/mm3 (risk of infections)
Term
If you don't have enough granulocytes, you are at a higher risk for __ __.
Definition
bacterial infection
Term
marked reduction in peripheral blood lymphocytes:
Definition
Lymphocytopenia

increased risk for infection
Term
Leukocytosis: increased WBC count above reference range
Specific types-neutrophilic, eosinophilic, lymphocytosis, monocytosis
Most commonly results from an increase in neutrophils
Definition
Term
Leukotytosis is usually due to increased __.
Definition
neutrophils
Term
leukocytosis:
Definition
too many WBCs
Term
Neutrophilia:
Definition
too many neutrophils- probably due to a bacterial infection
Term
Eusinophilia:
Definition
- too many eusinophils
- caused by allergies or parasitic larvae infections (helminths), parasites (helminths, microfilariae, schistomiasis)
Term
With increased lymphocytes consider a __ __ or any __ __.
Definition
- viral infection
- chronic infection
Term
Lymphocytes are divided into __ and __ cells. __ cells are divided into __ __ cells and __ __ cells.
Definition
- B and T
- T cells
- T helper cells
- T suppressor cells
Term
Atypical ___ are seen with infectious mononucleosis. You will see __ __nuclear cells called ___ cells. Large reactive lymphocytes with __ or __ nucleus and abundant foamy ___ that is often blue.
Definition
- lymphocytes
- large mononuclear cells
- Downey cells
- reniform or lobated nuclei
- cytoplasm
Term
Monocytes are ___ and frequently contain ___. They can migrate into tissues where they are known as ___.
Definition
- phagocytes
- vacuoles
- macrophages
Term
Monocytes usually indicate __ __.
Definition
chronic infection
Term
With reactive neutrophillic leukocytosis, you expect a __ __. __ __ are the most common cause of this.
Definition
- left shift
- Bacterial infections
Term
__ __ is marked neutrophilia with many immature cells. This looks like leukemia but is NOT. Once you treat the infection, it goes away.
Definition
- Leukemoid Reaction
Term
Dohle Bodies in Abnormal Granulocytes:
Single or multiple blue grayish blue inclusions of variable size and shape
Remnants of free ribosomes or rough ER
Seen with toxic granules and vacuoles
Described on CBC report
Definition
Term
Dohle bodies and toxic granulations indicate __.
Definition
bacterial infection
Term
Reasons for dohle bodies:
Definition
- poisoning
- burns
- infection
- post chemotherapy
Term
A normal neutrophil has __ to __ lobes. A neutrophil is hypersegmented when the nucleus has __ or more lobes. These cells are larger than normal, this can be caused by __ or __ deficiency or dysplastic syndromes.
Definition
- 3 to 4 lobes
- 6 or more
- B12 or folate
- dysplastic syndromes
Term
Dohle bodies, toxic granulations, and hypersegmented neutrophils would be described on a __ report.
Definition
CBC
Term
Since hypersegmented neutrophils may be caused by B12 or folate deficiencies, hypersegmented neutrophils go along with what type of anemia?
Definition
megaloblastic anemia (caused by b12/folate deficiencies)
Term
BLASTS ARE IMMATURE CELLS THAT BELONG IN THE BONE MARROW AND SHOULD NOT BE IN THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD AND SHOULD NOT BE SEEN ON BLOOD SMEAR OR ON CBC REPORT.
Definition
Term
What are the two type of "blast" cells and what do they develop into?
Definition
- lymphoblasts> lymphocytes
- myeloblasts> basophils, eusinophils, neutrophils
Term
How can you tell if a blast cell is a myeloblast or a lymphoblast?
Definition
- presence of granules

If granules are present it is a myeloblast. However, if granules are absent, it could be a myeloblast or lymphoblast.
Term
The myeloblast is the first stage of the granulocytic series that is identifiable by light microscopy. It may be difficult to distinguish myeloblasts from other blasts in the peripheral blood unless one uses special stains or infers their identity from the presence of other immature cells of the same line.
Definition
Term
An __ rod results from fusion of primary granules in ___. These rods indicate __ __ __.
Definition
- Auer rod
- myeloblasts
- Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia (AML)
Term
Auer Rod
Pink or red, round or rod shaped cytoplasmic inclusions
Aggregated azurophilic granules
Seen in acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (leukemia of granulocytic cells)
Acute promyelocytic leukemia has the most granules
Definition
Term
Auer Rod
Pink or red, round or rod shaped cytoplasmic inclusions
Aggregated azurophilic granules
Seen in acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (leukemia of granulocytic cells)
Acute promyelocytic leukemia has the most granules
Definition
Term
If there are large aggregates of auer rods, it may be __ __ ___, which is important b/c this is curable.
Definition
- acute promyelocytic leukemia
Term
A Leukoerythroblastic Reaction means there are immature __ and __ blood cells due to __ __ in the bone marrow (metastasis or granulomas). This requires __ __ _.
Definition
- Red and White blood cells
- abnormal infiltrates in the bone marrow
- bone marrow sampling
Term
A leukoerythroblastic reaction is a stressed bone marrow –has nucleated red blood cells and immature granulocytic cells. A leukoerythroblastic picture indicates severe disruption of the marrow and requires BM sampling.
Definition
Term
Reactive leukocytosis means the cause is one of what three things:
Definition
- infection
- inflammation
- necrosis
Term
Malignant leukocytosis is due to ___, which is uncontrolled proliferation of ___ causing an accumulation of leukemic cells in the bone marrow and blood. Leukemia starts in the __ __.
Definition
- leukemia
- leukocytes
- bone marrow
Term
Leukemias: neoplasms arising in bone
marrow cells; neoplastic cells
may circulate in the blood and then go
to other tissue
Definition
You always have to go to the bone marrow to make the diagnosis of leukemia
Term
2 classifications of leukemia:
Definition
SO LEUKEMIA WILL EITHER BE:
LYMPHOCYTIC
MYELOGENOUS: granulocytic cell (neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils) and other cells from the myeloid stem cell ( megakaryocytes and monocytes)
Term
Acute leukemia is bad, but that’s not why its called acute. Called acute b/c its made up of immature cells which makes it a far worse disease b/c cells are not maturing.

Most immature lymphocytic cell possible: lymphoblast
Most immature myelogenous cell possible: myeloblast
These two above cells predominate in acute leukemias.

ACUTE LEUKEMIA= ACCUMULATION OF IMMATURE CELLS. There is a maturation arrest.
Definition
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
Term
Chronic Leukemia: accumulation of immature and mature cells (terminally differentiated) in bone marrow and blood, but mature cells predominate
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
Definition
, so will still see myeloblast but also segmented neutrophils, and bands, the bands and segmented neutrophils persist for a long time.
Term
4 components of bone marrow:
Definition
- Red marrow: hematopoietic bone marrow with stem cells, progenitor cells, and developing erythroblasts, myeloblasts, and megakaryoblasts
- Yellow marrow: adipose cells, varies with age and activity
- Marrow sinuses and capillary network
- Hemosiderin: iron stores
Term
When a baby is born all bone marrow is hematopoietic tissue, as get older less hematopoietic tissue
Definition
Term
Areas in an adult where bone marrow still has hematopoietic activity:
Definition
- skull
- sternum and ribs
- proximal ends of humerus and femur
- sacrum ( posterior iliac crest is where bone marrow biopsies are done)
Term
Bone marrow aspiration: liquid
Bone marrow biopsy: solid
Definition
Term
bone marrow indications of iron deficiency anemia:
Definition
iron in macrophages
lack of hemosiderin
Term
Lymphoma is malignancy of __ __.
Definition
lymphoid tissue (lymph nodes, tonsils, adenoids, gi tract)
Term
Multiple Myeloma aka __ __ __ is actually a ___.
Definition
- B-lymphocyte neoplasm
- lymphoma
Term
6 indications of Multiple Myeloma/B-Lymphocyte Neoplasm:
Definition
- bone marrow plasmacytosis
- anemia
- monoclonal gammopathy
- osteolytic bone destruction
- renal failure
- immunodeficiency

BAMORI
Term
Hemostasis:
Definition
- physiologic blood clotting to maintain the blood in an appropriate fluid state, clot free in normal vessels and inducing a rapid and localized hemostatic plug at sites of vascular injury .
Term
Three components of hemostasis and thrombosis:
Definition
- Vascular (endothelium)
- Platelets (peripheral blood)
- Clotting factors (coagulation cascade)
Term
How do you tell a platelet deficiency from a clotting factor deficiency in a patient?
Definition
- Platelet deficiency> petechiae
- Clotting factor deficiency> big bruises, bleeding into joints, hematomas
Term
Platelets are composed of __ and a __ __. There function is ___.
Definition
granules and a tubular system
hemostasis
Term
platelets are aka __ and should be anuclear. Platelets are derived from fragments of ___. Their average lifespan is __ days.
Definition
thrombocytes
megakaryocytes
8-12 days
Term
Thrombocytopenia can be caused by either destroying all the platelets or b/c you are not making them. To know if you are making platelets look at the __ __ and see if there are ___.
Definition
- bone marrow
- megakaryocytes
Term
A patient comes in with thrombocytopenia, you do a bone marrow biopsy and do not see any or few megakaryocytes. What does this tell you?
Definition
They are not making megakaryocytes b/c megakaryocytes are the precursor to platelets
Term
A patient has thrombocytopenia, but there bone marrow does show megakaryocytes. What does this tell you?
Definition
they are making platelets, but they are all being destroyed somehow
Term
Skin Changes due to Thrombocytopenia: Purpura (are large, purple bruises) that are sometimes raised. Petechiae are small red or purple dots that look like a rash.
Definition
Term
skin manifestations of thrombocytopenia:
Definition
petichiae and purpura
Term
Platelets are responsible for filling in gaps between __ cells and _ __, thus preventing the leakage of RBCs into the interstitium. Platelet dysfunction causes leakage of RBCs, producing petechiae. Platelets are also responsible for forming the hemostatic plug in small vessel injury.
Definition
- endothelial cells and small vessels
Term
Platelet count
Normal count is 150,000 to 400,000 cells/μL.
A normal count does not guarantee normal platelet function.
Definition
Term
Bleeding time*
Evaluates platelet function up to the formation of the temporary platelet plug
Normal reference interval is 2 to 7 minutes.
Disorders causing a prolonged bleeding time quantitative and qualitative
*This is listed but it is a rather useless test
Definition
Term
Platelet count is best for assessing ___ disorders (low count). It is misleading if used for qualitiative disorders (function). Less than ___ is severe, while less than ___ puts one at risk for spontaneous bleeding.
Definition
- quanTitative
- 50,000 mm3
- 20,000 mm3
Term
If you order a prothrombin time (PT), you are checking for __ __ of the __ system.
Definition
- factor 7
- extrinsic system
Term
If you order a partial thromboplastin time, you are looking for factors __ and __ of the __ system.
Definition
-8 and 9 (hemophilia)
- intrinsic
Term
Coagulation Cascade is a sequence of enzyme activations
Intrinsic Pathway
Extrinsic Pathway
Common Pathway: Final steps after completion of after completion of the extrinsic and/or intrinsic pathways
Definition
Term
The extrinsic pathway can be evaluated by a __ or __.
Definition
- PT (prothrombin time)
- INR (international normalized ratio)
Term
The intrinsic surface contact pathway can be evaluated by with __.
Definition
- PTT/APTT (activated partial thromboplastin time)
Term
Hemophilia A is a deficiency of __ __.
Definition
factor 8 (intrinsic system)
Term
Hemophilia B is a deficiency of factor __.
Definition
- 9 (intrinsic system)
Term
Patient has hematomas and ecchymoses. What will you use to test them?
Definition
- aPTT to examine factors 8 and 9 of the intrinsic system
- PT to look at factor 7 of the extrinsic system
Term
With liver disease and vitamin K deficiencies, the patient may be deficient in what factors? Thus, which test would you run?
Definition
- 7,2,9,10
- PT to check for deficiency of factor 7 since this one shows up first (extrinsic system)
Term
PT and aPTT are __ tools. __ __ assays are used to confirm what you think is missing is actually missing.
Definition
- screening
- Clotting-factors assays
Term
Prothrombin Time (PT)
Extrinsic pathway factors
Factor 7
Factors 2 (prothrombin), I (fibrinogen), 5, and 10(common pathway)
Definition
Term
Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) or (aPTT)
Intrinsic pathway factors
Factors 12, 11, 8 and 9
Factors 2, I, 5, and 10 (common pathway)
Definition
Term
Factor Assays
Specific assays can be performed that measures the % of factor activity in the deficient plasma
Definition
Term
purpose of a CBC?
Definition
screening test for blood abnormalities
Term
Iron deficiency with small cells= low reticulocyte count> treat pt> retic count should go up after treat patient b/c you have given the bone marrow what it needs
Definition
Term
What is the purpose of MCV on a CBC report?
Definition
Size of cells (mean cell volume), lets you classify it as macrocytic or microcytic or normocytic
Term
Anemia is DEFINED by what 2 things?
Definition
hemoglobin and hematocrit

(it is classified by MCV, but not defined by it)
Term
PAT HAS EASY BRUUISING AND BLEEDING INTO JOINTS, WHICHT TEST IS MOST IMPOROTANT, A PTT/PT OR A PLATELET COUNT?
Definition
PT or PTT
Supporting users have an ad free experience!