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Heart
Power Point 3
74
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
03/24/2015

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What percent of the body's weight does blood represent?
Definition
7-10%
Term
What is the function of blood?
Definition
Transport gases, nutrients, hormones, heat…throughout the body
Term
What is the composition of blood?
Definition
Plasma/Serum and Cells
Term
What percent of blood volume does Plasma/Serum represent?
Definition
55-70%
Term
What does CBC stand for?
Definition
Complete Blood Count
Term
Plasma
Definition
Liquid part of blood with clotting factors still present
Fibrinogen still present
Blood gets added to an anticoagulant (prevents clotting). Then gets centrifuged so cells are at bottom and clear liquid on top.
Term
Serum
Definition
Liquid part of blood with no clotting factors present
Blood clots and clear liquid portion is removed
Slightly less total protein than plasma
Term
What does a Chemistry Panel do?
Definition
It helps see how your body is doing
Term
What blood cell is the heaviest and most numerous?
Definition
Red Blood Cells
Term
Components of Plasma and Serum:
Definition
Water ~ 92%
Protein ~ 7%
Inorganics (electrolytes)
Vitamins
Lipids
Term
Plasma and Serum protein breakdown:
Definition
Albumin – 55%
Globulins – 38% (includes antibodies)
Fibrinogen – 7%
Term
Most numerous blood cell, carry O2
Definition
Erythrocyte (RBC)
Term
Are RBCs nucleated in mammals?
Definition
No
Term
Are RBCs nucleated in reptiles, amphibians, and birds?
Definition
Yes
Term
Another name for White Blood Cells (WBC)?
Definition
Leukocytes
Term
How many kinds of Leukocytes are there and what are they called?
Definition
Two types – Granulocytes and Agranulocytes
Term
How many total types of WBC are there?
Definition
5
Term
What makes Granulocytes different from Agranulocytes?
Definition
They have granules in their cytoplasm
Term
What are the three kinds of Granulocytes?
Definition
Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils
Term
This WBC is the most common in mammals at ~60% of total WBC and it's granules do not stain
Definition
Neutrophil
Term
This WBC makes up ~3% of total WBC and it's granules stain reddish or pink
Definition
Eosinophil
Term
This WBC is rare and only makes up ~1% of total WBCand it's granules stain blue or purple
Definition
Basophil
Term
Which Granulocyte is associated with acute infections, especially bacterial?
Definition
Neutrophils
Term
Which Granulocyte is associated with parasitic infections and allergic reactions?
Definition
Eosinophils
Term
Which Granulocyte is known as mast cells in tissues?
Definition
Basophils
Term
What are Neutrophils called in birds?
Definition
Heterophils
Term
What are the two types of Agranulocyte?
Definition
Lymphocytes, Monocytes
Term
This WBC is the second most common in mammals at ~30% of total WBC and its cytoplasm stains blue
Definition
Lymphocyte
Term
This WBC is the largest and makes up ~5% of total WBC
Definition
Monocyte
Term
What are Monocytes called outside of the blood?
Definition
Macrophages or Phagocytic
Term
Which WBC eats things like infections?
Definition
Monocyte
Term
What are Thrombocytes
Definition
Another name for platelets-
They are fragments of large cells
Term
What do platelets do?
Definition
Stop bleeding
Term
What is Hematopoiesis?
Definition
formation of blood cells
Term
Where does Hematopoiesis occur?
Definition
In bone marrow
Term
What are the two types of Hematopoiesis?
Definition
Erythropoiesis
Leucopoiesis
Term
What does Erythropoiesis do?
Definition
Forms RBC
Term
What does Leucopoiesis do?
Definition
Forms WBC (stem cells)
Term
What is the process for Hematopoiesis?
Definition
Nucleus gets expelled from RBC right before they enter the bloodstream
Term
What does the mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS) do?
Definition
Macrophages in kidney, liver, spleen and lymph nodes recognize old, worn RBCs and take them from circulation
Hb may be partly recycled – especially iron
Leftovers become bilirubin (yellow)
Term
Blockage of bile ducts causes an overload of bilirubin and can lead to what?
Definition
Jaundice
Term
What is MPS also known as?
Definition
Reticuloendothelial System (RES)
Term
What is normal pH of blood?
Definition
7.35-7.45
Term
What is Carbonic Anhydrase and what does it do?
Definition
Enzyme buffer system found in RBCs, respiratory system and renal system
Helps maintain pH
Term
Definition of CBC
Definition
Complete blood count (RBC, WBC, Platelets)
Term
Definition of Differential
Definition
Determination of each WBC type as % of total WBC
Term
Definition of PCV
Definition
Packed cell volume or hematocrit (Hct)
Percentage of total blood volume made up of cells (mostly RBCs)
Term
Definition of Buffy Coat
Definition
Thin whitish line of WBCs between plasma and RBC in centrifuged blood
Term
Definition of Serum Chemistries
Definition
“Chem panel”
Measures various electrolytes and enzymes in serum
Term
Definition of “-philia” and “-cytosis”
Definition
Suffixes referring to increased number of cells
E.g. neutrophilia, lymphocytosis
Term
Definition of “-penia”
Definition
Suffix referring to decreased number of cells
E.g. neutropenia
Term
Definition of Polycythemia in regards to RBC
Definition
Increased numbers
Term
Definition of Anemia in regards to RBC
Definition
Decreased numbers
Term
Definition of Rouleaux in regards to RBC
Definition
Stacked like coins
Term
Definition of Anisocytosis in regards to RBC
Definition
Different sizes
Term
Definition of Polychromasia in regards to RBC
Definition
Different colors
Term
Definition of MCH in regards to RBC
Definition
Mean cell Hb
Term
Definition of MCV in regards to RBC
Definition
Mean cell volume
Term
What species is Rouleaux most common in?
Definition
Cats
Term
What species has the biggest RBC?
Definition
Dogs
Term
What species has the smallest RBC?
Definition
Sheep and Goats
Term
What are the 6 steps of repair after a blood vessel gets damaged?
Definition
Platelets contact damaged surface
Platelets change shape and become sticky; release agents from granules to attract more platelets
Loose platelet plug being formed
Plug gets strengthened by a fibrin meshwork; clot formed and no more bleeding
Clot retracts; decrease in size and breaks down fibrin
Damaged vessel repaired; new CT and endothelial cells [line blood vessels] repair it
Term
What is a Platelet plug
Definition
When blood vessels are damaged, cells secrete chemicals that attract platelets
to stick together to plug hole
Term
What do Anticoagulants do?
Definition
Prevent clotting
Term
When do you use anticoagulants?
Definition
In tubes for blood draw (Need plasma or CBC)
In vivo (Intravascular coagulopathies or
Cardiovascular disease (esp. humans))
Term
How do Coumarins (an anticoagulent) work?
Definition
Antagonize vitamin K so many other factors not synthesized in the liver
Term
What can happen if an animal is subjected to sweet clover poisoning?
Definition
It can bleed out and die
Term
Besides blood thinners and anticoagulents, what else is Coumarins in?
Definition
Rat poisons
Term
What are the most common anticoagulants?
Definition
Ca++ chelators
Term
How do Ca++ chelators (anticoagulants) work?
Definition
Binds calcium so unavailable for clotting
Binds any di- and trivalent cation
Term
How does Heparin (an anticoagulant) work?
Definition
Inactivates several factors in blood and because it is a natural product it breaks down over time
Term
What can Heparin (an anticoagulant) be used for?
Definition
Can be used for CBC
Often used to harvest plasma for tests (interferes less)
Term
What is a Reticulocyte?
Definition
A nucleated, immature RBC
Term
What is Anemia?
Definition
Decreases in RBC or Hb (hemoglobin)
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