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Heart
Power Point 1
37
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
03/24/2015

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Cards

Term
Location and cell type of Visceral pericardium
Definition
On surface
Simple squamous epithelium
Term
Location and cell type of Parietal pericardium
Definition
Pericardial sac around heart
Simple squamous epithelium with some loose C.T
Term
What does the Pericardial space contain?
Definition
Contains pericardial fluid
Term
What is the function of the Pericardial space?
Definition
Lubrication
Term
Three layers of the heart:
Definition
Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium
Term
Location and cell type of Epicardium
Definition
Outside
Visceral pericardium
Term
Location and cell type of Myocardium
Definition
Wall of heart
Cardiac muscle with C.T.
Term
Location and cell type of Endocardium
Definition
Inner lining
Simple squamous epithelium
Term
What is between the right and left ventricles?
Definition
Interventricular septum
Term
What separates the atrium from the ventricle?
Definition
A.V. Valve
Term
Valve between the aorta and left ventricle?
Definition
Aortic Semilunar Valve
Term
Valve between the pulmonary artery and right ventricle?
Definition
Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
Term
Microscopic makeup of Myocardium
Definition
Mostly cardiac muscle
Intercalated disks
Striated
Branched cells
Purkinje fibers
Term
What are Intercalated disks?
Definition
Specialized cell junctions for action potential flow
Term
What are Purkinje fibers?
Definition
Specialized cells for initiation of carrying of action potential
Term
Characteristics of Cardiac Muscle
Definition
Intrinsic (No nerve impulse needed, Initiates its own action potential)

Involuntary (Not under conscious control)

Autonomic Nervous System (Parasympathetic/Sympathetic controls rate and force)
Term
What kind of circulatory system do mammals have?
Definition
Dual
Term
What are the two circuits?
Definition
Pulmonary (lungs), Systemic (body)
Term
What does the pulmonary circuit pick up and give off?
Definition
Picks up O2, Gives off CO2
Term
What does the systemic circuit pick up and give off?
Definition
Picks up CO2, Gives off O2, carries nutrients
Term
Path of blood flow to the heart
Definition
Venules to veins to larger vein to cranial and caudal vena cava to right atrium
Term
Path of blood flow from the heart
Definition
Branches to large artery to smaller arteries to arterioles to capillaries in tissues all over body
Term
What are the 4 steps to Cardiac Action Potential (AP)
Definition
1. Fluctuating r.m.p.(Leaky Na+ channels
slowly increases r.m.p. to threshold)
2. Voltage gated Na+ channels open and Na+ rushes into cell for rapid voltage increase (Depolarization occurs)
3. Plateau phase as Ca++ enters cell
4. Repolarization as K+ leaves the cell
Term
What does the Conduction Network do?
Definition
Spreads AP through heart
Term
How does the Conduction Network spread AP through heart? (5 steps)
Definition
1. Pacemaker (SA node in right atrium sets rate of firing and spreads across both atria)
2. AV node pauses as atria contract
3. AV bundle
4. Right and left bundle branches
5. Purkinje fibers through walls of ventricles
Term
What do purkinje fibers do?
Definition
Help AP
Term
Does does ECG stand for?
Definition
Electocardiogram
Term
Does does an ECG do?
Definition
Measure electrical movement across heart
Term
What are the three parts to an ECG
Definition
P wave – depolarization of atria
QRS complex – depolarization of ventricles
T wave – repolarization of ventricles
Term
What happens when the heart is in the Systole period?
Definition
Contraction
Creates high pressure
Term
What happens when the heart is in the Diastole period?
Definition
Relaxation and filling
Lower pressure
Term
When do AV valves open?
Definition
When atrial pressure is greater than ventricular pressure
Term
When do SL valves open?
Definition
When ventricular pressure is greater than arterial pressure
Term
When do AV valves close?
Definition
When ventricular pressure is greater than atrial (as ventricles contract)
"Lub sound"
Term
When do SL valves close?
Definition
When arterial pressure is greater than ventricular
"Dub sound"
Term
When do you get heart murmurs?
Definition
When Valves do not completely close or blood flow is extra turbulent
Term
When do you get an occasional third heart sound?
Definition
When there is rapid ventricular filling, especially in large slow hearts
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