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HEART
N/A
36
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
06/30/2014

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Term
Pulmonary versus Systemic circuits
Definition
Pulmonary circuit goes to/through lungs

Systemic circuit goes to/through rest of body
Term
Pericardium
Definition
2 layers: Fibrous pericardium (dense connective tissue) and serous pericardium (2 layers, parietal and visceral, like all serous membranes)
Term
Epicardium
Definition
Visceral layer of the serous pericardium
Term
Myocardium
Definition
Consists of cardiac muscle, STRIATED LIKE SKELETAL MUSCLE
Term
Endocardium
Definition
Endothelium resting on a layer of connective tissue, lines internal walls of heart, underneath this is heart chamber
Term
Order layers of heart
Definition
Fibrous layer of pericardium, parietal serous layer of pericardium, pericardial cavity, epicardium, myocardium, endocarium, heart chamber
Term
What are the superior chambers of the heart? The inferior chambers?
Definition
Atria; ventricles
Term
What are the layers that divide the chambers of the heart called?
Definition
The interventricular and interatrial septum
Term
Coronary sulcus
Definition
Groove that separates atria from ventricles, left and right coronary arteries lie in this
Term
Right atrium receives blood from what circuit
Definition
Systemic circuit
Term
Pectinate muscles
Definition
Line inside anterior of right atrium
Term
Crista terminalis
Definition
Smooth muscular ridge in right atrium that is landmark for where veins enter right atrium
Term
Fossa ovalis
Definition
Depression in interatrial septum
Term
Right ventricle receives blood from what through what
Definition
Blood from right atrium through tricuspid valve
Term
What does the right ventricle do
Definition
Pump blood into the pulmonary circuit
Term
What is the name of the valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk
Definition
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Term
Internal walls of ventricles
Definition
Trabeculae carneae, Papillary muscles, Chordae tendineae
Term
Left atrium receives what kind of blood from where
Definition
Oxygenated blood from pulmonary circuit
Term
Name of the valve between left atrium and left ventricle
Definition
left atrioventricular valve
Term
Name of valve between left ventricle and pulmonary circuit
Definition
Aortic semilunar valve
Term
What are heart valves made of
Definition
Endocardium with connective tissue core
Term
What is the function of the atrioventricular valves?
Definition
Prevents blood from flowing back into the atria after the atria has contracted and sent blood into ventricle
Term
What is the function of the semilunar valves?
Definition
When the ventricle contracts, it sends blood into the pulmonary/systemic circuits, and the valve prevents blood from flowing backwards into the ventricle
Term
Lub-dub: what makes which sounds
Definition
Lub=AV valves closing, dub=semilunar valves closing
Term
Do atria and ventricles contract separately or together?
Definition
Atria contract together, ventricles contract together, but atria do not contract with ventricles
Term
Trace pathway of blood through heart, starting from SVC/IVC onwards
Definition
SVC/IVC to right atrium, through tricuspid valve to right ventricle, through pulmonary semilunar valve to pulmonary trunk, to lungs, to pulmonary veins, to left atria, through mitral valve to left ventricle, through aortic semilunar valve to the aorta, to the rest of the body, back to SVC/IVC
Term
Do atria or ventricles have thick walls?
Definition
Atria have thin walls, ventricles have thick walls
Term
Which is thicker-left or right ventricle, and why?
Definition
Left ventricle is 3 times thicker because systemic circuit is so much larger than pulmonary circuit
Term
Systole versus diastole
Definition
Systole=contraction of heart chamber

Diastole=expansion of heart chamber
Term
Vagus nerve decreases or increases heart rate? Thus, is sympathetic or parasympathetic?
Definition
Decreases, thus parasympathetic
Term
What arteries supply blood to heart? Where do they come from? Describe the branches.
Definition
Coronary arteries from the aorta. Left and Right Coronary Arteries, first branches off the aorta; Left coronary artery branches, creating the Left Anterior Descending (LAD) artery and the circumflex artery.
Term
What are the kind of nerves that go to the heart?
Definition
Vagus nerve (parasympathetic) and some sympathetic fibers and visceral sensory fibers
Term
What does the SA node do? What happens then?
Definition
Generates impulses which then go to the AV node and pause for 1 second
Term
What does the AV bundle connect?
Definition
Atria to ventricles
Term
What do bundle branches do?
Definition
Conduct nerve impulses through interventricular system
Term
What do Purkinje fibers do?
Definition
Stimulate contraction of both ventricles
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