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Heart
Covers structures of the heart, layers of the heart wall, and cardiovascular tissue.
41
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
02/27/2013

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Term
Pericardial Cavity
(Mediastinum)
Definition
The heart is located in this space near the anterior chest wall, directly posterior to the sternum.
Term
Pericardial Sac
Definition
A cavity made up of two layers - the fibrous pericardium and the parietal (serous) pericardium.
Term
Fibrous Pericardium
Definition
An outer layer of dense, irregular connective tissue containing abundant collagen fibers, reinforcing the serous membrane of the parietal pericardium.
Term
Parietal (Serous) Pericardium
Definition
Using the "balloon" example in your textbook, the part of the balloon in contact with your fist.
Term
Visceral (Serous) Pericardium/Epicardium
Definition
Bound to the muscle tissue of the heart. Using the "balloon" example in your textbook, the part of the balloon not in contact with your fist.
Term
Myocardium
Definition
Multiple, interlocking layers of cardiac muscle tissue, with associated connective tissues, blood vessels, and nerves.
Term
Endocardium
Definition
The inner surfaces of the heart are covered by this layer of simple squamous epithelium. This layer is continuous with endothelium of the attached blood vessels.
Term
Cardiocytes
Definition
The sarcoplasm of these cells contains hundreds of mitochondria and a lot of myglobin to store oxygen, heavy circulatory supply, and contract without signal from the nervous tissue.
Term
Intercalated Discs
Definition
Cardiocytes are connected to neighboring cells via these specialized junctions.
Term
Fibrous Skeleton
Definition
The internal connective tissue of the heart, which stabilizes contractile cells and valves; support the muscle cells, blood vessels, and nerves; distribute the forces of contraction; add strength and elasticity; and physically isolate atria from ventricles.
Term
Apex
Definition
The inferior, round tip of the heart, which points laterally at an oblique angle.
Term
Base
Definition
The broad superior portion of the heart where the heart is attached to the major arteries and veins of the systemic and pulmonary circuits.
Term
Sternocostal Surface
Definition
The anterior surface, consisting mostly of the right atrium and right ventricle due to the rotation of the heart slightly to the left.
Term
Diaphragmatic Surface
Definition
The posterior and inferior wall of the left ventricle form most of this sloping, posterior surface.
Term
Coronary Sulcus
(Atrioventricular Groove)
(Coronary Groove)
Definition
The atria of the heart are separated from the ventricles by these grooves that contain the trunks of the nutrient vessels of the heart.
Term
Anterior Interventricular Sulcus
Definition
Linear depressions on the anterior surface that indicate the division between the left and right ventricles.
Term
Posterior Interventricular Sulcus
Definition
Linear depressions on the posterior surface that indicate the division between the left and right ventricles.
Term
Right Atrium
Definition
Superior chamber of the right side of the heart, receiving deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cava and pumps into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve.
Term
Right Auricle
Definition
When not filled with blood, this outer portion of the right atrium deflates and becomes a lumpy, wrinkled flap.

(It reminded early anatomists of the external ear.)
Term
Superior Vena Cava
Definition
This major vein receives deoxygenated blood from the tissues and organs of the head, neck, chest, shoulders, and upper limbs.
Term
Inferior Vena Cava
Definition
This major vein collects most of the venous blood from organs inferior to the diaphragm.
Term
Coronary Sinus Opening
Definition
A small opening in the right atrium.
Term
Pectinate Muscles
Definition
Behind the crest of the right atrium are muscle fibers raised into parallel ridges resembling the teeth of a comb.
Term
Fossa Ovalis
Definition
A depression in the right atrium of the heart, remnant of a thin fibrous sheet the covered the foramen ovale during fetal development.
Term
Interatrial Septum
Definition
The wall of tissue that separates the right and left atria.
Term
Interventricular Septum
Definition
The stout wall separating the ventricles of the heart.
Term
Foramen Ovale
Definition
In the fetal heart, this structure allows blood to enter the left atrium from the right atrium. This closes shortly after birth.
Term
Right Ventricle
Definition
Oxygen-poor venous blood travels from the right atrium into this inferior chamber of the heart.
Term
Tricuspid Valve
(Right Atrioventricular (AV) Valve)
Definition
Formed by three fibrous flaps (cusps), this valve prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium.
Term
Papillary Muscles
Definition
Bundles of collagen fibers that attach to the free edges of the cusps of the AV valves arise from these cone-shaped muscular projections of the inner ventricular surface.
Term
Chordae Tendinae
Definition
Bundles of collagen fibers that the free edges of the cusps are attached.
Term
Trabecular Carnae
Definition
A series of irregular muscle folds on the internal surface of the ventricle.
Term
Moderator Band
Definition
A band of ventricular muscle that extends from the interventricular septum to the anterior wall of the right ventricle and the bases of the papillary muscles.
Term
Conus Arteriosus
Definition
A smooth-walled, cone-shaped pouch at the superior end of the right ventricle that ends at the pulmonary valve.
Term
Pulmonary Semi-Lunar Valve
Definition
A valve consisting of three thick semi-lunar cusps which prevents backflow from the pulmonary trunk into the right ventricle.
Term
Pulmonary Trunk
Definition
The start of the pulmonary circuit. Immediately adjacent to the right ventricle, but seperated by the pulmonary semi-lunar valve.
Term
Left Atrium
Definition
Oxygen-rich blood flows into this superior heart chamber from the pulmonary capillaries.
Term
Bicuspid Valve
(Mitral Valve)
(Left Atrioventricular (AV) Valve)
Definition
Formed by two fibrous flaps (cusps), this valve prevents backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium.
Term
Left Ventricle
Definition
With the thickest wall of any heart chamber, this inferior structure develops enough pressure to force blood throughout the entire systemic circuit.
Term
Aortic Semi-Lunar Valve
Definition
A valve consisting of three thick semi-lunar cusps which prevents backflow from the pulmonary trunk into the right ventricle.
Term
Aorta
Definition
The major artery of the systemic circuit.
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