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Heart Physiology Lab
Week 5
54
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
02/21/2012

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Term
Blood pressure
Definition
pressure exerted by blood against vessel walls, highest in aorta and decreases farther from heart (zero in right atrium)
Term
Systolic blood pressure
Definition
measure of pressure in arteries as ventricles contract
PEAK PRESSURE
Term
Diastolic blood pressure
Definition
measure of pressure in arteries as ventricles relax and arteries recoil
Term
Blood pressure is measured in _____.

______ is used to take blood pressure. Where?

Blood pressure is recorded as:
Definition
mm Hg (millimeters of mercury)

sphygmomanometer
over brachial artery

systolic pressure OVER diastolic pressure
Term
Normal resting blood pressure is ________.
Definition
120/80
Term
Blood pressure higher that 120/80 is ___________.
Definition
hypertension
Term
Pulse
Definition
alternate expanding (during systole) and recoiling (during diastole) of arterial wall
Term
Blood enters atrial chambers at ________and leaves ventricles at _____________.
Definition
low pressure

higher pressure
Term
The function of ______ is to provide energy to force blood through the circulatory system.
Definition
arterial pressure
Term
Cardiac contractions are NOT dependent upon ________. However, innervation by the ________ and ________ nerves does modify basic cardiac rhythm. (part of which system?)
Definition
nerve supply

parasympathetic(vagus) and sympathetic

BOTH of these are part of CNS!!!!
Term
The CNS (through sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves) can affect heart RHYTHM. For example, when the respiratory activity affects heart rate it is called _______________.
Definition
sinus arrhythmia
Term
SA node

what is produced here?
Definition
sinoatrial node

-group of specialized MUSCLE CELLS that acts as PACEMAKER for heart

rhythmically produce ACTION POTENTIALS that spread through muscle fibers of atria
Term
Where do action potentials of SA node travel to?

What effect does this have?
Definition
travel through muscle fibers of atria

effect: pushes blood into ventricles
Term
What is significant about AV node?

What does it allow?
Definition
only electrical connection between atria and ventricles

...this allows atrial contraction to contribute to ventricular filling
Term
5 steps in pathway of electrical conduction of heart?
Definition
1) Sinoatrial (SA) node
2) Atrioventricular (AV) node
3) Atrioventricular (AV) bundle -Bundle of HIS
4)Right and left bundle branches
5) Purkinje fibers (from apex upward to ventricular myocardium)
Term
AV bundle is also known as ________. It is the ____ step in electrical conduction system
Definition
bundle of HIS

3rd
Term
The function of the Purkinje fibers is ______
Definition
excite both ventricles
Term
__________ produce electrical currents that spread through the body fluids.

These currents are LARGE. Therefore, what are these currents used for?
Definition
myocardial cells

currents are used by recording ELECTRODES placed on the skin
Term
________ allows for ventricular filling.
Definition
atrial contraction
Term
When taking one's blood pressure, during systolic _____________ and then during diastolic ____________.
Definition
can hear

Can NO longer hear
Term
TRUE or FALSE?

action potentials generated from atrial and ventricular fibers are different from those recorded from nerves and skeletal muscles
Definition
TRUE

-cardiac action potential is composed of 3 phases:
1) rapid depolarization
2) plateau depolarization (very obvious in ventricular fibers)
3) repolarization -back to resting potential
Term
ECG:
P wave
Definition
atrial depolarization
Term
ECG:
QRS complex
Definition
ventricular depolarization, atrial repolarization masked
Term
ECG:
T wave
Definition
ventricular repolarization
Term
ECG:
T wave
Definition
ventricular repolarization
Term
Ventricles forcefully contract during during systole. WHY?
Definition
so they can push blood through semilunar valves into arterial system
Term
systolic pressure
Definition
PEAK pressure raeched during cardiac cycle
Term
Diastolic pressure
Definition
relaxation of ventricles
Term
dicrotic notch

what is it caused by?
Definition
a small plateau or dip in the pressure wave,

caused by closure of aortic valve
Term
___________ are connections between the vessels in the hand that come off of the radial and ulnar arteries.
Definition
anastomoses
Term
What device is placed on the finger?

This device provides us with ____________________.
Definition
finger pulse transducter

...an indication of net rate of blood flow in to the finger pulp

-provides an indication of change into the finger pulp over time
Term
__________ is on the same side of the hand as the ulnar artery.
Definition
superficial palmar arch
Term
______________ is on the same side of the hand as the radial artery.
Definition
deep palmar arch
Term
How does cold effect the pulse?
Definition
SLOWs heart rate, makes pulse less
Term
What is one thing that can affect heart rhythym?
Definition
CNS
Term
What is one important thing to remember when talking about systole and diastole?
Definition
they both refer to "measure of pressure in the arteries"
Term
P wave is ________. During this time, ___mL move from passive flow/gravity, and ____mL flow by systole. The total is equivalent to 130 mL and is known as __________.
Definition
atrial systole

105 mL
25 mL

end diastolic volume
Term
QRS wave corresponds to which part of electrical conduction system?
Definition
AV node--> atrioventricular bundle-->Purkinje fibers
Term
During the QRS wave, ___________ pressure occurs when __________.
Definition
ventricular systole

ventricles contract
Term
first heart sound occurs in which wave?
Definition
QRS

after: ventricles contract
when: blood catches tricuspid and bicuspid valves and shuts them
Term
Stroke volume
Definition
a volume of 70 mL is ejected from each ventricle-when blood pushes semilunar valves opened
Term
End diastolic volume

amount?
definition?
Definition
60 mL blood
"S" is for systolic and sixty

blood remaining in each ventricle after semilunar valves eject
Term
Which occurs first when it comes to end systolic and end diastolic volume?
Definition
end diastolic volume comes first (D before S)
Term
End diastolic volume is =
Definition
130 mL total that travels into ventricles
Term
P wave corresponds to what on electrical conduction system?
Definition
SA node over atria
Term
PQ interval
Definition
time elapsing between end of P wave and beginning of QRS complex

012-.20 sec
Term
isovolumentric relaxation

during what wave?
Definition
all four valves are closed simultaneously AFTER second heart sound and dicrotic wave

T wave
Term
second heart sound
Definition
blood in aorta and pulmonary trunk flows back, fill semilunar valves and shuts them

T wave
Term
Neither of the heart sounds occur in ___ wave.
Definition
P wave
Term
Heart muscles generate __________
Definition
action potentials
Term
______ is how blood enters the ventricles. Where exactly is this located?
Definition
AV node

interatrial septum
Term
Where are pukinje fibers located?
Definition
along ventricle walls
Term
ventricular systole is = what wave?
Definition
QRS wave
Term
An ECG is NOT _________, but instead a ________.
Definition
a single action potential

collection of many action potenials
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