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Heart Chapter 21
Heart Chapter 21
33
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
04/12/2012

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Cards

Term
What are the two major circuits that are in the cardiovascular system?
Definition

- Pulmonary circult

- Systemic circult

Term
What is the pulmonary circuit?
Definition

- Carries oxygen- Poor blood form the heart to the lungs and returns oxygen-rich blood to the heart

- Pulmonary arteries- Transports blood away from the heart.

- Capillaries- Interconnect arterles and veins.

- Pulmonary veins- Carry blood to the heart.

Term
What is systemic circuit?
Definition

-Delivers oxygen- Rich blood to the tissues and returns ocygen-poor blood to the heart.

Arteries, capillaries and veins.

Term

Approximately how many times does the heart beat a day?

Who much blood does your heart pump in a year?

 

Definition

100,000 times.

1.5 million gallons of blood.

Term
The heart can be found in the what cavity?
Definition

Pericardial Cavity.

Situated in the mediastinum between the pleural cavlties.

Term

What surrounds the outer line of the heart?

What makes up the external anatomy of the pericardium?

Definition

- Serous membrane lining the pericardial cavity.

- What makes up the external anatomy of the pericardium:

- Parietal pericardium

- Visceral pericardium

- Pericardial cavity

 

Term
What is Parietal pericardium?
Definition

It is the outters most layer of the serous membrane lining.

- Reinforced by an outer layer of dense, irregular connective tissue.

Term
What is visceral pericardium?
Definition

It is the intermost surface of the two membranes that surrounds the heart.

- Epicardium

Term
What is the Pericardial cavity?
Definition

- Between the parietal and visceral surfaces.

- Contains 10-20 mL of pericardial fluid- acts as a lubricant.

Term
What makes up the external anatomy (great vessels) of the heart?
Definition

- Superior vina cava

- Inferior vina cava

- Pulmonary veins

- Aorta

Term
What makes up the anatomy of the heart wall?
Definition

- Epicardium

- Myocardium

- Endocardium

Term
What is Epicardium?
Definition

- The outermost layer of the heart wall.

- Visceral pericardium.

Term
What is Myocardium?
Definition

- Multiple, interlocking lahers of cardiac muscle.

- Associated connective (collagen and elastic fibers), blood vessels, and nerves.

Term
What is Endicardium?
Definition

- Simple squamous epithelium supported bu areolar connective tissue.

- Continuous with the endothelium of blood vessels.

Term
What are the differents between the cardiac and skeletal muscles?
Definition

- Cardiac muscle cells are interconnected by speciallzed junctions- Intercalated discs

- Involuntary- Pace can be changed through autonomic nervous sustem activity.

- Circulatory supply is more extensive

- Connected by gap junctions

- Totally dependent on aerobic respiration for energy supply.

Term
Internal anatomy of the right artium. What does the right artium do?
Definition

Receives oxygen- Poor venous blood form the systemic circult.

-- Superior vena cava

-- Inferior vina cava

-- Coronary sinus

-Interaltrial septum

--Foramen ovale 

Term
What is the Superior vina cava?
Definition

Head, neck, upper limbs, chest.

 

Term
What is the Inferior vena cava?
Definition
Tissues and organs of the abdominal and pelvic cavities and lower limbs
Term
What is the Coronary sinus?
Definition
Heart wall
Term
What is Foramen ovale?
Definition

Permits blood flow form the right atrium  to the left atrium.

- Closed 48 hours after birth

- Fossa ovalis

Term
What is the internal anatomy of the right ventricle?
Definition

- Right atrivenricular valve (Tricuspld valve).

-- 3 fibrous flaps (cusps)

-Chordea tendiease

- Papillaru muscle

- Pulmonary semilunar valve

--3 semilunar cusps

Term
What is Chordea tendinese?
Definition

- Bundles of collagen fibers.

- Limit cusps movement, precents backflow of blood.

Term
What is Papillary Muscle?
Definition
- Cone-shaped muscular projections of the inner centricular suface.
Term
What is the internal anatomy of the left atrium?
Definition

- Four pulmonary veins bring oxygen-rich blood to the left artrium.

- Left atrioventricular valve (Bicuspid valve or Mitral valve) 

-- 2 fibrous cusps

Term
What is internal anatomy of the left ventricle?
Definition

- The thickest wall of any chamber

- Pumps blood through the systemic circuit 

- 2 large papillary muscles where the chordae tendineae.

- Aortic semilunar valve.

-- Prevents the backflow of blood into the left ventricle.

- Interventricular septum.

Term
What is the Path of blood flow through the heart?
Definition

1) Superior/ inferior vena cava

2) Right atrium

-Tricuspid

3) Right ventricle

- Pulmonary semilunar

4) Pulmonary artery

5) Lungs

-Capillaries give the blood Oxygen.

6) Pulmonary vein

7) Left atrium

- Bicuspid

8) Left ventricle

-Aortic semilunar

9) Aorta

10) Body and then back to the Superior/ inferior vena caca.

Term
What does the right coronary vessels arteries do?
Definition

- Originates at the base of the ascending aorta.

- Supplies blood to the:

-- Right atrium and ventricle.

-- Portion of the left centricle

-- Portions of the conducting system

-- Interatrial septum

Term
What does the left coronary vessel arteries do?
Definition

- Origomates at the vase of the ascending aorta

- Supplies blood to the:

-- Left ventricle

-- Left atrium

-- Intervntricular septum

- Branches 

--Left anterior descending (LAD)

---ANterior interventricular branch

--Left circumflex- posterior surface of the heart.

Term
The corinary vessels- viens. How many are there?
Definition

- Two

--Great and middle cardiac veins

-- Coronary sinus

Term

What does the great and middle cardiac veins do?

 

Definition

- Collect blood form the smaller veins and deliver it ot the corinary sinus.

 

Term
What does the Coronary sinus do?
Definition

- In the posterior surface

- Dralns into the right atrium inferior to the opening of the inferior vena cava.

Term

What is the elctrical conduction system of the heart.

 

Definition

- Distribute the contractile stimulus to the mycardium.

- Sinoatrail (SA) Node 

-- Lovcated  in the right atrium.

- Atrioventricular (AV) node

- Bundle of his 

- Right and left bundle branches 

- Pukinje Fibers

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