Term
|
Definition
| heatlh is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| wellness is a multidimensional state of being describing the existence of positive health in an individual as exemplified by quality of life and a sense of well-being |
|
|
Term
| what physical factors influence health and wellness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what heredity factors influence health and wellness |
|
Definition
| body size, muscle fiber composition |
|
|
Term
| what environmental factors influence health and wellness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what aspects of physical activity affect health and wellness |
|
Definition
| amount, type of participation |
|
|
Term
| what social factors influence health and wellness |
|
Definition
| leisure time activities, societal influences |
|
|
Term
| what are cardiovascular adaptations to exercise |
|
Definition
| increased cardiac output, increased heart rate, increased bloodflow to working muscles, increased systolic blood pressure, increased cardiac contractility, decreased peripheral resistance, increased venous return |
|
|
Term
| what are pulmonary adaptations to exercise |
|
Definition
| increased minute ventilation (increased tidal volume, increased breathing frequency); decreased inspiratory/expiratory reserve |
|
|
Term
| what are musculoskeletal adaptations to exercise |
|
Definition
| increased bloodflow to working muscle, increased bone density, increased muscle strength, increased ligament strength/flexibility/thickness, increased articular cartilage thickness, increased oxidative capacity |
|
|
Term
| what limits aerobic capacity in children |
|
Definition
| cardiac size and pulmonary capacity |
|
|
Term
| what limits peak VO2 in children |
|
Definition
| blood volume and hemoglobin |
|
|
Term
| why do children have to do increased work for breathing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does muscle strength and endurance in children affect their ability to exercise |
|
Definition
| limited tolerance for high-intensity and heavy resistance exercise; limited muscle mass and strength |
|
|
Term
| describe flexibility in children |
|
Definition
| limited flexibility following skeletal growth |
|
|
Term
| describe body composition in children |
|
Definition
| lean body mass increases with age after infancy. Obesity epidemic is an important consideration |
|
|
Term
| describe cardiovascular, pulmonary, and aerobic capacity in adulthood |
|
Definition
| sex-related differences emerge in stroke volume, hemoglobin content, and cardiac output |
|
|
Term
| how does body fat change as we age |
|
Definition
| body fat increases 2-2.5% per decade even in regularly exercising individuals |
|
|
Term
| describe cardiovascular, pulmonary, and aerobic capacity in older adulthood |
|
Definition
| max heart rate decreases, blood pressure increases, cardiac output decreases, and stroke volume decreases. Increased work of breahtting and decreased compliance |
|
|
Term
| how does muscle mass change with age |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are benefits of physical activity |
|
Definition
| weight control; reduce risk of cardiovascular disease; reduce risk of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome; reduce risk of some cancers; strengthen bones and muscles; improve mental health and mood; improve ability to do daily activities and prevent falls in older adults; increase chances of living longer |
|
|
Term
| how often should infants interact with caregivers in physical activities that are dedicated to exploring movement and the environment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how often should caregivers place infants in settings that encourage and stimulate movement experiences and active play |
|
Definition
| short periods serveral times a day |
|
|
Term
| what should caregivers understand about activity for infants |
|
Definition
| physical activity in a safe environment is important and should promote movement skills by providing opportunities for structures and unstructured physical activity |
|
|
Term
| how much structured physical activity should toddlers engage in each day |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how much unstructured physical activity should toddlers engage in each day |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the maximum amount of time (at one time) that toddlers should be sedentary, except when sleeping |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe the types of activity that should be facilitated for toddlers |
|
Definition
| toddlers should be given ample opportunities to develop movement skills that will serve as the building blocks for future motor skillfulness and physical activity. Toddlers should have access to indoor and outdoor areas that meet or exceed recommended safety standards for performing large-muscle activities |
|
|
Term
| what are caregivers of toddlers responsible for |
|
Definition
| understanding the importance of physical activity and promoting movement skills by providing opportunities for structured and unstructured physical activity and movement experiences |
|
|
Term
| how much structured physical activity should preschoolers engage in each day |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how much unstructured physical activity should preschoolers engage in each day |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the maximum amount of time (at one time) that preschoolers should be sedentary, except when sleeping |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe the types of activity that should be facilitated for preschoolers |
|
Definition
| preschoolers should be encouraged to develop competence in fundamental motor skills that will serve as the building blocks for future motor skillfulness and physical activity. Preschoolers should have access to indoor and outdoor areas that meet or exceed recommended safety standards for performing large muscle activities |
|
|
Term
| what are caregivers of preschoolers responsible for |
|
Definition
| understanding the importance of physical activity and promoting movement skills by providing opportunities for structured and unstructured physical activity and movement experiences |
|
|
Term
| what does physical activity do for you |
|
Definition
| regular physical activity improves overall health and fitness and reduces risk of many chronic diseases |
|
|
Term
| how much physical activity should children and adolescents do each day |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how often should children and adolescents do vigorous-intensity aerobic activity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how often should children and adolescents do muscle strengthening activities |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are examples of muscle strengthening actiities tha tchildren can do |
|
Definition
| tug of war, push-ups, weights/bands, rope climbing, sit ups, play ground equipment, gymnastics |
|
|
Term
| how often should children and adolescents do bone strengthening activities |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are examples of bone strengthening actiities tha tchildren can do |
|
Definition
| jump rope, hopscotch, hopping/skipping/jumping, running, sports |
|
|
Term
| what are examples of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise that children can do |
|
Definition
| hiking, skateboarding, rollerblading, bike riding, walking |
|
|
Term
| what are examples of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise that adolescents can do |
|
Definition
| canoeing, hiking, skiing, skateboarding, rollerblading, brisk walking, bike riding, sweeping, mowing lawn, baseball, softball, basketball, volleyball |
|
|
Term
| what are examples of vigorous intensity aerobic exercises that children can do |
|
Definition
| active running/chasing games, bike riding, jump rope, martial arts, running, sports |
|
|
Term
| what are examples of vigorous intensity aerobic exercises that adolescents can do |
|
Definition
| active running/chasing games, bike riding, jump rope, martial arts, running, sports, dancing, cheerleading |
|
|
Term
| what are examples of muscle strengthening actiities that adolescents can do |
|
Definition
| tug of war, push-ups, weights/bands, rope climbing, sit ups, rock climbing, gymnastics, cheerleading |
|
|
Term
| what are examples of bone strengthening actiities that adolescents can do |
|
Definition
| hopping, skipping, jumping, jumping rope, running, sports |
|
|
Term
| describe moderate intensity activity |
|
Definition
| 5-6/10, heart beats faster than normal, breathing harder than normal |
|
|
Term
| describe vigorous intensity activity |
|
Definition
| 7-8/10, heart beats much faster than normal, breathing much harder than normal |
|
|
Term
| what are activity recommendations for adults |
|
Definition
| 2.5 hours moderate-intensity aerobic + muscle strengthening 2 days OR 75 minutes vigorous-intensity aerobic + 2 days muscle strengthening OR equivalent mix of moderate and vigorous intensity aerobic + muscle strengthening |
|
|
Term
| does it count to get 10 minutes of activity at a time |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| for greater health benefits, what are exercise recommendations |
|
Definition
| 5 hours moderate-intensity or 2.5 hours vigorous intensity aerobic activity or equivalent mix/week |
|
|
Term
| what are light activities for adults |
|
Definition
| shopping, cooking, laundry |
|
|
Term
| do light activities count towards activity recommendations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe moderate intensity activity for adults |
|
Definition
| reases heart rate and causes sweating |
|
|
Term
| what are examples of moderate intensity activities for adults |
|
Definition
| fast walking, water aerobics, easy bike ride, push mowing |
|
|
Term
| describe vigorous intensity activiteies ofr adults |
|
Definition
| increased heart rate and respiratory rate |
|
|
Term
| what are examples of vigorous intensity activities for adults |
|
Definition
| jogging/running, swimming laps, hard bike ride, tennis, basketball |
|
|
Term
| how does vigorous intensity relate/compare to moderate intensity |
|
Definition
| 1 minute of vigorous intensity activity is about the same as 2 minutes of moderate intensity actiity |
|
|
Term
| what is the least effort on the borg category rating scale |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is maximum effort on the borg scale |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the borg strength training zone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the borg endurance training zone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the scale of the OMNI picture system of perceived exertion for adults |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| reps/sets for muscle strengthening in adults |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is one of the most important elements for maintaining health and functional independence in older adults |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if an older adult is fit and without limiting health conditions, can they follow general recommendations? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are activity recommendations for older adults |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are some suggestions for activities |
|
Definition
| choose an enjoyable activity. Try different activities. Return to activity soon following illness. Maintain healthy weight. Pay close attention to balance and fall prevention strategies. Exercise is indicated for people with chronic disease. |
|
|
Term
| what are barriers to physical activity |
|
Definition
| time, inconvenience, lack self-motivation, not fun, lack confidence, fear injury, have been injured, lack self-management, lack support, nowhere to exercise |
|
|
Term
| what are physical activity recommendations for pregnant women |
|
Definition
| healthy women should get at least 150 minutes of moderate intensity aerobic activity each week. Women who already do vigorous intensity aerobic activity can continue doing so with communication/planning with healthcare provider |
|
|
Term
| what are risks of moderate-intensity aerobic activity during pregnancy |
|
Definition
| low. Avoid activities that include supine lying, risk of fall, or risk of abdominal injury |
|
|
Term
| how to incorporate activity into the lives of people with disabilities |
|
Definition
| should be as close to guidelines for age as possible. Consult a PT |
|
|
Term
| at what BMI is a child overweight |
|
Definition
| 85-95 percentile for age and sex |
|
|
Term
| at what BMI is a child overweight |
|
Definition
| over 95 percentile for age and sex |
|
|
Term
| at what BMI is an adult overweight |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| at what BMI is an adult obese |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what percentage of NC adults are obese |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what percentage of NC African Americans are obese |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many children in the US are obese |
|
Definition
|
|
