Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Heading Toward the Civil War and Reconstrcution (1845-1877)
Chapter 11
68
History
10th Grade
03/18/2013

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
James Polk
Definition
a Democratic expansionist who became president in 1844
Term
Henry Clay
Definition
the Whig leader
Term
Whigs
Definition
the party formed in opposition to Jackson's policies
Term
"54°40' or Fight"
Definition
Polk's slogan, claiming that America's northern border should be extended to 54°40'; he did not, however, go to war over this issue as he implied
Term
Oregon Treaty
Definition
(1846) allowed the US to peacefully acquire Oregon, Washington, and parts of other states; Polk knew that the US could not fight two wars at once
Term
Mexican-American War
Definition
the war between America and Mexico after America annexed Texas, which Mexico refused to recognize as indepedent
Term
Slave Power
Definition
the abolitionist term by to describe rich Southerners who were "pulling the strings" in the government
Term
Wilmot Proviso
Definition
a bill proposing the prohibition of slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico
Term
Free-Soil Party
Definition
a regional party devoted to the goals of the Wilmot Proviso
Term
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Definition
(1848) Mexico handed a huge portion of the modern Southwest (the Mexican Cession) in return for $15 million
Term
popular sovereignty
Definition
slavery would be decided in a territory/state by a popular vote among the people living there
Term
Conscience Whigs
Definition
anti-slavery Whigs who sometimes joined the Free-Soil Party
Term
Cotton Whigs
Definition
pro-slavery Whigs
Term
Zachary Taylor
Definition
a military hero who won the election of 1848
Term
Compromise of 1850
Definition
admitted California as a free state; strengthened the fugitive slave law; reinforced popular sovereignty; abolished the slave trade in Washington, DC
Term
Uncle Tom's Cabin
Definition
(1852) a book that was written by Harriet Beecher Stowe; depicted a horrific plantation life for slaves based on abolitionists' information
Term
Franklin Pierce
Definition
a moderate president (by the standards of both the North and South) who was elected in 1852
Term
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Definition
(1854) both Kansas and Nebraska were subject to popular sovereignty to decide the slavery issue; effectively ignored the Missouri Compromise
Term
personal liberty laws
Definition
laws passed by many northern states to weaken the Fugitive Slave Act; required a trial by jury for all alleged fugitives and guaranteed them the right to a lawyer
Term
Republican Party
Definition
a new political party formed from Northern Democrats and Free-Soilers
Term
American (Know-Nothing) Party
Definition
a party that united to oppose foreigners; spread anti-Irish, anti-German, and anti-Catholic propaganda
Term
Border Ruffians
Definition
thousands of proslavery Missourians who relocated to Kansas to skew the popular vote deciding the issue of slavery
Term
John Brown
Definition
a radical abolitionist who killed five members of a proslavery camp; incited mass violence
Term
Bleeding Kansas
Definition
Kansas's name during the fighting between proslavery and antislavery forces
Term
Andrew Butler
Definition
a senator known for brutalizing Senator Charles Sumner with a cane after Sumner spoke out against the Kansas conflict
Term
James Buchanan
Definition
the Democratic president who was elected in 1856; considered one of the worst presidents due to his inactivity
Term
Dred Scott v. Sandford
Definition
(1857) under Chief Justice Roger Taney, the Supreme Court decided that slaves were property and no black person could ever be a citizen of the United States; argued that they could no sue and Congress could not regulate slavery
Term
Lincoln-Douglas debates
Definition
debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas for the Illinois Senate seat
Term
Freeport Doctrine
Definition
Douglas's attempt to defend popular sovereignty; destroyed his political career
Term
Harper's Ferry raid
Definition
a raid organized by John Brown in 1859; Brown tried to spark a slave revolt but failed; news spread that Brown had been backed by abolitionists
Term
Abraham Lincoln
Definition
a Republican president elected in 1860; hated by the proslavery population; after his election, southern states started to secede
Term
Confederate States of America
Definition
the nation formed by the seceded Southern states
Term
Jefferson Davis
Definition
the president of the Confederate States of America
Term
Fort Sumter
Definition
the site of the first battle of the Civil War (April 12, 1861); the Confederates attacked the fort to start the war
Term
Border States
Definition
Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware; slave states that fought for the Union; critical to the war
Term
conscription
Definition
a military draft; the Confederacy instituted one in 1862
Term
war profiteering
Definition
overcharging the government for necessary services and products
Term
shoddy
Definition
worthless food and clothing sold to the government
Term
national currency
Definition
Lincoln started printing a national currency during the war
Term
Radical Republicans
Definition
wanted immediate emancipation during the war
Term
confiscation acts
Definition
acts that proposed seizing all slaves in the Confederacy
Term
Emancipation Proclamation
Definition
Lincoln's Proclamation stating that (1862) all slaves in states "in rebellion" were free; did not liberate slaves in border states
Term
Thirteenth Amendment
Definition
(1865) an amendment that prohibited slavery
Term
Hampton Roads Conference
Definition
an attempt to negotiate a settlement with leaders of defeated Southern states to have those states rejoin the Union
Term
Copperheads
Definition
accused Lincoln of trying to destroy the South
Term
Freedman's Bureau
Definition
(1865) an organization to help newly freed blacks establish a place in society
Term
Sherman's March
Definition
a military move where the Union Army destroyed everything in their path to forcibly end the war
Term
Ten Percent Plan
Definition
Lincoln's plan of Reconstruction; required that 10% of voters swear allegiance to the Union; then, states would be allowed to reorganize their government
Term
Wade-Davis Bill
Definition
(1864) required former Confederate states to be ruled by a military government; required 50% of the electorate to swear an oath of allegiance to the US
Term
Andrew Johnson
Definition
Lincoln's vice president who assumed the presidency after Lincoln's assassination; a Southern Democrat who disliked the Southern aristocracy
Term
Johnson's Reconstruction Plan
Definition
called for the creation of provisional military governments to run the former Confederacy; required all Southern citizens to swear a loyalty oath before receiving amnesty; barred many Southern elite from that oath
Term
black codes
Definition
Southern laws that limited freedmen's rights
Term
Congressional Reconstruction
Definition
a plan implemented by Radical Republicans, defying Johnson (who claimed Reconstruction was finished)
Term
Fourteenth Amendment
Definition
(1868) prohibited states from depriving any citizen of "equal protection under the law" as well as other measures to ensure equality
Term
"Swing Around the Circle"
Definition
a public speaking tour in which Johnson attempted and failed to campaign against the Fourteenth Amendment
Term
Military Reconstruction Act of 1867
Definition
called for new state constitutional conventions and forced the states to allow blacks to vote for convention delegates
Term
Johnson's impeachment
Definition
Johnson was impeached for trying to counteract the Congressional plan; specifically for violating the Tenure of Office Act
Term
Ulysses S Grant
Definition
elected in 1868; a Civil War Hero; cooperated more closely with Congress in Reconstruction
Term
Fifteenth Amendment
Definition
(1869) required states to enfranchise black men
Term
scalawags
Definition
Southerners who cooperated with the Reconstruction
Term
carpetbaggers
Definition
Northerners who ran the Reconstruction programs
Term
Credit Mobilier scandal
Definition
the Credit Mobilier was a fraudulent construction company that padded federal contracts and took the profits of the Union Pacific Railroad; involved several leading Republicans
Term
Whiskey Ring scandal
Definition
the Whiskey Ring was a group of distillers who bribed federal officials and tax collectors to avoid paying taxes on their products; the president's private secretary was involved in the Ring
Term
Ku Klux Klan
Definition
a Southern white terror group
Term
Slaughter-House cases
Definition
(1873) the Supreme Court ruled that the 14th Amendment applied only to the federal government and not to state governments
Term
United States v. Reese
Definition
(1876) the Court allowed "grandfather clauses" and other roundabout ways to restrict black suffrage
Term
Liberal Republicans
Definition
less extreme Republicans who opposed the Radicals
Term
Compromise of 1877
Definition
Rutherford B Hayes won the presidential election, but on the grounds that he would end military reconstruction and pull federal troops out of South Carolina, forcibly ending reconstruction
Supporting users have an ad free experience!