Term
|
Definition
passes medial to facial nerve
runs upward and bends forward
runs between pons and clivus then through Dorello's canal
at tip of petrous part makes a sharp turn forward
enters cavernous sinus and passes through just lateral to ICA
enters orbit through superior orbital fissure
motor to lateral rectus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
passes through jugular foramen and descends on deep surface of SCM
crosses posterior triangle from posterior SCM to deep surface of trapezius
motor innervation to SCM and trapezius |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
enters internal auditory meatus and at the lateral end of this, expands as geniculate ganlgion
gives rise to greater petrosal nerve
continues within facial canal along medial wall of tympanic cavity
passes posterior in posterior wall of tympanic cavity
gives rise to stapedial nerve and chorda tympani nerves
emerges from skull via stylomastoid foramen
provides branches to occipitalis, posterior digastric, stylohyoid
enters substance of parotid gland
gives rise to temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular and cervical branches |
|
|
Term
| Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) |
|
Definition
enters oropharynx by passing with stylopharygeus muscle into interior or pharyngeal wall (btwn superior and middle constrictors)
motor to stylopharyngeus
gives off pharyngeal branches to pharyngeal plexus
sensory to posterior 1/3rd of tongue and tonsillar region
taste to posterior 1/3rd of tongue |
|
|
Term
| Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII) |
|
Definition
passes through hypoglossal canal and descends in neck
emerges along lower border of posterior digastric belly and is hooked by SCM branch of occipital artery [gives off C1 fibers that were hitchhiking]
continues medially deep to posterior digastric and stylohyoid to enter floor of oral cavity
travels deep to mylohyoid and superficial to hyoglossus
motor innervation to intrinsic and extrinsic mm of tongue (except palatoglossus) |
|
|
Term
| Oculomotor nerve (CN III) |
|
Definition
passes lateral to posterior clinoid process
cross the superolateral wall of/through the cavernous sinus
enters orbit via superior orbital fissure
divides into superior and inferior divisions
motor to superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique and levator palpebrae superioris |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
respresents a collection of multiple neurofiliaments that supply the oflactory epithelium
processes pass through cribiform plate into olfactory bulb
mediate sense of smell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tract of brain covered by meninges
conveys special sensory fiber for vision from the retina
emerges from posterior aspect of eyeball and exits orbit via optic canal
central artery and vein course within it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
emerges from brain stem as separate sensory and muscle roots
forms sensory ganglion in Meckel's cave
gives frise to ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular nerves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
decussates (cross to other side before innervating target)
emerges from posterior brainstem
runs forward toward eye
passes between posterior cerebral artery and superior cerebellar artery
pierces dura just under tentorium cerebelli
runs on lateral wall of cavernous sinus
enters orbit through superior orbital fissure
motor to superior oblique |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
passes through jugular foramen and descend within the carotid sheath
gives rise to pharyngeal branches, superior laryngeal nerve, external laryngeal nerve, and recurrent laryngeal nerve |
|
|
Term
| Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) |
|
Definition
exits skull via IAM
distributed to sensory cell (hair cells) of inner ear
consists of cochlear nerve and vestibular nerve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nerve of pterygoid canal
formed by union of greater petrosal nerve and deep petrosal nerve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
C1-C3 fibers, motor branch from cervical plexus
made of two roots (superior and inferior)
motor to omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid |
|
|
Term
| anterior and middle superior alveolar nerves |
|
Definition
branches of infraorbital nerve within infraorbital canal
sensory to maxillary sinus and premolar, canine, and incisor teeth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch of nasociliary nerve
passes through anteiror ethmoidal foramen
sensory to anterior and middle ethmoidal air cells
enters nasal cavity and divides into internal and external nasal branches |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch of CN V3
arises as pair of roots that surround the meningeal artery
courses laterally deep to lateral pterygoid muscles
emerges behind neck of mandible
postganglionic PS fibers leave this nerve to supply parotid gland
sensory to TMJ capsule, auricle, external acoustic meatus and lateral scalp |
|
|
Term
| brachial plexus roots and trunks |
|
Definition
C5-C8, T1
emerge at interscalene triangle between anterior and middle scalene muscle
runs with subclavian artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branches within parotid gland
courses forward in association with parotid duct toward corner of mouth
supplies orbicularis oris, buccinator, zygomaticus major, levator labii superioris and levator anguli oris |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch of CN V3
emerges between two heads of lateral pterygoid
sensory of skin and mucous membrane of cheek
motor to buccinator |
|
|
Term
| cervical branch of CN VII |
|
Definition
branches within parotid gland
descends behind the angle of mandible into neck
supplies that platysma |
|
|
Term
| cervical sympathetic trunk |
|
Definition
located in anterolateral neck, posterior to carotid sheath
contains superior cervical, middle cervical, and inferior cervical ganglia
preganglionic cell bodies are in T1-T3 lateral horns |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch of CN VII from within the posterior wall of tympanic cavity
enters posterior aspect of tympanic cavity and courses anteriorly between malleus and inucs
exits tympanic cavity anteriorly via petrotympanic fissure
enters infratemporal fossa and unites with lingual nerve
provides taste to anterior 2/3rd of tongue
PS pregang to submandibular ganglion and distributed to submandibular and sublingual glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cell bodies lie in spiral ganglion in cochlear duct
caries signals from cochlea of inner ear to brain
provide connection between hair cells and brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch of superior laryngeal nerve
part of it courses with superior thyroid artery
motor supply to cricothyroid muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch of CN V1
courses forward in orbit between periorbitae and levator palpebrae superioris
divides into supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
C2, C3 fibers branch from Erb's point
ascends toward lobule of ear and angle of mandible
runs with external jugular vein
supplies skin of ear and over angle of mandible |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch of CN V2
passes downward through greater palatine canal
gives rise to posterior inferior lateral nasal nerves
emerges from hard palate through greater palatine foramen
courses forward
sensory to mucoperiosteum of most of hard palate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch of CN VII at the geniculate ganglion
contains preganglion PS fibers
emerges in MCF through hiatus for GPN
courses forward and descends obliquely through foramen lacerum whilst joining with DPN
unites with DPN (to form Vidian's nerve) and passes through pterygoid canal
emerges in pterygopalatine fossa at the pterygopalatine ganglion
PS fibers synapse and are distributed to with branches of CN V2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch of CN V3, emerges between lateral pterygoid and medial pterygoid mm. and descends posterior to lingual nerve
gives rise to n. to mylohyoid
enters mandibular foramen
gives rise to branches to roots of mandibular teeth and gums and mental nerve
sensory to lower teeth |
|
|
Term
| inferior cervical ganglion |
|
Definition
located anterior to transverse process of C7
conveys postgang fibers to C7 and C8 spinal nerves and form plexus around vertebral artery |
|
|
Term
| inferior division of CN III |
|
Definition
| motor to inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique |
|
|
Term
| inferior root of ansa cervicalis |
|
Definition
C2,C3 fibers
lateral surface of IJV before unites with superior root |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch of CN V2
enters floor of orbit through inferior orbital fissure
gives rise to anterior and middle superior alveolar nerves
emerges onto face through infraorbital foramen
sensory to sking of lower eyelid, lateral nose and mucous membrane and skin of upper lip |
|
|
Term
| internal and external nasal branches |
|
Definition
branches of anterior ethmoidal nerve
supply anterior portion of lateral nasal wall and nasal septum and skin to tip of nose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch of superior laryngeal nerve
passes through thyrohyoid membrane with superior laryngeal artery
general sensory to mucosa of larynx above vocal cords
general sensory and taste to rote of tongue and epiglottic area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch of CN V1
courses forward along lateral wall of orbit above lateral rectus
recives communicating branch of postgang PS fibers from zygomatic nerve to distribute to lacrimal gland
sensory to skin of upper eyelid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
C2 branch from Erb's point
ascends along posterior border of SCM
supplies sking behind ear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch of CN V2
passes downward through greater palatine canal
emerges from hard palate through lesser palatine foramen
courses posteriorly
sensory to soft palate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch of CN V3, emerges between lateral pterygoid and medial pterygoid mm.
descends anteiror to IAN
receives chorda tympani within infratemporal fossa (preganglionic PS and taste fibers for ant. 2/3rd)
enters oral cavity medial to 3rd molar tooth
enters tongue
spirals around the submandibular duct enroute to the tongue (SLIM)
general sensation to anterior 2/3rds of tongue and mucous membrane of oral cavity floor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch of nasociliary nerve
enter eye near optic nerve
sensory to eye (including cornea)
also caries postgang symp fibers to dilator pupillae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mixed nerve
enters infratemporal fossa via foramen ovale
gives rise to buccal, inferior alveolar, lingual, and auriculotemporal nerves
motor to mm. of mastication, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatine, anterior digastric and mylohyoid
sensory to anterior 2/3 to tongue, floor of oral cavity, lower teeth, membrand and skin of cheek, lower lip and chin, TMJ, upper portion of auricle and skin of lateral scalp |
|
|
Term
| marginal mandibular branch of CN VII |
|
Definition
branches within parotid gland
follows the body of mandible to lower lip and chin
supplies orbicularis oris, depressor anguli oris, depressor labii inferioris and mentalis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sensory nerve that supplies nasal cavity, palate, and midface
gives rise to infraorbital, posterior superior alveolar, zygomatic, posterior superior lateral nasal, nasopalatine, greater palatine and lesser palatine nerves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch (terminal) of inferior alveolar nerve
passes through mental foramen
sensory to lower lip and chin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
small of three cervical symp ganglia
located anterior to transverse process of C6
conveys postganglionic fibers to C5 and C6 spinal nerves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch of CN V1
crosses orbit from lateral to medial above optic nerve to medial wall
passes between superior oblique and medial rectus
gives rise to long ciliary, posterior ethmoidal, anterior ethmoidal, infratrochlear and sensory root to ciliary ganglion
sensory nerve to eye and cornea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch of CN V2
enters nasal cavity through sphenopalatine foramen
descends obliquely downward on nasal septum
sensory to mucosal lining of nasal septum
passes through incisive foramen
sensory to mucoperiosteum of hard palate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch of IAN before mandibular foramen
descend within groove (inferior to muscle and line)
motor to mylohyoid and anterior digastric |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
divides into three branches as it passes through superior orbital fissure into orbit
frontal, lacrimal and nasociliary nerves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
PS ganglion
contains cell bodies of postgang PS neurons
axons "hitch-hike" with auriculotemporal to reach parotid gland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch from CN X
contribute to pharyngeal plexus
motor to pharyngeal mm. (except) stylopharyngeus), and soft palate (except TVP) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lies within buccopharyngeal fascia on middle pharyngeal constrictor
formed by pharyngeal branches of CN X and pharyngeal branches of glossopharygeal nerve
motor to pharyngeal muscles (except stylopharyngeus)
sensory above vocal cords |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
C3, 4, 5 fibers
descends in neck by obliquely crossing (lateral to medial) the anterior surface of anterior scalene
crossed superficially by transverse cervical and suprascapular arteries
descends in thorax |
|
|
Term
| posterior ethmoidal nerve |
|
Definition
branch of nasociliary nerve
passes through posterior ethmoidal foramen
sensory to sphenoid sinus and posterior ethmoidal air cells |
|
|
Term
| posterior inferior lateral nasal nerves |
|
Definition
branches of greater palatine nerve while in the greater palatine canal
sensory to posteroinferior part of lateral nasal wall |
|
|
Term
| posterior superior alveolar nerve |
|
Definition
branch of CN V2
passes laterally through pterygomaxillary fissure into infratermporal fossa
enters posterior superior alveolar foramina
sensory to maxillary sinus and molar teeth |
|
|
Term
| posterior superior lateral nasal nerves |
|
Definition
branches of CN V2
enter nasal cavity through sphenopaltine foramen (post. to middle concha)
sensory to mucosal lining of posterosuperior part of lateral nasal wall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
PS ganglion
suspended from maxillary nerve by short branches
receives pregang PS from vidian nerve (GPN)
receives postgang symp from vidian (DPN)
PS and symp fibers travel with branches of CN V2 to lacrimal gland and mucosal glands in nasal cavity and palate |
|
|
Term
| recurrent larygneal nerve |
|
Definition
branch of CN X
right curves around subclavian artery
left curves around ligament arteriosum
then enters larynx posterior to cricothyroid joint
general sensorgy to larynx below vocal cords
motor to laryngeal muscles (except cricothyroid) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch of CN VII from within the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity
motor to stapedius muscle |
|
|
Term
| superior cervical ganglion |
|
Definition
located anterior to transverse processes of C1-C2 and posterior to carotid sheath
PS and sympathetic fibers pass through to reach head and neck targets
consists of postganglionic sympathetic neuron bodies |
|
|
Term
| superior division of CN III |
|
Definition
| motor to superior rectus and levator palpebrae superioris |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch of CN X
descends along lateral surface of pharynx
gives rise to internal laryngeal and external laryngeal nerves |
|
|
Term
| superior root of ansa cervicalis |
|
Definition
C1 fibers
course along and break off from hypoglossal nerve
gives rise to separate branches that supply motor to thyrohyoid and geniohyoid
descends in carotid sheath between IJf and ICA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
C3, C4 fibers branch from Erb's point
several branches that descend across the clavicle
supply skin on the base of neck to point of shoulder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
terminal branch of frontal nerve in orbit
exits orbit through supraorbital notch
supplies skin of upper eyelid, forehead and scalp |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
smaller terminal branch of frontal nerve in orbit
supplies skin of upper eyelid, forehead, and scalp |
|
|
Term
| temporal branch of CN VII |
|
Definition
branches within parotid gland
ascends superficial to zygomatic arch
supplies frontalis and orbicularis oculi |
|
|
Term
| transverse cervical nerve |
|
Definition
C2, C3 fiber branch from Erb's point
crosses transversly over the SCM
supplies skin of anterior triangle of neck |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
semilunar or gasserian ganglion
located in Meckel's cave (depression on apex of petrous ridge)
consists of sensory cell bodies of CN V |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch of CN VIII
arises from vestibular ganglion in upper distal part of IAM
transforms balance information into egocentric frame of reference based on position of head in relation to body
receives information from semicircular canals |
|
|
Term
| zygomatic branch of CN VII |
|
Definition
branches within parotid gland
courses toward prominence of cheek
supplies orbicularis oculi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch of CN V2
enters floor of robit through inferior orbital fissure
along lateral wall divides into zygomaticofacial and zygomaticotemporal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch of zygomatic nerve
sensory to prominence of cheek |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branch of zygomatic nerve
sensory to temple area
postgang PS from pterygoalatine ganglion leave zygomaticotemporal to lacrimal nerve for lacrimal gland |
|
|
