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Head and Neck Block
Embryo
34
Anatomy
12th Grade
09/29/2012

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Cards

Term
Kallmann's syndrome
Definition
Lack of smell (anosmia) and hypogonadism resulting from failure of olfactory nerve and GnRH neurons to migrate to hypothalamus.
Term
Craniopharyngioma
Definition
Tumor due to malignant transformation of ectopic cells left behind by Rathke's pouch (gives rise to ant. pituitary). Contains deposits of calcium which can show in x-rays.
Term
The parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland come from what?
Definition
The ultimobranchial organ from the 4th pouch.
Term
Develops into inner ear structures?
Definition
Otic placode ectoderm
Term
What gene has a mutation with aniridia?
Definition
PAX-6 (no iris)
Term
What is choana atresia?
Definition
The choana (passage between nasal and mouth) gets blocked off.
Term
What separates in detached retina?
Definition
Neural retina from pigment epithelium.
Term
What in eye comes from neural tube?
Definition
Nerve, retina (both pigment layer and neural layer), ciliary epithelium and processes, pupil muscles, post. layer of the iris
Term
What in eye comes from mesoderm?
Definition
Sclera, choroid, ciliary muscles, outer part (stroma) of iris, most of the cornea, and the vitreous body.
Term
What in eye comes from ectoderm?
Definition
The lens (from lens placode), and a thin layer over the cornea
Term
Where does the optic nerve/vesicle develop from?
Definition
Diencephalon.
Term
What is and causes coloboma?
Definition
It is when a missing piece of iris gives keyhole appearance to the pupil. It's caused by the choroid fissure not closing properly.
Term
Rubella is associated with what defects?
Definition
Glaucoma, cataracts, deafness, and cardiac anomalies.
Term
What is anophthalmia?
Definition
Defect where eye is missing. Can be from Shh errors (midline).
Term
What is the sinus venosus sclerae and what happens if it is malfunctioning?
Definition
It's also called the canal of Schlemm. It drains the eye. When defective, glaucoma results.
Term
What is retrolental fibroplasia and what are two things it's been linked to?
Definition
Type of retinopathy caused by overgrowth of blood vessels causing detached retina and blindness in premature infants. Linked to premature birth and high oxygen levels in incubators.
Term
What does the otic placode(pit) give rise to?
Definition
The otic vesicle and then the hearing and balancing structures of the ear.
Term
What arches do the ear bones come from?
Definition
Incus and malleus - 1st arch
Stapes - 2nd arch
Term
Cretinism
Definition
Stunted mental and physical grown due to insufficient thyroid hormone, usually in the mother and caused by iodine deficiency. Appearance is similar to that of down syndrome.
Term
What do the pharyngeal pouches give rise to?
Definition
1st - middle ear
2nd - palatine tonsils
3rd - thymus and inf. parathyroid glands
4th - sup. parathyroid glands and ultimobranchial body
Term
Lingual thyroid is caused by what?
Definition
Failure of thyroid to migrate from the foramen cecum.
Term
Thyroglossal cyst/fistula is what?
Definition
Persistance of the duct for thyroid formation in the midline. Often becomes swollen later in life.
Term
DeGeorge?
Definition
Caused by a small deletion on chromosome 22. Results in 3rd and 4th pouch defects. Presents with lack of thymus, parathyroid hypoplasia, and hypocalcemia.
Term
Brownish pigmenting of tooth can be from?
Definition
Florosis, or also tetracycline (antibiotic) or bilirubinemia during pregnancy.
Term
Teeth have grooves in them?
Definition
Syphilis
Term
Spina bifida is caused by? Prevented by?
Definition
The posterior neuropore doesn't close. Folate.
Term
Anencephaly is caused by?
Definition
The anterior neuropore not closing.
Term
High alpha-fetal protein is associated with what?
Definition
Neural tube defects.
Term
Extra hillocks will give you what?
Definition
Extra ear parts.
Term
Microtia and anotia.
Definition
Small and missing ear.
Term
Where is the spinal cord at birth?
Definition
L3
Term
Cleft lip is more common when?
Definition
Trisomy 13, male, asian, mother is on anticonvulsants
Term
Treacher Collins syndrome
Definition
Missing/small cheek bones, cleft palate, droopy and big eyes, wide mouth, small/missing ears, small jaw.
Term
Arnold–Chiari malformation
Definition
The cerebellar tonsils are displaced posteriorly through the foramen magnum causing non-communicating hydrocephalus.
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