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Head and Neck
Major muscles, vasculature, nerves, glands, and ducts
86
Anatomy
Graduate
06/22/2010

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Term
Temporalis
Definition
elevates mandible. Innervated by V3.
Term
Masseter
Definition
elevates and retracts mandible. V3
Term
Mylohyoid
Definition
elevates hyoid bone in swallowing. V3 via inferior alveolar nerve .
Term
Geniohyoid
Definition
elevate hyoid, depress mandible. C1 and 12 via ansa cervacalis
Term
Genioglossus
Definition
fans out tongue, makes up bulk of it. CN 12
Term
Hyoglossus
Definition
draws side of tongue down. CN12
Term
Anterior belly of digastric
Definition
elevates hyoid. Innervated by inferior alveolar (v3).
Term
Posterior belly of digastrics
Definition
arises from mastoid notch. Supplied by facial nerve.
Term
Palatoglossus
Definition
CN 11. Depresses soft palate, raises side of tongue.
Term
Anterior scalene
Definition
rotates neck to same side. Innervated by c5 and c6 of cervical plexus
Term
Medial scalene
Definition
rotates neck to same side. Innervated by cervical plexus
Term
Posterior scalene
Definition
rotates to opposite side. Innervated by cervical plexus
Term
Sternohyoid
Definition
innervated by ansa cervicalis. Depresses hyoid.
Term
Omohyoid
Definition
innervated by ansa cervicalis. Depresses larynx and hyoid bone.
Term
Thyrohyoid
Definition
innervated by hypoglossal. Elevates thyroid, depresses hyoid
Term
Medial Pterygoid
Definition
v3. Elevates mandible and closes jaw. Blood from maxillary.
Term
Lateral Pterygoid
Definition
only muscle that opens mouth. Depresses and protrudes. V3. Blood from maxillary.
Term
Maxillary artery
Definition
branch from external carotid, comes out just behind mandible. Supplies middle meningeal. Pterygoid branches supply pterygoid muscles. Also goes to sphenopalatine.
Term
Facial artery
Definition
branch of external carotid. Supplies superior and inferior labial. Supplies most muscles of the face.
Term
Superior labial artery
Definition
supplied by facial artery
Term
Septal branch
Definition
comes from sphenopalatine artery, which comes from maxillary artery
Term
Superficial temporal artery
Definition
branch from external carotid.
Term
Superior thyroid artery
Definition
branch of external carotid. Provides blood to hyoid, sternocleidomastoid
Term
External carotid
Definition
branches into maxillary and superficial temporal.
Term
Internal carotid
Definition
provides ophthalmic artery, some arteries in circle of willis
Term
Subclavicular artery
Definition
branches into common carotid, also vertebral arteries
Term
Lingual artery
Definition
branch of external carotid.
Term
Vertebral artery
Definition
branches from subclavian arteries on neck
Term
Thyrocervical trunk
Definition
branch of subclavian
Term
Facial vein
Definition
dumps into internal jugular.
Term
Subclavicular vein
Definition
runs next to artery
Term
Internal jugular vein
Definition
enclosed within carotid sheath. On inside of SCM. Receives blood from dural sinuses (particularly cavernous).
Term
External jugular vein
Definition
on outside of SCM.
Term
Retromandibular
Definition
contained within parotid gland. Empties into external jugular. Receives blood from maxillary vein
Term
Lingual nerve
Definition
v3. General sensation ant 2/3 of tongue.
Term
Inferior alveolar nerve
Definition
V3. Supplies mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric.
Term
Chorda tympany
Definition
provides taste to ant. 2/3 of tongue. CN7. hitches ride with lingual.
Term
Ansa cervicalis
Definition
part of cervical plexus. Innervates sternohyoid, sternothyroid, and omohyoid
Term
Phrenic nerve
Definition
runs across anterior scalene. Innervates diaphragm.
Term
Brachial plexus
Definition
runs next to subclavian.
Term
Vagus nerve
Definition
innervates constrictors, gag reflex. Inbetween common carotid and internal jugular.
Term
Sympathetic ganglion
Definition
located along neck
Term
Laryngeal nerve
Definition
branch of vagus. Innervates all muscles of larynx EXCEPT cricothyroid.
Term
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Definition
general sensation poster 1/3 of tongue. Taste posterior 1/3 of tongue. Also sends presynaptic fibers to parotid (??)
Term
Hypoglossal nerve
Definition
located at bifurcation of carotid artery. All motor innervations to tongue EXCEPT for raising sides of tongue (palatoglossus)
Term
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Definition
branch of the vagus, provides motor and sensation to larynx. The left laryngeal nerve branches from the vagus nerve to loop under and around the arch of the aorta (ligamentum arteriosum) before ascending, whereas the right branch loops around the right subclavian artery. If damaged in surgery, patient will have hoarse voice. If both sides are damaged, serious damage will be inability to speak and breathing difficulties.
Term
Spinal accessory nerve
Definition
has two branches, cranial and spinal. Innervates sternocleidomastoid and trapezius. Exits skull via jugular foramen with CNs 9 and 10. Possible to be injured in “knife and gun club,” to test you ask patient to abduct army fully.
Term
Submandibular gland
Definition
located beneath floor of mouth, close to midline under the tongue. Supplied by facial artery and innervated by submandibular ganglion.
Term
Sublingual gland
Definition
lies along midline under tongue. Provided blood by lingual artery (branch of external carotid). Innervated by submandibular ganglion.
Term
Parotid gland
Definition
blood from facial artery (which is branch of superficial temporal). Postsynaptic Secretomotor innervation by V3. Presynapatic by glossopharyngeal. (??)
Term
Parotid duct
Definition
enters by 2nd molar
Term
Thoracic duct
Definition
largest lymphatic vessel in body. It extends vertically in the chest and curves posteriorly to the left carotid artery and left internal jugular vein at the C7 vertebral level to empty into the junction of the left subclavian vein and left jugular vein, below the clavicle, near the shoulders.
Term
Anterior arch (mouth)
Definition
innervated by cranial nerve 10. Aka palatoglossal arch.
Term
Posterior arch (mouth)
Definition
palatopharyngeal
Term
Palatine fossa
Definition
where tonsil sits
Term
Carotid sheath
Definition
contains common carotid, internal jugular, and vagus nerve
Term
Temporo-mandibular joint
Definition
disc is on condylar head. Mastication.
Term
Supraorbital notch (foramen)
Definition
Supraorbital nerve (CN V1)
Term
Infraorbital foramen
Definition
Infraorbital nerve (CN V2)
Term
Mental foramen
Definition
Mental nerve (CN V3)
Term
Sphenopalatine foramen
Definition
Sphenopalatine artery
Term
Foramen magnum
Definition
Vertebral arteries, medulla oblongata, meninges, *spinal roots of accessory nerves (*these nerves enter skull here but exit via jugular foramen)
Term
Foramen spinosum
Definition
Middle meningeal artery and meningeal branch of CN V3
Term
Carotid canal
Definition
Internal carotid artery and nerve plexus
Term
Stylomastoid foramen
Definition
CN VII
Term
Incisive Foramen
Definition
Nasociliary nerve
Term
Foramen lacerum
Definition
NOTHING!
Term
Foramen ovale
Definition
CN V3
Term
Foramen rotundum
Definition
CN V2
Term
Foramina of cribiform plate
Definition
CN I
Term
Optic Canal
Definition
CN II, Ophthalmic artery
Term
Superior Orbital fissure
Definition
CN III, CN IV, CN VI, CN V1, superior ophthalmic vein
Term
Internal acoustic meatus
Definition
CN VII, CN VIII
Term
Jugular foramen
Definition
CN IX, CN X, CN XI, inferior petrosal sinus, sigmoid sinus
Term
Hypoglossal canal
Definition
CN XII
Term
Mandibular foramen
Definition
Inferior alveolar artery and nerve
Term
anterior cerebral
Definition
internal carotid
Term
medial cerebral
Definition
internal carotid
Term
Cavernous sinus
Definition
drains into retromandibular and eventually internal jugular
Term
Longitudinal fissure
Definition
divided by falx cerebri, anterior communicating artery runs here
Term
lateral fissures
Definition
separates frontal and parietal from temporal
Term
central sulcus
Definition
separates frontal and parietal lobes
Term
parietooccipital
Definition
medial surface of each hemisphere separating parital and occipital lobes
Term
anterior commissure
Definition
connect two temporal lobes
Term
diencephalon
Definition
thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus (pineal gland and posterior commissure)
Term
cerebral peduncles
Definition
occupy anterolateral and lateral surfaces of midbrain
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