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Head and Neck
Anatomy Lecture Final
56
Anatomy
Graduate
07/18/2009

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Cards

Term
What are the unpaired m. of the face?
Definition
Mandible and vomer
Term
What are the paired bones of the face?
Definition
Maxilla, zygomatic, lacrimal, nasal, pallatine, and inferior nasal concha
Term
What forms the zygomatic arch?
Definition
The zygomatic process of the temporal bone and temporal process of the zygomatic bone
Term
What is the part of the mandible that contains the teeth?
Definition
Alveolar part
Term
What is the function and innervation of the sphincter m. of the face?
Definition
Open and close facial orifices, innervated by branches of the facial n. (VII)
Term
What are the sphincter m. of the face?
Definition

Orbital - orbicularis oculi, corrugator supercilli

Nasal - nasalis, procerus, depressor septi nasi

Oral - orbicularis oris

Term
What are the 2 parts of the orbicularis oculi m. and their functions?
Definition

Palpebral - eyelids, closes the eye gently

Orbital - broad ring encircling the eye, squints the eye

Term
Which m. causes frown lines?
Definition
corrugator supercilli
Term
What are the parts of the nasalis m.?
Definition

Transverse part - depressor, compresses the lateral  nasal cartilages

Alar part - dilator, draws the alar cartilages downwards and opens the nares

Term
What does the depressor septi nasi do?
Definition
Assists in widening the nares
Term
What are the dilator m. of the mouth?
Definition
Zygomaticus major and minor, levator anguli oris, risorius, depressor anguli oris, depressor labii inferioris, and levator anguli superioris alaeque nasi m.
Term
What innervates the dilator m. of the mouth?
Definition
Branches of the facial n.
Term
Where does the facial n. enter and exit the skull?
Definition
Exits throught the stylomastoid foramen and enters through the parotid salivary gland where it merges into branches
Term
What are the branches of the facial n.?
Definition
Temporal, buccal, mandibular, cervical, and zygomatic
Term
What condition affects the facial n. and mimics the symptoms of a stroke?
Definition
Bell's palsy
Term
What are the 3 major a. of the face and what do they originate from?
Definition
Facial, superficial temporal, and maxillary a.  All branches of the external carotid a.
Term
What are the branches of the facial a.?
Definition
Inferior and superior labial a., submental a., and lateral nasal a.
Term
What are the branches of the superficial temporal a.?
Definition
Transverse facial a., frontal a., and parietal a.
Term
What are the branches of the maxillary a.?
Definition

little meningeal a. - enters skull through foramen spinosum

muscular branches - m. of mastication

inferior alveolar a. - mandibular teeth

superior alveolar a. - maxillary teeth

buccal branches

Term
What provides the venous drainage of the face?
Definition
Retromandibular vein
Term
What is V3 of the trigeminal n.?  Where does it enter and exit the skull?
Definition

Mandibular division

Exits - foramen ovale, enters - foramen spinosum

Term
Which CNs have parasympathetic innervation?
Definition
III, VII, IX, and X
Term
What n. supplies the taste buds to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
Definition

Chorda tympani n. from the facial n.

 

 

 

Term
What n. supplies sympathetic innervation to the parotid glands?
Definition
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
Term
What is the space between the lips and cheeks externally and the gums and teeth internally called?
Definition
Vestibule of the mouth
Term
What are the gingiva?
Definition
Gums - connective tissue lined with mucus membrane covering the alveolar margins of the maxilla and mandible
Term
What activities is the tongue involved with?
Definition
Swallowing, mastication, articular speech, whistling, taste, and social activities
Term
What is the function of the intrinsic m. of the tongue?
Definition
Altering the tongue's shape
Term
What is the function of the extrinsic m. of the tongue?
Definition
Altering the tongue's movement
Term
What supplies the motor innervation to the tongue?
Definition
Hypoglossal n. (CN XII), except the palatoglossus which is innervated by the vagus n. (CN X)
Term
Which n. supply the taste innervation to the tongue?
Definition

Anterior 2/3 - facial n. via the chorda tympani

Posterior 1/3 - glossopharyngeal n. (CN IX)

Oral pharynx - vagus (CN X)

 

Term
Which n. supply general sensation innervation to the tongue?
Definition

Anterior 2/3 - lingual n. from V3 of trigeminal n.

Posterior 1/3 - glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

Term
Where do the 2 parts of the tongue lie?
Definition

Anterior 2/3 - oral cavity

Posterior 1/3 - oral pharynx

Term
What provides the blood supply to the tongue?
Definition
2 lingual a. which are branches of the external carotids
Term
What is the venous return from the tongue?
Definition
Lingual v. to facial v. to anterior division of retromandibular v. to internal jugular v. to brachiocephalic v.
Term
What is the smallest set of the 3 sets of salivary glands and where are they located?
Definition
Sublingual glands - beneath the tongue in the floor
Term
What comprises the bony structures of the nose?
Definition
nasal bones, nasal part of the maxilla, and nasal part of the frontal bone
Term
What is the cartilage that surrounds the nares called?
Definition
Alar
Term
What are the 2 portions of the nasal septum?
Definition

superior - perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

inferior - vomer bone

Term
What is the function of the nasal concha?
Definition
Aid in resonance of sound, increased surface area for mucus membranes, and warm, moisten, and filter the air
Term
What are the 2 types of mucus membranes that line the nasal cavities and what is their function?
Definition

olfactory - receive olfactory stimuli

respiratory - warm, moisten, and clean the air passing through and into the nasal pharynx

Term
What provides innervation for olfaction to the nose?
Definition
Olfactory n. (CN I)
Term
What provides general sensation innervation to the nose?
Definition
smal branches from the opthalmic n. (V1) and maxillary n. (V2) of the trigeminal n.
Term
What enters the nasal cavity and deposits tears?
Definition
nasolacrimal duct
Term
Name the paranasal sinuses.
Definition
Maxillary sinus (antrum), frontal sinus, sphenoid sinus, and ethmoidal sinus
Term
What are the functions of the paranasal sinuses?
Definition
Act as resonators for the voice and warm the air. 
Term
What are the parts of the pharynx?
Definition
nasal pharynx, oral pharynx, and laryngeal pharynx
Term
What is the main function of the nasal pharynx and how does it communicate with the nasal cavities?
Definition
respiration, through the choanae (posterior nasal nares)
Term
What is another name for the adenoids and what is their histologic function?
Definition
pharyngeal tonsils, lymphatic tissue
Term
How does the nasal pharynx communicate with the oral pharynx?
Definition
a narrowed pharyngeal isthmus
Term
What part of the pharynx contains the palatine tonsils?
Definition
Oral pharynx
Term
What are the 2 muscle layers of the pharynx?
Definition
outer circular layer and inner longitudinal layer
Term
What are the 3 paired m. of the outer circular layer of the pharynx?
Definition

Superior constrictors - 4 subdivisions, nasal phar.

Middle constrictors - 2 divisions, oral pharynx

Inferior constrictors - 2 divisions, laryngeal phar.

Term
What is the function of the outer circular m. of the pharynx?
Definition
Constrict the pharynx, involved in the swallowing mechanism
Term
What innervated the outer circular layer of m. of the pharynx?
Definition
pharyngeal plexus from CNIX and CNX
Term
What is the function of the inner longitudinal layer of m. of the pharynx?
Definition
Elevate the pharynx
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