Term
| Which three fontanelles are found in the infant skull? Which other suture is unique to the infant skull? |
|
Definition
anterior fontanelle
anteriolateral fontanelle
posterolatearl fontanelle
**metopic (frontal) suture |
|
|
Term
| From which artery does the middle meningeal artery branch |
|
Definition
| from maxillary artery <-- external carotid |
|
|
Term
| Through which foramen does the anterior branch of the middle meningeal artery pass? With which nerve? |
|
Definition
foramen spinosum
with meningeal branch of V3 |
|
|
Term
| What passes through the foramen ovale? |
|
Definition
mandibular nerve (before it splits)
accessory meningeal artery |
|
|
Term
| from where are flat bones derived? |
|
Definition
| neural crest --> become mesenchyme |
|
|
Term
| By which processes are flat and irregular bones of the skull formed? |
|
Definition
flat = intramembranous ossification
irregular = endochondral ossification |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
layer of spongy bone in the skull that is in between the two layers of dense compact bone in the flat bones of the calvaria
function = transmits diploic veins that communicate with the cranial dural sinuses via emissary veins
**contains red marrow early in life |
|
|
Term
| Three layers of the calvaria |
|
Definition
1) external layer (outer table) of compact bone
2) Dipole layer
3) internal layer (inner table) of compact bone |
|
|
Term
| what is craniosynostosis? |
|
Definition
| premature closure of the cranial sutures in life. leads to cranial malformations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sutural bones that occur around the lambdoid suture |
|
|
Term
| common symptoms of epidural hematoma |
|
Definition
limb weakness
dilated pupil (from compression of oculomotor nerve)
deterioration of cardiovascular and respiratory function |
|
|
Term
| contents of superior orbital fissure |
|
Definition
above common tendinous ring:
- lacrimal nerve
- frontal nerve
- trochlear nerve
- superior ophthalmic artery
in common tendinous ring:
- oculomotor nerve (superior and inferior branches)
- nasociliary nerve
- abducent nerve
below CTR:
- inferior ophthalmic vein |
|
|
Term
| passes through jugular foramen |
|
Definition
CN IX, X, and XI
inferior pertrosal and sigmoid sinuses
posterior meningeal artery |
|
|
Term
| passes through incisive foramen |
|
Definition
| nasopalatine nerve (from nasal branches of maxillary nerve, V2) |
|
|
Term
| pass through stylomastoid foramen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
loss of smell
can be caused by trauma to the cribiform plate or chronic exposure to toxins |
|
|
Term
| innervation of levator palpebrae superioris |
|
Definition
| superior branch of CN III |
|
|
Term
symptoms:
- diplopia
- patient tilts head down and away from the affected eye |
|
Definition
trochlear nerve palsy
will tilt head down and to opposite side of affected eye
(right eye affected --> will tilt head down and to the left) |
|
|
Term
| from where are the muscles innervated by the trigeminal nerve are derived? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| from where are the muscles innervated by the facial nerve are derived? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| from where are the muscles innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve are derived? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
symptoms:
- attacks of excruciating pain over the distribution of one or more branches of trigeminal nerve
- lightening-like stabs of pain in face |
|
Definition
tic douloureux
(trigeminal neuralgia) |
|
|
Term
symptoms:
- lateral gaze deficit |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
symptoms:
- loss of sensation to muscle of facial expression
- spontaneous onset over hours or days
- gradual recovery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
skin
connective tissue (dense)
aponeurotic layer
loose connective tissue
pericranium |
|
|
Term
| innervation of anterior scalp |
|
Definition
CN V (all three divisions)
V1 = supratrochlear and supraorbital
V2 = zygomaticotemporal
V3 = auricotemporal |
|
|
Term
| innervation of posterior scalp |
|
Definition
| cervical plexus = dorsal and ventral rami of C2-3 |
|
|
Term
| where do scalp infections usually occur? |
|
Definition
| loose CT layer of the scalp |
|
|
Term
| from where are muscles of facial expression derived? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| innervation of the platysma |
|
Definition
cervical branch of facial nerve (motor)
C2-3 (sensory) |
|
|
Term
| structures that pass through the parotid gland |
|
Definition
facial nerve and its branches
retromandibular vein
external carotid artery (superficial temporal and transverse facial arteries)
lymphatic vessels
auriculotemporal nerve
aur |
|
|
Term
| innervation of parotid gland |
|
Definition
sensory = great auricular and auriculotemporal nerves
vasomotor = sympathetic fivers from external carotid plexus
secretion = parasympathetic fibers from glossopharyngeal nerve (carried in auriculotemporal nerve) |
|
|
Term
| from where is the brain derived? |
|
Definition
| neural tube rostral to the 4th pair of somites |
|
|
Term
| three primary vesicles of the brain |
|
Definition
forebrain = prosencephalon
midbrain = mesencephalon
hindbrain = rhombencephalon |
|
|
Term
| five secondary vesicles of the brain and what parts of the brain does each form? |
|
Definition
prosencephalon:
- telencephalon = cerebral hemispheres, cerebral cortex, basal ganglion, lateral ventricles
- diencephalon = thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal gland, third ventricle
Mesencephalon = midbrain, cerebral aqueduct
Rhombencephalon:
- metencephalon = pons, cerebellum, 4th ventricle
- myelencephalon = medulla oblongata |
|
|
Term
| four sections of the cortex |
|
Definition
precentral gyrus = primary motor
postcentral gyrus = sensory
superior gyrus of temporal lobe = audition (hearing)
occipital lobe = vision |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| crossing and innervation of lateral and anterior (medial) corticospinal tracts |
|
Definition
lateral corticospinal tract = cross in pyramidal decussation, innervate motor neurons in limbs
anterior (medial) corticospinal tract = uncrossed; innervates trunk muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
types of sensation of dorsal columns sensory path
where does it cross? |
|
Definition
discriminative touch, proprioception, and vibratory sense
cross in brainstem |
|
|
Term
types of sensation provided byanteriorlateral (spinothalamic) sensory system
where does it cross? |
|
Definition
crude touch, pain, temperature
crosses in spinal cord |
|
|
Term
| upper motor neuron injury symptoms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lower motor neuron injury |
|
Definition
- ipsilateral paralysis below lesions
- loss of pain and temperature sense on contralateral side below lesion
- loss of discriminative touch, proprioception and vibration on the ipsilateral side |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
small branches in the brain off the internal carotid and other larger branches of the circle of Willis
blockage of these arteries can cause a stroke |
|
|
Term
| common sites for aneurysms |
|
Definition
anterior communicating artery
middle cerebral artery
posterior communicating artery
basilar tip aneurysm
fusiform basilar aneurysm
anterior inferior cerebellar artery
posterior inferior cerebellar artery
vertebral artery |
|
|
Term
symptoms:
- ipsilateral blown pupil
- hemiplegia
- coma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| transtentorial herniation |
|
Definition
| nerniation of hte medial temporal lobe and uncus through the tentoral notch |
|
|
Term
| innervation of the dura mater |
|
Definition
mostly innervated by the trigeminal nerve
except posterior fossae = innervated by C2-3 |
|
|
Term
symptoms:
- trivial fall
- slow and insidious decline of function
**usually older folks
- crescent-shaped bleed on CT |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| halo of blood on a CT scan of head |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
herniation of the cerebellar tonsil through the foramen magnum
**not compatible with life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| downward herniation of the brainstem |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
symptoms:
- diplopia
- painful ophthamoplegia (eye hurts)
- possible trigeminal sensory loss |
|
Definition
cavernous sinus syndrom
- spread of cancer or infection
carotid artery aneurysm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- congenital obstruction of aqueduct of sylvius
- tumors that can block aqueduct
- tumors of choroid plexus (make too much) |
|
|
Term
layers of the eyelid
(anterior to posterior) |
|
Definition
skin
subcutaneous tissue
voluntary muscle
orbital septum
tarsus (plates of dense CT)
conjuctiva (thin membrane) |
|
|
Term
| which layer of the eyelid separates the skin from the voluntary muscle? Why is this layer clinically important? |
|
Definition
subcutaneous tissue
made of loosely arranged CT = fluid and blood can build up in this layer when there is an eye injury |
|
|
Term
| which ligaments anchor the palpebral part of the orbicularis oculi on the medial and lateral sides |
|
Definition
medial palpebral ligament
lateral palpebral ligament |
|
|
Term
| where are levator palpebrae and Muller's muscles located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lacrimal gland
lacrimal canaliculi
lacrimal sac
nasolacrimal duct |
|
|
Term
| flow of tears through the lacrimal apparatus |
|
Definition
| tears accummulate in lacrimal lake --> lacrimal caniculi --> lacrimal punctum --> lacrimal sac --> nasolacrimal sac --> inferior nasal meatus |
|
|
Term
| bones broken in a blow-out fractures of the orbit |
|
Definition
maxillary or ethmoid bone
can involve ethmoidal sinus or maxillary sinuses
also frontal bone --> frontal lobe of the brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| damage to which artery of the eye would cause instant blindness |
|
Definition
| central artery of the retina |
|
|
Term
| what do postganglionic sympathetic fivers innervate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| from the where is the lens derived? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| from where is cornea derived? |
|
Definition
| mesoderm (except corneal epithelium = ectoderm) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) fibrous layer = sclera and cornea
2) vascular coat = choroid, ciliary body and iris
3) Retina |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the area between the sclera the cornea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
area of transition from the 10-layered sensory retina to the 2-layered non-sensory retina
marks the anterior limit of the neuroretina |
|
|
Term
| layers of the eyeball (superficial to deep) |
|
Definition
cornea
anterior compartment
iris and pupil (ciliary bodies)
lens
vitreous chamber
retina |
|
|
Term
| five layers of the cornea |
|
Definition
corneal epithelium
Bowman's layer
stroma
Descemet's membrane
corneal endothelium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
layer of epithelium where there is no blood
permeable to oxygen so oxidative reactions take place here and glucose is metabolized |
|
|
Term
| myelinated vs. nonmyelinated neurons in the cornea |
|
Definition
myelinated = in stroma
nonmyelinated = in the corneal epithelium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
contain:
collagen lamellae
fibroblasts
myelinated nerves
NO BLOOD VESSELS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
spongy, brownish layer between the sclera and the retina
lots of pigmentation
formed from loose mesenchyme |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lamina elastic = Brush's membrane
choricocapillaris = contains capillaries
vessel layer = larger vessels
epichoroid = nearest to the sclera |
|
|
Term
| layers of Bruch's membrane |
|
Definition
basal lamina
collagen fibers
elastic fibers
collagen fibers
basal lamina of the choroidal capillaries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| controls the width of the lens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| zonule fibers that suspend the lens |
|
|
Term
| two functions of the ciliar bodies |
|
Definition
produce aqueous humor
control the width of the lens |
|
|
Term
| dilator muscles of the eye |
|
Definition
made of myoephithelial cells
location = just anterior to the posterior pigmented epithlium |
|
|
Term
symptoms:
- ptosis
- anhidrosis (loss of sweating on one side)
- miosis (small, constricted pupil) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| parasympathetic contraction of the ciliary muscles --> reduces tension on the zonule fibers --> lens thickens --> pupils constrict as well --> helps you read close up |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
far-sighted (can't see close up)
lens can no longer thicken because it loses flexibility with age |
|
|
Term
| 3 histological parts of the lens |
|
Definition
lens capsule
subcapsular epithelium
lens substance |
|
|
Term
| two layers of total retina |
|
Definition
optic part = pigmented layer and neuronal layer
nonvisual part |
|
|
Term
| which two layers of the optic retina separate in the case of a detached retina |
|
Definition
| neural layer separates from the pigmented layer of the optic layer of the retina |
|
|
Term
| ten layers of the neuroretina |
|
Definition
1) pigmented epithelium
2) layer of rods and cones
3) external limiting membrane
4) external nuclear layer
5) external plexiform layer
6) internal nuclear layer
7) internal plexiform layer
8) ganglion cell layer
9) optic nerve fiber layer
10) inner limiting membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lateral to the optic disc (blind spot); small area of yellowish coloration
thinnest area of the retina = best visual acuity here |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the central depression that the macula lutea sits in |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
has pigmented epithelium = polygonal cells
functions:
- absorbs light and prevents reflection
- stores vitamin A
- phagocytose the turned-over membrane from the photoreceptor lamellae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
disease in which pigmented epithelium does not effectively remove membranous debris from the photoreceptor lamellae
hereditary retinal dystrophy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
in neuroretina
twilight vision
contains rhodopsin
more rods than cones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
most concentrated in fovea centralis
visual acuity
have more tapered outer segment
less than rods |
|
|
Term
| Dry vs. Wet age related macular degeneration |
|
Definition
Dry = more common, drusen accumulates between Brush's membrane of the choriod layer and the pigmented epithelium of retina
Wet = less common, more severe, blood vessels push up on the Drusen (separating retina even more from its blood supply) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bulging of the optic disc (or papilla) into the eye |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| canal on the lateral border on the anterior chamber where aqueous humor is drained |
|
|
Term
| primary open-angle glaucoma |
|
Definition
most common
angle of the anterior chamber appears normal
caused by slow blockage of the canal of Schlemm
slow and insidious problem
defects can be detected in the visual field |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
more rare
angle of the anterior chamber is blocked by the iris
quick onset and rapid progression |
|
|
Term
symptoms:
- ocular pain
- blurred vision and appearance of halos or rings around lights
- quick onset and rapid progression |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
symptoms:
- increased ocular pressure
- pale optic disc
- disc appears enlarged |
|
Definition
optic cupping
**can lead to retinal atrophy and neuronal death |
|
|
Term
| components of vitreal body |
|
Definition
homogeneous gel (99& water)
collagen
glycosaminoglycans |
|
|
Term
| innervation of the muscles of the auricle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sensory innervation of auricle |
|
Definition
superficial parts:
- great auricular and lesser occipital (from cervical plexus)
Deeper parts:
- facial nerve
- some vagus (auricular branch) |
|
|
Term
| lymphatic drainage to the nodes |
|
Definition
| auricle --> parotid nodes (anterior) and mastoid nodes (posterior) --> upper deep cervical nodes |
|
|
Term
| glands of the external auditory meatus |
|
Definition
sebaceous glands
ceruminous glands (secrete cerumen = ear wax)
NO eccrine sweat glands |
|
|
Term
| innervation of external auditory meatus |
|
Definition
mainly auriculotemporal nerve
some vagal branches
minor innervation of facial nerve |
|
|
Term
| innervation of the tympanic membrane |
|
Definition
outer surface = auriculotemporal nerve (V2) and small contribution from vagus (auricular branch)
inner surface = glossopharyngeal nerve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bulging of the red tympanic membrane |
|
|
Term
| where should tympanostomy tubes be place specifically? |
|
Definition
posterior inferior part of the tympanic membrane
**careful to avoid injuring chorda tympani |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
makes up the roof of the middle ear
located on the anterior surface of the petrous part of the temporal bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| elevation on the posterior wall of the middle ear where the tendon of the stapedius muscle enters the middle ear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| round bulge in the medial wall of the middle ear from the cochlea in the inner ear |
|
|
Term
| innervation (nervous supply) of the tympanic plexus |
|
Definition
glossopharyngeal nerve
internal carotid plexus |
|
|
Term
| innervation of the middle ear |
|
Definition
| tympanic nerve (from CN IX) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hypersensitivity to sounds in a certain frequency
**can be caused by Bell's palsy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inflammation of the mastoid antrum
usually develops from otitis media and can easily spread the infection to the middle cranium |
|
|
Term
| embryonic origin of the ossicles |
|
Definition
malleus and incus = 1st arch cartilage (Meckel's cartilage)
stapes = 2nd arch cartilage (Reichart cartilage) |
|
|
Term
| from where is the cochlea derived? |
|
Definition
| otic placode of the ectoderm |
|
|
Term
| components of the vestibular apparatus |
|
Definition
semicircular ducts/canals
utricle
saccule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sense organ that detects centrifugal and vertical acceleration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sense organ that detects linear acceleration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the "maculae" of the semicircular ducts that sense movement in any direction (angular acceleration) |
|
|
Term
| where are statoconia located? |
|
Definition
| in the sensory organs of the saccule, utricle and semicircular ducts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
involuntary eye movement that allows you to focus on one object at the same velocity that it is moving, then snap back to another object quickly
**controlled by vestibular nuclei in the brain stem --> occulomotor nuclei |
|
|
Term
Symptoms:
- Recurrent attacks of vertigo
- hearing loss
- Tinnitus (ringing in ears)
- may be accompanied with nystagmus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| frequency detection of the organ of corti |
|
Definition
high frequency = detected at the base of the basilar membrane
low frequency = detected at he apex of the basilar membrane |
|
|
Term
| function of the round window |
|
Definition
| vibrates with the opposite frequencies as the oval window so that the hair cells can be hyperpolarized to stop them from firing all the time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
only vacularized epithelium in the body
makes endolymph for scala media (cochlear duct) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
in the organ of Corti
stiff cells with lots of microtubules
act as a fulcrum for the tentoral membrane |
|
|
Term
Symptoms:
- hearing loss
- vertigo
- tinnitis
- loss of sensation to face and mouth |
|
Definition
| Schwannoma (acoustic neuroma) |
|
|
Term
| parasympathetic ganglion associated with the trigeminal nerve |
|
Definition
ciliary ganglion = nasociliary nerve (V1)
pterygopalatine ganglion = maxillary nerve (V2)
otic ganglion = mandibular nerve (V3)
submandibular ganglion = lingula nerve (V3) |
|
|
Term
| superior cervical ganglion |
|
Definition
receives preganglionic sympathetic fibers from T1
sends postganglionic fibers to:
internal carotid plexus
external carotid plexus
C1-4 spinal nerves
pharynx |
|
|
Term
Symptoms:
- ptosis of eye
- small pupil
- diplopia
- anhidrosis
- face and neck flush |
|
Definition
Horner's syndrome
damage to sympathetic ganglion of head and neck |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
shine light in eye --> pupil constricts
tests integrity of parasympathetic innervation of pupil
afferent neurons in superior colliculus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the constriction of the pupil (from pupillary light reflex) is seen to a lessor extent on the contralateral side |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
if patient loos at a near object, pupils with constrict bilaterally
ciliary muscles contract to let lens thicken for near vision
**parasympathetics are activated |
|
|
Term
| nerve that may be implicated in the dislocation of the jaw |
|
Definition
| auriculotemporal nerve (V3) |
|
|
Term
| three ligaments of the TMJ |
|
Definition
sphenomandibular ligament
stylomandibular ligament
lateral ligament |
|
|
Term
| openings of the infratemporal fossa |
|
Definition
foramen rotumdum and spinosum
alveolar foramen
inferior orbital fissure
pterygotympanic fissure
pterygomaxillary fissure |
|
|
Term
| openings of pterygopalatine fossa |
|
Definition
inferior orbital fissure
sphenopalatine foramen
palatovaginal canal
foramen rotundum
pterygoid canal
palatine canal |
|
|
Term
| contents of the pterygopalatine foramen |
|
Definition
maxillary nerve
pterygopalatine ganglion
greater petrosal nerve (facial nerve)
postganglionic parasympathetic nerves going to lacrimal, submandibular and sublingual glands |
|
|
Term
| contents of infratemporal fossa |
|
Definition
medial pterygoid
lateral pterygoid
masseter?
mandibular nerve and branches
1st and 2nd branches of maxillary artery
chorda tympani nerve
pterygoid plexus of nerves
sphenomandibular ligament
3rd branch of maxillary nerve |
|
|
Term
| epithelium of oral mucosa |
|
Definition
| strat squam non-keratinized |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
epithelium
basal lamina
lamina propria
submucosa |
|
|
Term
| tissue that makes up the lamina propria |
|
Definition
loose connective tissue
areas with lots of chewing action = dense CT |
|
|
Term
| where in the oral cavity does the oral mucosa NOT have a submucosa? |
|
Definition
in areas where food is crushed or rubbed (gums and hard palate)
mucosa is tightly adherent to the underlying periosteum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
metaplasia of the oral mucosa
risk factor for squamous cell carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| what is the most common malignancy of the oral cavity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
motor = facial nerve
sensory:
upper lip = superior labial branch (infraorbital nerve, from V2))
lower lip = inferior labial branches (from mental nerve, from V3) |
|
|
Term
| epithelium of the vermillion zone |
|
Definition
strat squam keritinized
no hair follicles or sweat glands
sometimes sebaceous glands
highly vascularized = appears red |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
glands found in the lips
looks like purple patches on the histo slide of the lips |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
upper teeth = superior alveolar nerve (from infraorbital nerve, V2)
lower teeth = inferior alveolar nerve (from V3) |
|
|
Term
| contents of pulp cavity/root canal |
|
Definition
loose CT
lympatics
NERVES
a layer of odontoblasts
**covered by dentin |
|
|
Term
| from where are odontoblasts derived? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
made of dense collagenous CT
specialized tissue that attaches the cementum of the root to the surrounding alveolar bone
highly vascularized |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
made up of immature, woven bone
very movable and plastic
contains alveoli = tooth sockets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thick basal lamina (cuticle) that connects the epithelium of the gums to the tooth enamel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
calcified tissue
harder than bone
organic matrix = type I collagen, proteoglycans, glycoproteins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the long slender processes of odontoblasts found in the dentin
tomes fibers are located in the dentinal tubules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cells that arise from the ectodermal enamel organ
secrete the enamel matrix during tooth develop (die in adulthood) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
found in the thicker apical region of the root
sit in lacunae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
type I collagen
proteoglycans
glycoproteins
**similar to dentin |
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Term
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Definition
| V-shaped boundary on the posterior aspect of the tongue that divides the innervation of the tongue (anterior 2/3 from posterior 1/3) |
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Term
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Definition
embrological location of the thyroid diverticulum
found on the sulcum terminalis |
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Term
| from where do the two parts of the tongue originate? |
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Definition
anterior 2/3 = 1st branchial arch
posterior 1/3 = 3rd - 4th branchial arches |
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Term
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Definition
submandibular duct
located just lateral to the frenulum of the tongue |
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Term
| ventral surface of the tongue |
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Definition
strat squam non-keratinized epithelium
lamina propria
NO SUBMUCOSA |
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Term
| papillae of the tongue that have taste buds |
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Definition
fungiform (dorsal surface, scattered throughout tongue)
foliate (side of tongue)
circumvallate (along sulcus terminalis) |
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Term
| serous glands of von Ebner |
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Definition
found alongside the circumvallate papillae of the tongue
create serous secretions that run into the "moats" around the papillae and "wash off" the papillae |
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Term
| which type of papillae has an "odd-ball" innervation? |
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Definition
| circumvallate = innervated by glossopharyngeal nerve (and not facial) |
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Term
| extrinsic muscles of the tongue |
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Definition
genioglossus
hyoglossus
styloglossus
palatoglossus |
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Term
| extrinsic muscle of the tongue with an "odd-ball" innervation |
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Definition
| palatoglossus = innervated by vagus nerve and not hypoglossal (because it is also a soft-palate muscle) |
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Term
| motor innervation of the geniohyoid muscle |
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Definition
| anterior ramus of C1 via hypoglossal nerve |
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Term
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Definition
| anterior pillars on side of uvula |
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Term
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Definition
| posterior pillars on side of uvula |
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Term
| which muscle of the soft palate functions by opening the tympanic tube? |
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Definition
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Term
| innervation of both bellies of the digastric muscle |
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Definition
anterior belly = nerve to mylohyoid (from V3)
posterior belly = digastric branch of facial nerve |
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Term
| secretions of serous and mucous cells |
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Definition
serous = protein-rich, watery secretions
mucous = mucin with glycoproteins --> viscous secretion |
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Term
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Definition
serous cells = pyramidal shaped cells with spherical nuclei, lots of RER
mucous cells = cuboidal or columnar cells with oval or flattened nuclei (pushed to the basal side), mucinogen granules arranged in tubules |
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Term
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Definition
crescent-shaped caps of serous cells and mucous tubules
most common on sublingual gland
secrete lyzozyme (breaks down bacterial walls) |
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Term
| parotid v. submandibular v. sublingual |
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Definition
parotid = serous secretions with IgA, looks like pancreas (lots of fat cells)
submandibular = mixed secretion, striated ducts
sublingual = mixed secretion, very few striated ducts |
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Term
| epithelium of tonsils (all three) |
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Definition
pharyngeal = pseudostratified columnar
palatine = strat squam non-keratinized
lingual = strat squam non-keratinized |
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Term
| muscle that protrudes the tongue |
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Definition
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Term
| muscle that elevates the side of the tongue |
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Definition
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